河南石寨沟金矿床地质特征及找矿标志分析

河南石寨沟金矿床位于华北地台南缘,区域构造—岩浆活动强烈,成矿地质条件良好。研究表明:石寨沟金矿床受构造控制明显,矿体主要产于中元古界熊耳群地层中,金矿体产状与层间滑脱带产状一致;矿体呈似层状,金矿化较均匀,品位较高,矿石组构较复杂,以角砾状和块状构造为主;近矿围岩蚀变发育,以硅化和黄铁矿化与金矿化关系最为密切,矿化蚀变强烈的区域矿体较大;矿床成矿物质来源主要为太古宇太华群,为一构造破碎蚀变岩型金矿床。     

内蒙古哈尔楚鲁图铅锌多金属矿床地质特征

大兴安岭南段是我国北方重要的锡铅锌银多金属矿集区,区内成矿地质条件优越,找矿潜力巨大。哈尔楚鲁图铅锌多金属矿床位于内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗北部,大兴安岭南段西坡成矿带西南端。在野外调查和室内测试的基础上,通过对该矿床进行基础地质特征和控矿条件研究认为,矿体的赋矿围岩主要为华力西晚期闪长岩,而成矿岩体为燕山期隐伏花岗岩。矿体均受北西向张扭性断层构造控制,而北东向压扭性断裂普遍蚀变,无铅锌矿体,为导矿构造。矿化蚀变类型以绢云母化、硅化、绿泥石化为主,与成矿关系密切,可作为找矿标志。而萤石化、方解石化为矿化后期蚀变,亦可作为间接找矿标志。综合分析认为,该矿床是受断裂构造控制的中—低温热液充填式脉状铅锌多金属矿床。     

青海克停哈尔铜钼多金属矿床地质特征及找矿标志

克停哈尔铜钼多金属矿床位于东昆仑祁漫塔格成矿带东段,矿区出露主要地层有古元古界金水口岩群和寒武—奥陶系滩间山群,金水口岩群碳酸盐岩是形成夕卡岩型铁多金属矿的有利岩性,华力西期闪长岩、印支期中酸性花岗岩类发育,印支期似斑状花岗闪长岩是该区铜钼矿主要含矿岩体。区内构造活动强烈,北西西向—北西向的压性、压扭性断裂组成了区域主体构造骨架,北东向构造形成较晚,是主要的控矿构造。该区具有多期次系列成矿的特征,形成以含矿斑岩体为中心的斑岩型钼矿化,外围为夕卡岩型铁多金属矿及脉状铅锌矿化的岩浆热液成矿系列,文章通过初步总结矿床地质特征,建立了找矿标志,为该区及区域同类型矿产勘查提供参考。     

东昆仑喀雅克登锌多金属矿床成因探讨

喀雅克登锌多金属矿床位于东昆仑成矿带西段,矿种以锌矿为主,同时伴生有钨、铜、铅、铁等矿种。出露地层主要为古元古界金水口岩群,侵入岩主要为早泥盆世的二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、晚三叠世花岗闪长岩与早侏罗世的钾长花岗岩,构造以北西西向的压扭性断裂构造为主。通过对矿床地质特征、矿石矿物结构构造以及控矿因素的分析,探讨了矿床成因,认为该矿床在近矿围岩形成夕卡岩型为主的锌、钨多金属矿体,并受岩体与围岩接触带产状控制,在远端形成热液型锌多金属矿体,受破碎蚀变带控制明显,具有夕卡岩型—热液型系列成矿的特征,提出今后的找矿工作可在接触带远端的破碎蚀变带中寻找热液型矿体的新思路。     

广西箭猪坡锑锌铅矿床构造控矿特征与找矿方向

位于桂西北丹池成矿带东南端的五圩矿田箭猪坡矿床,是受断裂构造控制的充填型中低温热液矿床。通过野外构造调查,厘定了矿田NNW向断裂的控矿作用,NNW向断裂活动呈多期性,早期以压扭为主,兼具顺时针旋转;晚期以张性为主,兼具逆时针旋转,成矿作用发生在晚期张性阶段。矿脉局部"S"型扭曲部位形成的高引张空间有利于形成厚矿体,矿脉的分支复合、膨大缩小部位等有利于矿化富集,矿化的局部富集与矿体厚度呈负相关。结合矿床地质特征、构造控矿规律等,对箭猪坡锑锌铅矿床深部和外围进行了成矿预测。     

