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1.
该研究采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术结合多元统计分析解析广西地区酸黄皮样品中的细菌群落结构组成,并对其细菌序列的潜在基因功能进行分析。结果表明,酸黄皮样品中的细菌隶属于22个细菌门的593个属,4个核心优势细菌门分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(49.75%)、硬壁菌门(Firmicutes)(41.15%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(3.61%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(2.58%);10个核心优势细菌属分别为罗尔斯通氏菌属(Ralstonia)(38.77%)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)(8.36%)、伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia)(4.44%)、大洋芽孢杆菌属(Oceanobacillus)(4.13%)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)(4.00%)、梭菌属(Clostridium)(3.15%)、纤细芽孢杆菌属(Gracilibacillus)(3.05%)、枝芽孢菌属(Virgibacillus)(2.25%)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)(1.40%)和诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)(1.03%),多数优势菌属间呈正向相互调节机制。广西酸黄皮样品中的细菌序列除具有较强的维持细胞生命活动的基本功能外,在氨基酸转运与代谢、碳水化合物运输和代谢以及脂质转运与代谢方面的潜在功能较强。  相似文献   

2.
研究利用高通量测序技术对凤香型白酒酿酒区域空气样品的细菌群落结构特征进行分析,探究新老车间环境微生物的结构组成差异。结果显示,新老车间相同月份空气样品的细菌群落结构组成相似,但是不同菌属的丰度占比差异较大,不同月份样品的群落结构组成差异显著。酿酒环境空气中含有丰富的细菌群落,其中一年四季稳定存在的细菌属有鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)和微球菌科未培养细菌属(unclassified_Micrococcaceae)。结果表明,酿酒区域空气细菌群落组成种类十分复杂,为后续空气微生物的筛选和制酒车间环境微生物的稳定和控制提供了参考。  相似文献   

3.
通过定点取样研究了泸州老窖营沟头古酿酒作坊空气真菌的群落结构和分布特征.结果在古酿酒作坊内共检测出真菌16个类属,在作坊外检测出15个类属.作坊内优势种群为曲霉属、酵母菌、青霉属和无孢菌;作坊外则为曲霉属、青霉属、无孢菌、枝孢霉、链格孢属.古作坊空气真菌浓度在夏、秋季较高,冬季最低.作坊内真菌浓度平均值高于作坊外(P<...  相似文献   

4.
采用Illumina MiSeq 高通量测序技术对广西地区9 份咸梅样品的细菌多样性和群落结构进行解析。结果表明:咸梅样品中特有细菌种类较多但含量少,不同样品中细菌丰富度和多样性存在差异。优势细菌门分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、硬壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),平均相对含量分别为66.97%、21.50%、5.30%和4.20%,优势细菌属及其相对含量分别是雷尔氏菌属(Ralstonia)53.28%、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)10.36%、伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia)6.16%、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)2.74%、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)1.75%、假单胞菌属(Pelomonas)1.35%和另枝菌属(Alistipes)1.00%。在对优势细菌属进行相关性分析后发现,雷尔氏菌属(Ralstonia)与伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia)和假单胞菌属(Pelomonas)均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)与另枝菌属(Alistipes)之间存在显著正相关(P<0.05),还有部分优势菌属间存在拮抗或竞争关系,乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)与雷尔氏菌属(Ralstonia)和伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia)均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

5.
为探究酱香型白酒大曲曲皮和曲心细菌群落结构的差异,采用Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术对某酱香型白酒大曲曲皮和曲心两个部位的细菌群落多样性及菌群结构进行研究。结果表明,曲皮样品中细菌群落的多样性高于曲心样品,但其物种丰富度低于曲心样品。曲皮和曲心样品中的细菌菌群归属于7个门、13个纲、19个目、29个科和55个属,共有优势细菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria),曲皮样品的特有优势细菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria);共有优势细菌属为枝芽孢杆菌属(Virgibacillus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、芽孢链菌属(Desmospora)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、糖多孢菌属(Saccharopolyspora),除Desmospora外,其他优势细菌属在曲皮和曲心中的含量差异较大。曲皮样品的特有优势细菌属为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingo- monas)、片球菌属(Pediococcus);曲心样品的特有优势细菌属为火山渣芽孢杆菌属(Scopulibacillus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)。  相似文献   

6.
通过高通量测序技术分析不同生物胺含量腐乳样品的细菌群落结构,测定相关环境因子,在此基础上探究菌群结构与生物胺含量之间的相关性。结果表明,腐乳中的优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),四者的相对丰度之和在各样品中均达到91%以上;优势菌属包括芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)、四联球菌属(Tetragenococcus)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas);高低生物胺含量腐乳的组间主要差异菌属为芽孢杆菌属、魏斯氏菌属、假单胞菌属和赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)。相关性研究表明,总生物胺和总酸是影响细菌群落组成的主要因素(P<0.05);生物胺含量主要与氨基酸态氮和pH等环境因子相关,腐乳样品的氨基酸态氮含量范围为0.62~0.86 g/100 g,pH变化范围在5.62~6.37之间;魏斯氏菌属、芽孢杆菌属和赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属丰度的增加与生物胺具有显著相关性;不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、丛毛单胞菌属(Comamonas)和四联球菌属与生物胺呈现负相关性。研究结果阐明了腐乳微生物群落结构与生物胺的关联性,为了解生物胺形成机制,有效控制生物胺和优化腐乳生产工艺提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
该研究采用MiSeq高通量测序技术对鹤峰地区渣豆酱中细菌和真菌多样性进行了解析。结果发现,硬壁菌门(Firmicutes)为优势细菌门,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)为优势细菌属,平均相对含量分别为92.0%、56.87%和24.28%;子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为优势真菌门,青霉属(Penicillium)、耐碱酵母属(Galactomyces)和接合酵母属(Zygosaccharomyces)为优势真菌属,平均相对含量分别为82.57%、19.42%、17.09%和16.12%;经Mood-median检验发现,细菌的丰度显著低于真菌(P<0.05),而多样性差异不显著(P>0.05);经相关性分析发现,芽孢杆菌属与德巴利酵母属呈显著负相关(R=-0.997,P<0.05),乳酸杆菌属与念珠菌等真菌属均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),且相关系数均大于0.999。由此可见,鹤峰地区渣豆酱中细菌主要为芽孢杆菌属和葡萄球菌属,真菌主要为青霉属、耐碱酵母属和接合酵母属。  相似文献   

