触变模锻成形工艺对镁合金成形件力学性能的影响

采用半固态等温热处理法、近液相线模锻法和等通道角挤压法制备AZ91D—Y镁合金半固态坯料。分别将3种状态的坯料加热到半固态温度区间进行二次重熔后,进行了触变模锻成形。结果表明,在半固态温度为560℃,模锻压力为200MPa的条件下,半固态等温热处理法、近液相线模锻法和等通道角挤压法制备坯料分别保温30,20,15min后触变模锻获得最佳力学性能;随着坯料加热温度的升高,触变模锻成形件力学性能呈现先上升后下降的趋势;增加成形压力有利于触变模锻成形件力学性能的提高;在相同成形条件下,等通道角挤压法制备坯料触变模锻后的力学性能最好,近液相线模锻法次之,半固态等温热处理法较差。     

半固态金属浆料制备新技术

半固态加工技术具有许多优良的特点，近年来得到迅速发展。广泛用于生产半固态金属的方法为触变成形，而流变成形与触变成形相比，前者更节约能源、流程更短、设备更简单，因此流变成形技术将是金属半固态加工技术的发展方向。半固态加工技术的发展趋势是，进一步简化加工工艺流程，进一步降低加工成本，扩宽半固态加工技术的应用范围。本文主要介绍最近几年在半固态浆料制备和加工中的几种新工艺和新技术的原理、特点及其应用，其中有新MIT工艺、冷却斜槽法、双螺旋流变注射成形法、剪切一冷却一轧制法、NRC工艺、不同液体混合法、近液相线铸造法等方法。     

浇注温度和ECAP对铝合金坯料组织的影响

采用近液相线法结合新SIMA法复合工艺制备半固态A356铝合金坯料,研究了浇注温度、等径角挤压（ECAP）和半固态处理温度、时间对坯料组织的影响。结果表明,适当的工艺参数可以制备出球状初生α—Al相晶粒的半固态A356铝合金坯料,其中较合理的工艺参数为：近液相线浇注温度为610℃,半固态保温温度为580℃,半固态保温时间为20min。     

半固态Y112铝合金成形组织与性能

采用近液相线半连续多模铸造法制备出Y112铝合金半固态坯料。分别考察了半固态合金流变成形件、触变成形件和常规压铸件的组织与性能。结果表明：Y112铝合金的半固态流变成形件的组织细小、均匀，硬度为112HV，优于触变成形件和常规压铸件的。     

新复合工艺制备A356.2合金半固态坯料

采用近液相线浇注和新SIMA法相结合的新复合工艺制备A356.2合金半固态坯料,观察和分析各工艺参数下试样的显微组织特征,探讨组织演变机制。实验结果表明,在铸模水冷、浇注温度615℃下进行近液相线浇注,获得的试样显微组织较好;等径角挤压使晶粒发生明显的变形和破碎,可累积大量的变形能;保温处理过程中,随着保温温度升高和保温时间延长,液相增多,晶粒粗化,圆整度提高。     

汽车零件半固态流变成形工艺研究

研究了汽车零件半固态流变成形工艺,包括制备半固态浆料和流变压铸成形.结果表明,对于ZL201合金,在液相线温度附近(650℃)施加电流为300A,频率为50 Hz的电磁场搅拌,能够获得均匀、细小、近球形非枝晶组织的半固态浆料;对于实验零件,当模具冲头的速度为0.01 m/s时,半固态浆料充型平稳,能够获得完整、轮廓清晰、内部组织致密的零件.     

高强耐热镁合金GW103K近液相线制浆工艺

采用近液相线法制备了新型高强耐热镁合金GW103K (Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr) 半固态浆料,并与高于液相线温度浇注锭坯的组织进行对比,同时,考察了近液相线浇注时静置时间和不同铸模浇注时冷却速率对铸造组织的影响.结果表明,近液相线温度浇注所获得的GW103K镁合金半固态组织与高于液相线温度浇注的相比发生了明显的变化,近液相线法浇注有利于含Zr的GW103镁合金晶粒的球化,圆整度也大大提高,但晶粒发生了明显的融合长大;近液相浇注时随静置时间的延长,晶粒变得比较粗大,圆整度显著降低,同时晶界变得比较细,分布在晶界上的金属间化合物明显减少;增加冷却速率有利于组织细化,也促进了球化的趋势.对于新型高强耐热镁合金GW103K,在近液相线温度不需静置浇注至冷却能力较强的铸模中即可获得理想的半固态浆料.     