新疆黄山南铜镍矿成因探讨及控矿因素分析

黄山南矿区经过多年的生产及勘探工作,揭露矿石的类型及矿体产状较前期的认识有了较大的变化。矿床成因复杂,认为该矿区成矿过程经历了超基性岩熔离矿化期—构造挤压拉伸变形期—酸性花岗岩熔蚀改造期—岩浆期后热液富集、构造压扭变形就位期。矿床成因并不是单一的超基性熔离矿床,应为超基性岩熔离改造型铜镍矿床,并根据矿床的成因,分析该矿区的控矿因素。     

安徽马头矿床钼矿化特征和成因

安徽马头钼矿床位于池州市南部,属于长江中下游多金属成矿带的一部分。为了解该钼矿的矿化特征和成因,对前人研究成果、地质背景、矿区地质、矿化特征和成因进行了研究。研究发现,安徽马头钼矿床下冲矿段含矿围岩主要为蚀变花岗闪长斑岩和蚀变砂岩,每种岩性都包含两种矿化形式：石英脉型和节理面型。统计了79条矿化石英脉和111条矿化节理面的产状,结果显示：含矿石英脉产状以北东向为主,矿化节理面产状以北西向为主,北西向是主要成矿方向。含矿石英脉属于早期成矿,矿化节理面属于晚期成矿,晚期的矿化节理面是马头下冲矿段主要成矿时期,矿床主要受构造控制。因此,围绕与花岗岩斑岩钼矿有关的深部接触带区域来规划新的工作方向,对实现长江中下游多金属成矿带中的金属分布关系位置再认识,具有重大战略意义。     

熊耳山西段沙沟矿集区构造控矿分析及找矿方向

沙沟矿集区位于豫西有色金属重点成矿区,华北地台南缘与秦岭造山带相接带,出露的地层主要为新太古界太华岩群高级变质岩系,属于薄脉状构造蚀变岩型矿床,矿体严格受断裂构造控制。含矿构造破碎带以北北东向为主,其次为近南北向和北西向。该矿床形成于晚侏罗世中国东部构造体制大转换初期。北西西—南东东向主压应力场迁就、利用、改造已经形成的近南北向主压应力场产生的断裂构造体系,原来的断裂构造的产状没有发生大的变化,但叠加了新的力学性质。文章认为该地区找矿潜力很大,并指出了下步找矿的方向和重点部位。     

南秦岭蒲塘—毛堂地区隐爆杂岩体金矿特征、成矿模式及找矿方向

蒲塘—毛堂地区分布有大小不一的燕山期花岗斑岩体及角砾岩体构成的杂岩体,杂岩体岩石组合多样,来源于上地幔和下地壳深源物质。矿体、矿化体均受杂岩体岩筒特殊构造的控制,分布于岩筒接触带及其附近环状裂隙和放射状裂隙内,形态以带状和似筒状为主,延深大,产状陡。角砾型矿石金富集程度最高,且金矿化与黄铁矿化关系密切。根据本区角砾岩及矿体特征,建立了矿床的成矿模式。指出蒲塘矿区黑沟岩体的隐爆中心岩筒南接触带和围岩角砾岩南东部分,毛堂矿区北西向断层的上盘与北东向断层交叉位置是最有利的成矿部位。     

豫西沙沟银铅锌矿床构造控矿分析及找矿预测

沙沟铅锌银矿床位于豫西有色金属重点成矿区,华北地台南缘与秦岭造山带相接带,出露的地层主要为新太古界太华岩群高级变质岩系,属于薄脉状构造蚀变岩型矿床,矿体严格受断裂构造控制。含矿构造破碎带以北北东向为主,其次为近南北向和近东西向。该矿床形成于晚侏罗世中国东部构造体制大转换初期。北西西—南东东向主压应力场迁就、利用、改造已经形成的近南北向主压应力场产生的断裂构造体系,原来的断裂构造的产状没有发生大的变化,但叠加了新的力学性质。文章认为该矿区找矿潜力很大,通过构造分析提出了下一步找矿的重点部位和方向。     

