陶瓷抗菌剂及其应用

本文主要介绍了载银沸石抗菌剂、载银磷酸钙抗菌剂、氧化钛光催化抗菌剂的抗菌性能及在聚酯纤维布、聚乙烯薄膜和聚丙烯塑料中的应用试验情况。     

羟基磷灰石抗菌剂的研究

采用离子溶液反应法,制得羟基磷灰石抗菌剂.利用原子吸收光谱研究了不同制备条件对羟基磷灰石载持银离子性能的影响.通过X射线和红外光谱2种分析测试手段,从不同角度对羟基磷灰石抗菌剂结构进行了研究.经自然落菌实验,对未煅烧的羟基磷灰石抗菌剂的抗菌力与经过煅烧处理的羟基磷灰石抗菌剂的抗菌力进行了比较.     

羟基磷灰石抗菌剂的研究

采用正交设计方法,以羟基磷灰石作为载体,银离子和铈离子作为抗菌离子,采用离子交换方法制备羟基磷灰石抗菌剂,考察了硝酸银浓度、反应时间、反应温度和硝酸铈浓度等因素.运用X射线衍射谱研究了影响羟基磷灰石抗菌剂的微观结构;运用抑菌圈法表征所制备的抗菌剂的抗菌性能.研究表明:硝酸银浓度为0.2 mol/L、反应温度为30℃、反应时间为3 h和硝酸铈浓度为0.01 mol/L时对羟基磷灰石抗菌效果最好.     

白炭黑载锌无机抗菌剂制备与性能研究

以白炭黑(无定型SiO2)为载体,采用水浴加热搅拌法,通过白炭黑负载Zn2+制备抗菌剂前驱体和前驱体焙烧固化制备了白炭黑载锌无机抗菌剂,并将其在涂料中添加制备了抗菌涂料.对Zn2+浓度、白炭黑固含量、混合液pH值、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等抗菌剂制备条件进行了试验考察和优化,对白炭黑载锌无机抗菌剂和抗菌涂料性能进行了测试表征.结果表明,白炭黑载锌无机抗菌剂和抗菌涂料均具有良好的抑菌性,其中,白炭黑载锌无机抗菌剂最小抑菌浓度为:对大肠杆菌19 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌6 mg/mL;添加8wt%白炭黑载锌无机抗菌剂涂料抗菌率为:对大肠杆菌90.48%,对金黄色葡萄球菌98.77%.     

耐高温抗变色无机抗菌防霉剂在塑料中的应用研究

本研究研制出以亚微米和纳米级带有少量氧化钙的羟基磷灰石为载体,以银离子为主要活性成分,并含有锌离子的无机抗菌防霉剂。该抗菌剂具有国际领先水平。它具有耐高温、抗变色、高抗菌效率、长寿命的特点。加到塑料中有“露头”的抗菌剂颗粒,保证了抗菌塑料的抗菌性能。     

新型抗菌涂料的应用研究

介绍了通过共沉淀和离子交换的方法,将钛和锌离子共掺杂在羟基磷灰石上而制得的新型抗茵剂,并研究了其对涂料抗菌性的影响及其作用机理.试验结果表明:新型抗茵剂既具有良好的抗菌性能,又不影响涂料的其他性能.     

磷灰石在抗菌材料中的应用

阐述了载银磷灰石抗菌剂与羟基磷灰石-纳米二氧化钛复合抗菌剂的结构、抗菌性能以及制备工艺,并对相关技术的发展前景进行了探讨。     

新型高效抗菌粉末涂料的研究

针对抗菌涂料在不同使用环境和高效抗菌性能的要求,从抗菌粉末涂料机理出发,研究了不同抗菌剂在不同工艺下制备的抗菌粉末涂层抗菌效果,并研究了不同抗菌剂在耐水洗涤、耐水煮、耐高温、耐紫外光照试验下对粉末涂层抗菌效果、光泽、色差的影响;同时研究了抗菌剂及其用量对涂层性能的影响。结果表明：添加带玻璃网状结构的银离子与锌离子复配的抗菌剂抗菌效果最佳;内挤搭配外混加入方式的粉末涂层的抗菌性能优异;得到的涂层在高温处理、水洗处理等条件下也具有良好的抗菌性能。选择含有玻璃网状结构的银离子的抗菌剂,涂层中的玻璃网状结构载体能缓慢地释放银离子,保证涂层的长效抗菌性能。     