铸造速度对ZL116合金半固态坯料组织的影响

采用近液相线半连续铸造技术制备ZL116合金半固态坯料,研究了铸造速度对半固态坯料微观组织形成的影响,研究表明,ZL116合金采用近液相线半连续铸造工艺,当铸造速度为150~200mm/min时,可获得分布均匀、细小的蔷薇状半固态坯料组织。     

大型压机落料线浅析

分析了压机落料线作为一种近净成形的工业装备面临的外部需求形势,简单介绍了国内外相关制造企业的一些特点,介绍了落料线的分类及组成特点,举例说明了落料线的工艺流程、工艺参数等。     

双金属复合管复合机理及制备工艺研究进展

总结了双金属复合管界面结合机理,系统介绍了目前国内外双金属复合管的主要制备工艺,并且根据初始时基体与覆层金属物理状态的不同,将现有制备工艺分为固-固相复合法、固-液相复合法、液-液相复合法以及其他复合法。对比分析了各种制备工艺的成形原理和主要特点,最后结合发展现状及未来工业应用需求,对双金属复合管工业化进程中将面临的问题进行了展望。     

AZ91D镁合金近液相线铸造研究

采用近液相铸造的方法浇铸了镁合金AZ91D，并与液相铸造的组织进行了对比，通过不同铸模浇铸考察了冷却速率对组织的影响，研究了近液相线铸造时的静置时间对铸造组织的影响，实验结果表明，液相（600℃）铸造组织与常规铸造组织接近，高冷却速率促进了枝晶化，近液相线铸造方法有利于组织的细化和球化，但不如铝合金显著，增加冷却加速率有利于组织的细化，也促进了球化的趋势，并对近液相线组织的演变机理进行了初步探讨。     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF ZL201 ALLOY OBTAINED BY NEAR-LIQUIDUS ELECTROMAGNETIC CASTING

The microstructures of ZL201 alloy slurry prepared by near-liquidus electromagnetic casting （NLEMC）, electromagnetic casting（EMC）, and near-liquidus casting（NLC） were investigated by means of electron microscopy and image analysis. Mechanical properties of as-cast alloys were determined. The results show that the NLEMC induces a fine, uniform, and equiaxed grain structure with a mean equal-area-circle grain diameter of 32.8μm. The as-cast aUoy has a hardness of HV122.8 and a tensite strength of 368MPa. Both of them are betterthan those of the alloys prepared by EMC and by NLC. The mechanism of grain refinement in the NLEMC alloy slurry was discussed.     

ZK60-2Ca镁合金近液相线铸造研究

用近液相铸造方法制备了ZK60-2Ca半固态坯料。对其组织演变进行了研究,发现由于Zr的特殊细化作用,ZK60-2Ca合金直接获得球形或近球形的组织,无需经过枝晶球化过程。通过用不同冷却速率的铸模浇铸考察了冷却速率对铸造组织的影响,并对近液相铸造时静置时间对微观组织的影响进行了研究。结果表明,随浇铸温度的降低和静置时间延长至60 min,晶粒逐渐细化并趋于均匀,晶粒尺寸达21?m,且圆度为1.29。随冷却速率的增加,晶粒细化并出现球化趋势。并对组织演变的机理进行了探讨。     

Semi-solid extrusion of aluminum alloy ZL116

The semi-solid forward-extruding feasibility of reheated ZL116 alloy cast by the near-liquidus semicontinuous casting process was studied by analyzing the microstructures and properties of forward-extruded bars. The results show that the microstructure of the ZL116 alloy billets cast by near-liquidus semi-continuous casting is mainly made up of homogeneous, fine global- or rosette-shaped grains. The microstructure of the billets, reheated and held at 575℃, contains stable and net-spherical grains which are suitable for semi-solid thixoforming. The semi-solid forward-extruded bars of the ZL116 alloy billet are facially smooth, microstructurally fine and homogeneous. Therefore the feasibility of semi-solid forward-extrusion of ZL116 alloy is thus excellent.     

