Shape controlled synthesis and tribological properties of CeVO_4 nanoparticles as lubricating additive

Shape controlled structure of CeVO4 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method from Na3VO4·12H2O and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O. The resulting products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM) and other techniques. On the basis of the experimental results, CeVO4 nanoparticles exhibited the crystal tetragonal structure and the pH value of solu-tion had an important effect on the crystal structure and morphology of CeVO4 nanoparticles. Furthermore, the tribological properties of CeVO4 nanoparticles as additives in liquid paraffin were evaluated on a four-ball tester. The results indicated that the wear resistance was im-proved by the additive CeVO4 nanoparticles which exhibited very good antiwear and friction reduction performance in wear.     

Upconversion Luminescence of YLiF4 :Er3+ Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method

YLiF4: Er3 was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Concentration of Er3 is changed from 0 to 5 %. The absorption of Er3 in all samples from 200 to 1200 nm was measured at room temperature. The J-O parameters calculated from absorption spectrum areΩ 2 = 1.05 × 10- 20 cm2, Ω4 = 1.25 × 10- 20 cm2 andΩ6 = 1.35 × 10- 20 cm2. Infrared-to-visible upconversion emission of YLiF4: Er3 was observed when excited by 980 nm. The results show that the Er3 content is less than 1.5 %, excite-state absorption is the main mechanism of upconversion emission. When Er3 content is larger than 1.5 %, both of the excite-state absorption and energy transfer lead to the upconversion luminescence. The upconversion intensity was enhanced with the increasing of Er3 concentration. At room temperature, the lifetime of 2H11/2 and 4S3/2is 205μs while that of 4F9/2 is 188μs for sample Er-2. The transition rates and quantum efficiency were also calculated.The quantum efficiencies of 4S3/2 and 4F9/2 are 27.9% and 10.7%, respectively.     

高压水热合成法制备纳米Co_3O_4粉末及其过程机理

以Co(At)2·4H2O为原料,采用高压水热合成法,于氧分压4 MPa、200℃下水热反应20 h制备纳米氧化钻粉末.采用比表面积分析仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等对产物进行分析和表征.结果表明,产物为单一相成分的立方相尖晶石结构Co3O4,比表面积平均粒径为52.7 nm,具有球形形貌特征.Co3O4的高压水热合成机理是钴离子水解产物中部分Co2+的羟基配合物被氧化成Co2+的羟基配合物,形成[Co(OH)4]2-与[Co(OH)6]3-配位多面体生长基元,随后生长基元通过缩聚反应形成近程有序的Co3O4原子团.Ac-的表面吸附有效地阻碍了Co3O4的各向异性生长与连续晶粒长大.     

Preparation and Luminescence Properties of Y2O3:Eu3+ Nanorods via Post Annealing Process

Yttrium oxide doped with europium has a great prospective for FED and PDP phosphor application. In present study, the precursor of yttrium oxide hydroxide nitrate nanorod, which was prepared via hydrothermal reaction route using PEG-6000 as template from the starting Y(NO3)3 and KOH reactant system, was used to prepare Y2O3:Eu3 nanorod via a post annealing process during which the precursor with adjustable shape and size was transformed to final Y2O3:Eu3 product. XRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and photoluminescence spectra (PL) were used to characterize the crystalline, morphology and luminescence properties of as-formed Y2O3:Eu3 products synthesized at different post annealing temperatures, respectively. The results indicate that grain morphology of obtained Y2O3:Eu3 product was nanorod with a mean diameter of about 40～60 nm and length of about 500～700 nm, the nanorod structure and morphology of obtained Y2O3:Eu3 product maintained during post annealing process and the size varied slightly with different annealing temperatures. Pure cubic Y2O3:Eu3 phase was formed and the size was the smallest at annealing treatment of 500 ℃. Under the annealing temperature below 500 ℃ its diameter increased with increasing annealing temperature, and remained in a stable size when the annealing temperature was above 500 ℃. The PL spectra of excitation spectra of Y2O3:Eu3 product show that it exhibits excitation band located at about 395 and 468 nm, respectively. Above two excitation bands could be ascribed to the transition 4f-4f of Eu3 ions in the Y2O3 host. On the other hand, the main emission peaks of the as-prepared products could be ascribed to the Eu3 ions transition from 5D0 to 7F2. Furthermore, the luminescent intensity was improved about three times when the annealing temperature increased from 500 to 1000 ℃.     