光催化型金属氧化物抗菌剂的研究进展

随着人们对健康的重视程度越来越高，尤其是近几年受到新冠疫情的冲击，抗菌材料的研究和应用逐渐成为研究的热点。在材料中添加抗菌剂是最常见、最简便有效的加工方法。抗菌剂的活性对抗菌材料的效果和使用产生很大的影响。光催化型金属氧化物抗菌剂具有抗菌效果高、持效性强等优势。本文阐述了光催化型金属氧化物抗菌剂的抗菌机理、种类及应用，重点介绍了无机抗菌剂中的金属氧化物及掺杂型金属氧化物光催化抗菌剂的研究现状及目前存在的问题，展望了未来光催化型金属氧化物抗菌剂的应用前景和研究方向。     

新型复合抗菌陶瓷的研制与性能评价

抗菌陶瓷是具有杀菌、抑菌功能的陶瓷材料,金属离子与T iO2光催化抗菌材料都是良好的抗菌剂,但过去抗菌材料中的抗菌剂一般只有一种,本文论述了将两种抗菌剂复合在一起制作抗菌性能更好的抗菌陶瓷的研制过程,并对抗菌效果进行了测试,取得了很好的效果。     

纳米Cu-TiO2在亲水涂料中的耐老化和抗菌性能研究

通过光催化还原的方法制备了纳米铜基二氧化钛(Cu-TiO2)抗菌剂。使用浸涂方法将素铝箔基片涂敷上含1.4%抗菌剂的面漆抗菌涂层。对抗菌涂层进行加速老化处理,采用接触角仪、金相显微镜、体视显微镜、抗菌实验等测定涂层老化前后的接触角、表面形貌以及抗菌性能的变化。结果表明:含1.4%抗菌剂的抗菌涂层具有优秀的杀菌性能、亲水性能和耐老化性能。老化之前抗菌率达99.9%以上,老化处理后,涂层表面无明显变化,平均抗菌率达到95%以上,同时亲水角保持小于8°。     

Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by electrophoretically deposited titania‐halloysite nanotubes coatings

Two‐component suspensions of titania and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were prepared in ethanol with 0.5 g/L (optimum concentration) of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and different wt% of HNTs. Kinetics of Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) decreased with increasing the HNTs content in suspensions due to their less mobility compared with titania particles. HNTs reinforced the microstructure of coatings and reduced or completely prevented from cracking during drying and heat‐treatment steps. Removal of methylene blue (MB) via adsorption by HNTs coatings was faster than its photocatalytic degradation by titania coating. Dispersion of HNTs (up to ≈30 wt%) in the matrix of titania resulted in the synergistic catalytic effect in MB removal. The synergistic effect was because of the shorter traveling distance of MB molecules adsorbed on HNTs toward the photocatalytic active site of titania particles in composite coatings. However, the synergistic effect was destroyed with increasing the HNTs content in coating. Difference between the amount of MB removed by titania and composite coatings increased at longer times (≥60 minutes). Mass transfer of MB adsorbed on HNTs toward the photocatalytic active sites of adjacent titania particles can compensate the decline in the mass transfer from solution at longer times.     

沸石负载TiO2的光催化性能

以钛酸正丁酯和沸石为主要原料，采用溶胶-浸渍法制备出负载型纳米TiO₂/沸石催化剂。对亚甲基蓝模拟废水进行了光催化降解研究。分析比较了负载与非负载TiO₂降解效果的差异。探讨了pH对光催化降解率的影响。用FT-IR进行了结构表征。对催化剂进行了回收再生试验。结果表明，沸石负载的TiO₂光催化剂具有良好的光催化活性、不易失活及可再生性，TiO₂最佳负载量为2.98%。     

金属基抗菌涂层发展现状

对金属材料表面有机抗菌涂层、无机抗菌涂层(包括金属离子型抗菌涂层和光催化剂型抗菌涂层)以及复合抗菌涂层等进行了论述.综述了国内外抗菌涂层的研究现状,指出其发展趋势.     