8.
陶融型大曲微生物多样性与挥发性风味成分的相关性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以陶融型大曲为研究对象,解析大曲微生物群落结构及挥发性风味物质组成,揭示大曲中功能微生物与风味成分之间的相关性。结果表明,陶融型大曲中共检测出7个细菌门和3个真菌门,细菌优势菌属为泛菌属(Pantoea)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)、克罗诺杆菌属(Cronobacter)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella),真菌优势菌属为嗜热子囊菌属(Thermoascus)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、嗜热真菌属(Thermomyces);大曲中共检测出45种挥发性风味成分,分为7大类;相关性分析结果表明,大曲中的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)与吡嗪类、酯类、芳香族类等多数挥发性风味成分呈显著正相关性(P<0.05),魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)与吡嗪类、酮类、酸类、酯类均呈显著正相关性(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
任爱容  黄永光 《食品科学》2021,42(4):167-174
通过高通量测序技术结合数理分析方法,系统性研究茅台镇酱香型白酒不同酿造区域生产大曲中的细菌菌群结构特征,共检出细菌21 个门和532 个属,首次在酱香大曲中检出解硫胺素芽孢杆菌属(Aneurinibacillus)、鲁梅尔芽孢杆菌属(Rummeliibacillus)、摩根氏菌属(Morganella)、普劳斯氏菌属(Prauserella)、橄榄形菌属(Olivibacter)、库特氏菌属(Kurthia)、两面神菌属(Janibacter)、巴尔通氏体属(Bartonella)、香味菌属(Myroides)、unclassified_o__Corynebacteriales和Parapusillimonas。研究发现,不同区域生产大曲的细菌多样性丰富且存在差异,但各区域在相对丰度较高的优势细菌门、优势细菌属及核心细菌属的菌群结构组成上具有高度的相似性。其优势细菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),优势细菌属为慢生芽孢杆菌属(Lentibacillus)、克罗彭斯特菌属(Kroppenstedtia)、泛生菌属(Pantoea)、大洋芽孢杆菌属(Oceanobacillus)和肠杆菌属(Enterobacter),芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为其关键核心细菌属;区域间微生物具有良好的共性,强化了茅台镇稳定的酿造微生态结构,是茅台镇具有稳定产酱香型白酒的重要原因之一。各区域内的不同轮次大曲中细菌菌群差异小于区域间菌群差异,而区域间的细菌差异主要集中在丰度较小功能菌群上。研究结果揭示了茅台镇不同主酿区生产大曲的细菌菌群结构,为相关研究奠定了基础,也为酱香型白酒生产监测及企业选址提供了参考和指导。  相似文献   

10.
采用高通量测序技术对浓香型白酒生产车间外的土壤微生物季节性变化趋势及主要影响因子进行分析,并与酿酒相关微生物进行比对。结果表明,土壤微生物群落结构和多样性有显著的季节性变化,冬季土壤微生物总数量显著高于夏季,季节对细菌的影响大于真菌。细菌优势菌群不同季节相对丰度占比无显著性差异(P>0.05),真菌优势菌群子囊菌门(Ascomycota)呈极显著性差异(P<0.01)。通过冗余分析(RDA),pH和有机碳分别是影响细菌和真菌群落结构变化的主要环境因子,解释率分别为12.7%、7.6%。此外,土壤中发现有酿酒微生物的存在,细菌共有11个菌属,真菌共有18个菌属,瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)是优势细菌菌群,镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、枝孢菌属(Cladosporium)则是优势真菌菌群。  相似文献   

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Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.6 Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.7 In Ukraine, two studies3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.  相似文献   

16.
了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。  相似文献   

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Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.  相似文献   

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细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

20.
Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in various vegetables (cabbage, green onion, lettuce, parsley, rocket, spinach, carrot, onion, potato and cauliflower) from the market in Jordan were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.009–0.275 mg kg?1 wet weight, 0.004–0.060 mg kg?1, 0.003–0.401 mg kg?1, 0.105–3.51 mg kg?1, 0.15–1.15 mg kg?1, 0.93–14.39 mg kg?1, 0.044–0.702 mg kg?1, 0.072–0.289 mg kg?1 and 2.23–6.65 mg kg?1, respectively. Parsley, followed by spinach, contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. Onion contained high levels of toxic heavy metals. The content of Cu in parsley and spinach and Pb in onion exceeded the Codex limits. However, the daily intake of heavy metals from the tested vegetables was lower than the maximum limits for allowable intake.  相似文献   

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