应用红曲生产牛栏山二锅头基酒的研究

从红曲的分离方法、红曲米的培养、红曲米在酒醅发酵中的应用、红曲强化基酒的生产工艺几方面研究红曲在牛栏山二锅头基酒中的应用,针对不同生产季节,不同酿酒工艺进行不同批次的重复性实验.生产实验结果表明,红曲基酒的最佳生产时间为每年的1～5月,最佳生产工艺为清蒸清<米查>工艺,通过人工强化添加红曲生产的基酒清香纯正,乙酸乙酯香气突出,酒体丰满协调,为优质基酒.     

酯化红曲在浓香型白酒生产中的应用及实例

主要介绍酯化红曲在浓香型基酒生产中的应用,通过诸多厂家的生产实验,分析总结实验数据.得出酯化红曲强化基酒生产的最佳工艺条件.     

酯化红曲在浓香型白酒生产中的应用

红曲霉胞外脂酶具有较强催化己酸乙酯合成的能力,为了更进一步探讨多维发酵的有效途径,重庆诗仙太白酒业在普通窖、双轮窖、半年窖发酵粮糟中加入酯化红曲,进行生产应用试验研究。结果表明,酯化红曲的应用使基酒中己酸乙酯的含量提高0.35～0.58 g/L,综合优级品率提高21%～25%,提高优质酒率效果明显,其经济效益显著。     

红曲与酵母共培养对红曲菌产酯的影响

主要研究酵母对红曲产乙酸乙酯能力的影响,6株红曲单菌株液体培养乙酸乙酯产量大小关系为M4>M5>M3>M1>M2>M6;红曲、酿酒酵母Y001和生香酵母Y005液体共培养,乙酸乙酯产量大小关系为M5>M1>M2>M3>M4>M6;结果表明,与酿酒酵母、生香酵母共培养对红曲乙酸乙酯产量影响较大。应用到酿酒生产中,发现3种微生物混合菌种强化发酵的基酒中乙酸乙酯含量比普通基酒有较大提高。品评结果表明,添加混合菌强化发酵的基酒在香气、口味上均有改善。     

多微麸曲清香型调味酒的研制

从清香大曲及酒醅中筛选出13株酿酒微生物,采取单独培养将其制作成麸曲,按照适当比例代替大曲与原料混合,入池发酵,蒸馏摘酒.结果表明,在制作调味酒时,多微麸曲在酿酒生产上可部分甚至全部代替大曲,麸曲基酒的质量可达到甚至超过大曲基酒;经过添加特定菌种,采取特殊工艺,所得基酒的总酸、总酯含量得到了明显提高;出酒率和优质酒率也得到一定提高.     

酯化红曲在浓香型白酒生产度夏压排中的应用研究

研究利用1年新窖和12年成熟窖,在度夏压排时和压排后的粮醅中添加和不添加酯化红曲,比较分析其对糟醅、出酒率、优级酒率、基酒的风味成分、后续发酵酒醅的影响.结果表明,在度夏压排的粮醅中添加酯化红曲,1年新窖池的出酒率提高1.23%,优级酒率提高1.80%;12年老窖池的出酒率下降1.27%,优级酒率提高3.60%;在度夏压排后的粮醅中添加酯化红曲,1年新窖池的出酒率微降0.80%,优级酒率提高2.20%;12年老窖池的出酒率微降0.84%,优级酒率提高4.10%.在度夏后第一排添加酯化红曲,试验组基酒的己酸乙酯提高9%～16%.风味成分显著改善,更趋平衡协调;并对后续酒醅的发酵出好酒有良好的促进作用,有明显的"增己降乳"效果.     

地衣芽孢杆菌在牛栏山二锅头基酒生产中的应用

牛栏山酒厂从生产用大曲中分离、纯化得到地衣芽孢杆菌,用液体菌种做种子制成麸曲添加到酒醅中发酵生产二锅头基酒.与普通基酒相比,地衣芽孢杆菌基酒乙酸乙酯含量提高,乳酸乙酯含量降低.酒体协调、自然.地表芽孢杆菌的应用为提高牛栏山二锅头基酒质量提供了良好的途径.     

富硒大米酿酒的研究

用富硒大米代替普通大米酿造特香型基酒,达到提高基酒质量和基酒中硒含量的目的。结果表明,仅用富硒大米酿造蒸馏酒不能提高白酒中的硒含量,也不能较大幅度地提高基酒的质量。     

绿茶提取物对红曲黄酒陈酿品质及寒热性的影响

为温和型红曲黄酒新产品的研制提供理论依据和技术支持。在红曲黄酒初酿酒中添加凉性植物配料绿茶提取物共陈酿,研究其对红曲黄酒陈酿品质及寒热性的影响。在初酿酒中添加绿茶提取物共陈酿可提高红曲黄酒的总酯、总酚含量,提高红曲黄酒总酯生成率,丰富红曲黄酒的风味复杂性;可延缓红曲黄酒的红色色素的降解,使陈酿12个月的红曲黄酒仍能保持红棕色;还可降低红曲黄酒的寒热性,提高红曲黄酒的品质。适宜的绿茶提取物添加量为质量分数3.0%,陈酿12个月后的黄酒总酯含量较传统工艺的黄酒上升107.30%,总酯增加率提高4.23个百分比,总酚含量提高158.53%,红色色价提高106.27%,寒热指数下降32.43%,差异均达极显著水平(P0.01)。酿造的红曲黄酒新产品物性温和、口感柔和、风味独特,且不失红曲黄酒典型性风格。     

试论红曲霉在传统白酒中的生产与应用

在传统白酒中,以己酸乙酯为主的酯类成分,对酒质的等级有较为明显的影响.相比于目前广泛使用的乙酸菌、红曲霉菌可以促使己酸、乙醇进行酯化反应,生成己酸乙酯,因此对白酒提质有良好效果.从斜面培养、扩大培养等方面,介绍了制作红曲霉的工艺流程,随后采用对比法,分析了红曲霉菌对于基酒中总酸、总酯、出酒率以及己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯等各类...     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

脂质体在食品中的应用及体外消化研究进展

脂质体是由双亲性物质如磷脂组成的内部为水相、具有类细胞膜结构的双分子层闭合囊泡,因其具有保护、运载、靶向和缓释等特点,目前已在食品营养、医药、化妆品、农业等领域表现出极大的应用潜能。本文简要介绍了脂质体的性质及特点,重点综述了脂质体在脂类、抗氧化剂、酶与蛋白质以及维生素和矿物质等食品领域的研究及应用,最后概述了脂质体作为食品营养因子运载体系在模拟体外胃和肠道消化的研究进展。