海外石油项目环境合规性规范体系研究

海外石油项目的环境合规性管理意义重大,环境合规性管理的关键问题是识别合适的规范体系。从法学理论分析,资源国法律及其批准的国际公约、投资开发协议所要求的法律法规、金融机构的融资担保合同中所要求的法律法规、投资母国的法律规范构成了对海外石油项目的硬法约束;国际组织通过约束跨国公司行为的协定指南、企业加入的自愿性承诺、国际行业标准以及被视为最佳实践和惯例的标准导则构成了软法约束。本文结合主要国际石油公司的环境合规性实践分析,认为在实际管理中,可以根据规范来源与效力、企业追求目标等因素将上述规范区分为核心规范和其他规范,其中核心规范进一步区分为必选规范和可选规范。     

Traditional, state-of-the-art and future thermal building insulation materials and solutions - Properties, requirements and possibilities

The advantages and disadvantages of the thermal building insulation materials and solutions have been treated. Both traditional, state-of-the-art and possible materials and solutions beyond these have been investigated. Examples of these may be mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, vacuum insulation panels, gas insulation panels, aerogels, and future possibilities like vacuum insulation materials, nano insulation materials and dynamic insulation materials. Various properties, requirements and possibilities have been compared and studied. Among these are thermal conductivity, perforation vulnerability, building site adaptability and cuttability, mechanical strength, fire protection, fume emission during fire, robustness, climate ageing durability, resistance towards freezing/thawing cycles, water resistance, costs and environmental impact. Currently, there exist no single insulation material or solution capable of fulfilling all the requirements with respect to the most crucial properties. That is, for the buildings of today and the near future, several insulation materials and solutions are used and will have to be used depending on the exact circumstances and specifications. As of today, new materials and solutions like e.g. vacuum insulation panels are emerging, but only slowly introduced in the building sector partly due to their short track record. Therefore it will be of major importance to know the limitations and possibilities of all the insulation materials and solutions, i.e. their advantages and disadvantages. In this respect new conceptual thermal building insulation materials are also discussed.     

Application of real-time quantitative PCR for the detection of selected bacterial pathogens during municipal wastewater treatment

Bacteria were detected at five stages of municipal wastewater treatment using TaqMan(R) real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Thirteen probe and primer sets were tested for diverse pathogens that may be present in wastewater, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The sensitivity of the assay was 100 fg of genomic DNA (=22 gene copies), based on a standard curve generated using A. hydrophila purified DNA. Samples from five stages of wastewater treatment were collected, including raw wastewater, primary effluents, mixed liquor, waste activated sludge and final effluents. In duplicate samples, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. perfringens and E. faecalis were detected throughout the wastewater process, and their numbers decreased by 3.52-3.98, 4.23-4.33, 3.15-3.39, and 3.24 orders of magnitude respectively, between the raw wastewater and final effluent stage. This qPCR method was effective for the detection of pathogens in wastewater and confirmed that the risk of exposure to pathogens in the wastewater discharge was well within the Environment Canada guidelines.     

中国城市国际化的历程、特征与展望

通过回顾中国国际化城市的总体历程可知:从定位看,国际化城市大致可分为国际化大都市、区域性国际城市和专业特色国际城市三类;从空间分布看,国际化城市大多为沿海、沿江、沿边开放城市,以及内陆省会开放城市和经济体制改革试点城市;从人口,经济特征看,国际化城市呈现出人口、经济和产业结构与国际化定位匹配的特征.我国一方面应编制国家...     

Stormwater control measure (SCM) maintenance considerations to ensure designed functionality

Great investment is made in the design and installation of stormwater control measures (SCMs). Substantial research investment, too, is made to optimise the performance of SCMs. However, once installed, SCMs often suffer from lack of maintenance or even outright neglect. Key maintenance needs for wet ponds, constructed stormwater wetlands, bioretention, infiltration practices, permeable pavement, swales, and rainwater harvesting systems are reviewed with many tasks, such as the cleaning of pre-treatment areas and the preservation of infiltration surfaces, being common maintenance themes among SCMs. Consequences of lacking maintenance are illustrated (mainly insufficient function or failure). Probable reasons for neglect include insufficient communication, unclear responsibilities, lack of knowledge, financial barriers, and decentralised measures. In future designs and research, maintenance (and lack thereof) should be considered. Assessing the performance of SCMs conservatively and including safety factors may prevent consequences of under-maintenance; and requiring regular inspection may help to enforce sufficient maintenance.     