Deformation mechanism and forming properties of 6061Al alloys during compression in semi-solid state

The 6061 semi-solid aluminium alloy feedstocks prepared by near-liquidus casting were compressed in semi-solid state by means of Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator. The relationship between the true stress and the true strain at different temperatures and strain rates was studied with the deformation degree of 70%. The microstructures during the deformation process were characterized. The deformation mechanism and thixo-forming properties of the semi-solid alloys were analyzed. The results show that the homogeneous and non-dendrite microstructures of semi-solid 6061Al alloy manufactured by near-liquidus casting technology could be transformed into semi-solid state with the microstructure suitable for thixo-forming which are composed of near-spherical grains and liquid phase with eutectic composition through reheating process. The deformation temperature and strain rate affect the peak stress significantly rather than steady flow stress. The resistance to deformation in semi-solid state decreases with the increase of the deformation temperature and decrease of the strain rate. At steady thixotropic deformation stage, the thixotropic property is uniform, and the main deformation mechanism is the rotating or sliding between the solid particles and the plastic deformation of the solid particles.     

半固态金属铸造的新进展——注射成形

介绍了半固态金属铸造的最新发展趋势-注射成形,它将塑料的注射成形原理应用于半固态金属铸造中,集半固态金属浆料的制备、输送、成形等过程于一体,较好地解决了半固态金属浆料的保存输送和成形控制等问题。通过简述几种半固态金属注射成形工艺方法的原理及特点,试图展示兰固态金属铸造技术工程应用的关键及发展方向。     

原位TiC颗粒含量对近液相线铸造7075铝合金二次加热组织的影响

采用原位反应近液相线铸造法制备具有不同原位TiC颗粒含量的TiC_p/7075铝基复合材料,在7075铝合金固-液两相区间(477～635 ℃)的580和600 ℃进行二次加热并保温20 min,水淬固定其半固态组织,应用Image Pro Plus软件测量平均晶粒尺寸及形状因子,研究原位TiC颗粒含量对该合金二次加热组织的影响.结果表明:当原位TiC颗粒质量分数为0～4.4%时,随着原位TiC颗粒质量分数增加,合金铸态组织直接转变为等轴晶组织,且在二次加热过程中,原位TiC颗粒对晶粒的长大行为具有明显的抑制作用;在相同的二次加热条件下,4.4%TiC_p/7075铝基复合材料的平均晶粒尺寸比7075基体合金的减少30～40 μm,更加适合于半固态触变成形.     

半固态金属铸造的新进展——注射成形

介绍了半固态金属铸造的最新发展趋势———注射成形 ,它将塑料的注射成形原理应用于半固态金属铸造中 ,集半固态金属浆料的制备、输送、成形等过程于一体 ,较好地解决了半固态金属浆料的保存输送和成形控制等问题。通过简述几种半固态金属注射成形工艺方法的原理及特点 ,试图展示半固态金属铸造技术工程应用的关键及发展方向     

Gating and risering in vertical green sand moulds

The high number of successful green sand foundries working with vertical moulding equipment is the best proof of the advantages of this technology. It provides high productivity and accurate positioning of cores. It offers the freedom to design and produce with optimal functioning gating systems to secure good casting quality.

The aim of the paper is to look into new ways of improving this successful casting technology. First a short introduction to the advantages of vertical moulding will be presented.

The next subject is the advantages of utilising casting process simulation to optimise casting layout, gating and risering. Focus is on castings produced in the conventional way as well as on castings that are produced using the newly developed active feeding and active bottom filling technique.

The last subject is to investigate if this new active feeding technique could be used for iron castings too. Experimental casting trials, as well as numerical simulation results, indicate that it is also functioning for iron castings; so the limiting factor will be the availability of robust equipment, which can keep up with the very fast vertical moulding machines.     

油管支架双元素注射成型模设计

双元素注射成型技术是将两种不同塑料在同一副模具内进行注射成型的一种新型注射成型工艺。以油管支架为例 ,介绍了双元素注射成型模具的工作原理、模具设计方法、浇注系统的布置及模具制造