Promoting Photocatalytic Cleaning Efficiency of Textile Finishing Solutions with Nanoboron as a p-Type Dopant

Boron is a commonly used p-type dopant for semiconductor and photonic applications. In this study, standard photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO₂) particles were doped with nanosized boron particles and coated on textiles to bring the photocatalytic light intensity closer to the visible light range. Boron/titania nanoparticle composites were initially prepared in DI water solutions and studied for their photocatalytic response through a statistical central composite design. To determine the most effective titania and nanoboron particle blend for photocatalytic textile coating, absorbance and stain bleach analyses were performed by UV light exposure. The performance of the composite particles at the optimal concentration has also been evaluated in the finishing solution and compared with the performances of the pure titania particles. It was found that the textiles coated with 0.08 wt% anatase doped with 0.16 wt% nanoboron as a p-type dopant provided improvement in self-cleaning ability under the visible light range in the DI water environment. Energy band gap calculations further verified the nanoboron-doped titania blend to have a lower energy barrier as compared with the 0.1 wt% anatase in agreement with the photocatalytic activity improvements. Nanoboron is shown to be a strong candidate as a p-type dopant to titania for photocatalytic textile coatings.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of nitrogen oxide over titania–zeolite composite catalyst to remove nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere

The photooxidation of NO with oxygen over Hycom TiO₂ and zeolite (A and Y form zeolite: TiO₂-AZ and TiO₂-YZ) composite catalysts was studied to remove NO_x in the atmosphere. The photocatalytic oxidation activity of the titania in the composite catalyst in a proportion of AZ:TiO₂=3:7 is about three times larger than that in the bare titania. The adsorption behaviors of NO and NO₂ for the bare titania sample obey Langmuir adsorption equations of NO and NO₂, respectively. In the titania–zeolite composite catalysts, the adsorption data indicate the increase in the amount of NO adsorption on the TiO₂ phase and the decrease in the amount of NO₂ adsorption, compared with the bare titania. The acceleration of NO photooxidation rate, resulting from the increase in the amount of NO adsorbed and the decrease in the amount of NO₂ adsorbed, thus occurs on the TiO₂ phase. IR spectra, when irradiating the catalysts with UV, showed the immediate formation of nitrate and NO₂ species on the catalyst. The results lead to the conclusion that the zeolites promote the photocatalytic oxidation of NO over the titania.     

Lowering of Preparation Temperatures of Anatase Nanocrystals-Dispersed Coatings via Sol–Gel Process with Hot Water Treatment

A longer period of time was necessary to form anatase nanocrystals on silica–titania gel coatings at lower hot water treatment temperature, whereas considerable amounts of anatase nanocrystals were observed even at 38°C after a treatment of 65 h. The coatings pre-heated at 60°C for 1 h and treated with hot water at 55°C for 15 h showed higher photocatalytic activity for methylene blue bleaching than the coatings prepared under the conditions with higher processing temperature close to 100°C. Such a high photocatalytic activity of the coatings obtained through low processing temperatures can be ascribed to a large specific surface area of the coatings and a smaller crystal size of the precipitated anatase.     

Electrophoretic deposition of fiber hydroxyapatite/titania nanocomposite coatings

Hydroxyapatite/titania nanocomposite coatings were electrophoretically deposited from ethanolic suspensions of titania and fiber shaped hydroxyapatite (FHA) nanoparticles. Triethanolamine (TEA) was used to enhance the colloidal stability of particles in suspensions. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was performed using the suspensions with different concentrations (wt%) of titania/FHA particles. EPD rate decreased more rapidly with time for suspensions with higher wt% of FHA due to the higher voltage drop over the deposits shaped from them. Stacking of long FHA particles on the substrate during EPD resulted in the formation of coarse pores in the deposits. It was found that titania nanoparticles can more efficiently infiltrate through and fill the pores in TEA containing suspensions due to the stronger electrostatic repulsion force between pore walls (FHA) and titania nanoparticles in them. The coatings deposited from the suspensions with 50 wt% of FHA or more did not crack during drying due to the significant reinforcement action provided by high wt% of FHA in them. Nanocomposite coatings deposited from TEA containing (2 mL/L) suspensions with 50 and 75 wt% of FHA had the best corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution due to their crack-free microstructure and efficiently filled pores.     

抗菌涂料的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了抗菌涂料的发展现状,对添加型抗菌涂料中应用的各种抗菌剂进行了综述,讨论了不同抗菌剂在抗菌涂料应用中的优劣;同时对结构性抗菌涂料的研究现状进行了简述,指出结构性抗菌涂料的发展将是未来抗菌涂料开发研究的重点。