Quantifying the relationship between visitor satisfaction and perceived accessibility to pedestrian spaces on festival days

Many cities organize cultural festivals to promote their distinctiveness, boost the local economy, andenhance quality of life. However, urban spaces are packed with visitors on festival days, thus affecting accessibility to pedestrian spaces. This research examined visitor satisfaction with accessibility to pedest rian spaces during special events such as festivals. We particularly focusedonthe Hakata Dontaku festival, which is celebrated in Fukuoka, Japan. We studied three main elements that affect pedestrian satisfaction and perceived accessibility through walking, namely, safety, mobility, andamenities. We first analyzed previous studies and employed analytical hierarchy process to setup indicators for satisfaction measurement. Second, we determined visitor satisfaction through a survey questionnaire, which was conducted duringthe Hakata Dontaku festival. Third, we assessed the normality of the data set that was obtained from the questionnaire. Finally, we applied structural equation modeling. Results showed that theproposed model was a good fit, as indicated by the goodness of fit test, and the majority of indicators loaded significant values that supported their constructs. Satisfaction with amenities was found to be the most statistically significant variable that influences visitors' perceived accessibility during the Hakata Dontaku festival.     

Water Resources Development: A Balanced Approach

Customers, the public generally, the water industry, its regulators and the government are aware that water can be a scarce and costly product. Resource planning and development must increasingly be viewed as a combined package of water efficiency in (a) use, (b) metering and tariff policy, (c) leakage reduction, and (d) physical schemes.
Droughts, fears over possible climate change, concerns about resources and the environment, a greater awareness of the role and costs of the water industry and statements by the Department of the Environment, the Office of Water Services, and the National Rivers Authority have added weight to this sensible shift in emphasis.
However, society needs reliable water supplies and cannot completely rely upon the uncertain impact that demand side-measures may bring about – nor, even where achieved and cost-effective, on the important savings in losses. New resource schemes can take many years to implement. Therefore, in order to ensure adequate and reliable supplies, plans for new schemes must be brought to a state of readiness, and, in many cases, implemented.     

结构鲁棒性及其评价指标

基于“偶然事件”、“局部损伤”、“不成比例破坏”和“失效后果”四个方面给出了结构鲁棒性的新定义,将结构鲁棒性的定量测度划分为四类,分别从结构的属性、结构的确定性性能、结构的可靠度以及结构的风险等方面详细阐述了目前已经提出的各种鲁棒性指标;分别采用基于承载力的鲁棒性指标、基于可靠度的鲁棒性指标以及基于风险的鲁棒性指标,对按照我国现行规范设计的钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震鲁棒性进行了定量评价。结果表明：采用三类指标的鲁棒性评价结果一致,按照我国现行规范设计的钢筋混凝土框架结构具有良好的抗震鲁棒性。     

Urinary BTEX, MTBE and naphthalene as biomarkers to gain environmental exposure profiles of the general population

The aim of this work was to evaluate urinary benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m+p-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and naphthalene (NAP) as biomarkers of exposure to environmental pollutants. Personal air and urine samples from 108 subjects belonging to the Italian general population were compared. Urinary profiles were obtained by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. BTEX, MTBE, ETBE and NAP median airborne exposures during a 5-h sampling were 4.0, 25.3, 3.8, 9.3, 3.4, 3.4, < 0.8, and 3.4 µg/m³, respectively. Meanwhile, median urinary levels, as geometric means of three determinations were: 122, 397, 74, 127, 43, 49, < 15, and 46 ng/L, respectively. Urinary benzene and toluene concentrations were 4.6- and 1.2-fold higher in smokers than in non-smokers. For most chemicals, significant positive correlations between airborne exposure (log-transformed) and the corresponding biological marker (log-transformed) were found, with Pearson's r values for correlation, ranging from 0.228 to 0.396. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the urinary level of these chemicals was influenced by personal airborne exposure, urinary creatinine, and urinary cotinine, with R² 0.733 for benzene. Urinary chemicals are useful biomarkers of environmental exposure. Given the ease of rapidly obtaining urine samples, they represent a non-invasive alternative to blood chemical analysis. The possibility of obtaining urinary exposure profiles makes this method an appealing tool for environmental epidemiology.     

Changes of organizations by projects

Permanent organizations, such as companies, divisions, profit and cost centres, as well as temporary organizations, i.e. projects and programmes, change. Different change types, namely organizational learning, further developing, transforming and radical re-positioning can be described by specific chains of processes. For performing change processes of permanent organizations projects and programmes can be applied.