基于TRIZ理论的家用吸尘器概念设计

基于TRIZ的概念设计过程模型,总结了基于TRIZ的概念设计思想方法与设计实践中的操作程序.介绍了TRIZ理论中获得创新设计的理想解和技术冲突解决方法,利用这2种方法提出了高级机器人吸尘器的最终概念设计方案.     

TRIZ在产品质量改进中的应用

介绍了TRIZ理论利用矛盾解决矩阵、物质一场分析法进行工程问题解决的流程,把TRIZ技术应用于CQI持续质量改进.运用TRIZ技术和CQI方法对某电子产品在烧结和研磨加工过程出现的质量问题进行分析.对于烧结工序,建立了矛盾矩阵,并根据发明原理确定了可行的方案.对于研磨工序,应用柏拉图,确定了问题的根源,利用物质一场分析法,提出了相应的方案.通过方案的实施,大幅度提高了加工作业的效率和产品合格率.     

基于TRIZ的产品形态创新方法

主要介绍TRIZ创新理论的基本概念、基本内容和形态创新设计的主要内容.分析了TRIZ发明问题解决理论在产品形态创新设计中应用的可行性.提出了将TRIZ理论应用于产品形态创新设计的基本方法,并总结了基于TRIZ的产品形态创新设计的特点.运用实例证明TRIZ创新理论对于产品造型创新设计的作用.     

基于TRIZ理论的纸盒成型机主轴结构的优化设计

目的运用TRIZ理论对纸盒成型机主轴结构进行优化设计。方法利用TRIZ理论的冲突解决原理对纸盒成型机主轴结构进行分析归纳,得到相应的创新设计原理和优化方向,通过分析对比选择最佳的创新原理,以解决设计中的矛盾,并利用TRIZ理论提供的优化方向对主轴结构进行有限元分析。结果通过TRIZ理论得到了纸盒成型机主轴结构的优化方案和方向,利用有限元仿真软件进一步分析得到了纸盒成型机主轴结构的的最大变形为0.1796 mm,通过对纸盒成型机主轴结构最终优化方案的实验验证,得到主轴结构的最大变形为0.18 mm,满足使用要求。结论利用TRIZ理论和有限元相结合的方式为纸盒成型机主轴结构的优化设计提供了一种新的思路,同时也为纸盒成型机主轴结构的进一步优化设计提供了依据。     

基于TRIZ理论的轨检小车机械结构创新设计

目的针对轨检小车机械结构存在的缺陷,应用TRIZ理论进行创新设计。方法按提出的基于TRIZ理论的已有产品的改进创新设计框架,对轨检小车的机械结构进行组件分析,建立功能模型,结合轨检小车使用过程中存在的问题和功能分析的结果找到技术系统的薄弱点,应用TRIZ理论方法对功能模型存在的问题进行解决,高效地产生创新方案。结论形成了基于TRIZ理论的已有产品的改进创新设计框架,应用此方法对轨检小车的机械结构进行了创新设计,解决了轨检小车在实际使用中存在的问题。     

基于TRIZ理论的微欧计创新设计

目的从微欧计的结构和工作原理出发,采用先进的TRIZ创新方法理论,对现有的微欧计进行创新设计,达到提高精度和自动化程度、降低控制系统的复杂性的目的。方法采用TRIZ工具的技术矛盾工具,通过查找矛盾矩阵表和应用发明原理解决测量控制方案复杂的技术矛盾。采用物场分析的工具,建立物场模型,找到对应的标准解法,得出自动化程度不高的解决方案。结果通过TRIZ理论的技术矛盾和物场分析理论,实现了微欧计自动量程切换且保证相对误差在±0.1%读数±5个字的标准。结论利用TRIZ理论的矛盾分析理论和物场分析理论能找到产品创新设计方案,使微欧计精度更高,控制系统更简单,制作成本更低,自动化程度更高。     

基于TRIZ理论的公共扶手消毒装置设计

目的 解决目前公共扶手消毒设备自动化程度低且需要人力操作的问题.方法 首先对现有公共扶手消毒设备进行调研分析,找出存在的缺陷与问题;然后利用TRIZ理论中的功能分析、因果分析法进行分析,归纳出根本问题;最后利用物理矛盾、物场分析法、ARIZ算法工具找到问题的最终解,并形成最优解决方案.结果 运用TRIZ工具解决问题,设计出一款能够自主通过公共扶手上的障碍部分,实现无接触式全自动公共扶手消毒设备.结论 方案解决了目前公共扶手消毒设备存在的诸多问题,为TRIZ理论在解决实际问题中的应用提供思路和参考.     

基于TRIZ理论的输送带断带保护装置创新设计

目的 在运输物品过程中,输送带因长时间使用可能会发生断裂现象,目前断带保护装置无法及时进行保护,因此需要对断带保护装置进行改进。方法 应用TRIZ理论中的功能模型分析和因果链分析方法对整个系统进行分析,应用76条标准解、发明原理和分离原理等工具解决问题。结果 基于TRIZ理论对问题进行求解,得到了新型输送带断带保护装置的结构方案,该方案可以有效缩短断带保护所需时间,有效提高断带保护的精准性,从而保护生命财产的安全。结论 通过TRIZ理论对输送带断带保护装置进行创新设计,使新型输送带断带保护装置达到了快速反应、制动精准和结构简单的要求。     

公理化设计理论与TRIZ集成的设计方法研究

公理化设计理论与TRIZ在产品设计开发中都有其优势及局限性。公理设计在系统性地生成概念初始方案方面有优势,TRIZ在解决设计中出现的冲突方面有优势。提出了集成公理化设计理论与TRIZ解决设计问题的一种方法。首先应用公理设计理论形成设计的概念初始方案;其次分析所得设计方案中可能存在的冲突,并分清冲突的类型是物理冲突还是技术冲突;然后对不同的冲突采用相应的冲突解决原理来解决;最后重新设计新的设计参数来消除冲突。通过液压修井机设计实例说明了这种方法的有效性。     

振动载荷下鸡蛋缓冲包装有限元分析

目的 利用发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)对高速套袋机的移外袋装置进行优化,使移外袋装置能够将外袋准确地移动到指定位置。方法 首先利用TRIZ理论对移外袋装置的系统进行组件分析,并确定他们之间的相互关系,建立组件模型图;再根据因果链分析对初始问题进行全面深入的分析,找到隐藏于初始问题背后的深层次的缺点,最后利用TRIZ理论中的技术矛盾、技术系统进化和物场模型寻找解题思路。结果 利用TRIZ理论中的矛盾矩阵、标准解工具为移外袋装置获得了5种新的解决方案。 结论 利用TRIZ理论为移外袋装置的优化提供了新的思路,并且将获得的方案运用到实际样机中,解决了移外袋装置不能将外袋准确移动到指定位置的问题。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．