超/亚临界水热合成LiFePO4材料及其电化学性能

利用间歇式高温高压水热设备在超临界和亚临界条件下合成纯度高、结晶度好的亚微米级LiFePO4颗粒,通过XRD、SEM、充放电测试对LiFePO4的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征,并考查反应温度、压力和3种模板剂对制备的LiFePO4材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响。结果表明温度和压力的升高有利于合成较小粒径、均一分布的颗粒,以PVP作为模板剂得到的样品性能最佳,制备的LiFePO4颗粒粒径为200～600 nm,0.1 C和1 C倍率下的首次放电比容量分别为141.2 mAh/g和113.6 mAh/g,1C倍率下循环100次,其容量保持率为96.0%,制备的材料具有优异的倍率性能。     

A novel synthesis method and up-conversion properties of hexagonal-phase NaYF4:Er nano-crystals

A novel synthesis method for hexagonal(β)-phase NaYF4:Er nano-crystals(NCs)which showed up-conversion(UC)from infrared to visible spectral region was developed.The NaYF4:Er NCs were synthesized in oleic acid(OA)and 1-octadecene(ODE)with Y2(CO3)3· xH2O,Er2(CO3)3· xH2O,Na2CO3 and NH4F as precursors.This proposed method was simple and less toxic compared with generally used method so far.The XRD results showed that the molar ratio of OA/ODE and the temperature were key factors for phase control of NaYF4:Er NCs.The UC emission spectra were obtained with the emission wavelength at about 980 nm(4I11/2→4I15/2),800 nm(4I9/2→4I15/2),660 nm(4F9/2→4I15/2)and 540 nm(4S3/2→4I15/2)from Er3+ ions,by excitation wavelength of 1550 nm.The slope values,n,in the pump-power dependence,showed that the emission at 980 and 800 nm were generated by 2-step UC and at 660 nm and 540 nm were 3-step UC.The optical process for the UC excitation was discussed.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescent properties of Li_xEu_xSr_（1-2x）MoO_4 red phosphor

LixEuxSr1-2xMoO4 red phosphors were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method with various reaction time and ion contents of Eu3+ and Li+.As-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermogravimetry(TG),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and fluorescence spectrophotometry.The XRD results revealed the formation of scheelite-like phosphor structures.The excitation spectra indicated the presence of two main excitation peaks located at 396 and 466 nm,suggesting that t...     

不同沉淀剂水热法制备氧化锌研究

以硝酸锌为锌源,氨水、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠为沉淀剂,利用水热法制备了氧化锌。研究了不同沉淀剂得到的相应前驱体及其水热产物晶体生长规律,借助X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜对产物进行了表征。结果表明,以碳酸钠为沉淀剂生成的前驱体经水热得到的是碱式碳酸锌,而以氨水、氢氧化钠为沉淀剂生成的前驱体通过水热可以得到氧化锌。其晶体生长规律分别符合不同的线性关系,并具有不同的产物形貌。     

Hydrothermal synthesis,structure study and luminescent properties of YbPO₄:Tb³⁺ nanoparticles

YbPO4:Tb3+ were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method.The luminescent properties,morphologies and structure of the obtained powders were characterized by photoluminescence(PL) spectra,FESEM,X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and FTIR.The results showed that the prepared YbPO4:Tb3+ nanoparticles were pure tetragonal phase and the average grain size varied with increasing of Tb3+ concentration.Hydrothermal temperature was revealed to be the key factor to enhance the emission intensity of YbPO4:Tb3+ phosphors.The spherical nanoparticles could be effectively excited by near UV(369 nm) light and exhibited green performance at 543 nm(5D4→7F5),489 nm(5D4→7F6) and 586 nm(5D4→7F4).The CIE chromaticity was calculated to be x=0.298,y=0.560.The YbPO4:Tb3+ nanoparticles exhibited potential to act as UV absorber for solar cells to enhance the conversion efficiency.     

Synthesis of LaPO4:Ce, Terbium by Co-Precipitation Method

The synthesis of precursor of green phosphors, LaPO4:Ce, Tb, by means of co-precipitation with cocurrent flow feed was studied. The effects of the reaction temperature, the kind and concentration of the acid in the bottom water, and the charging rate on the physical properties, such as particle size, were investigated. It is found that the particle size of the powder is controllable by adjusting acidity in bottom water and charging rate. The powder with diameter size of 3 to 5 μm was obtained. Its XRD and SEM were analyzed. XRD patterns of the as-prepared green phosphor powders display the typical peaks of CePO4. SEM shows that the morphology of powders is ball-shaped.     

La-doped SnO₂:synthesis and its electrochemical property

Tin dioxide(SnO2) and La-doped(1%,5%,10% in mass ratio) SnO2 samples were prepared via a hydrothermal method. The as-prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) . Results showed that the particle size of SnO2 decreased gradually with the increase of the doped La element. When used as anode materials of Li ion battery,the La-doped samples exhibited better cycling performance than the pure SnO2,and the cycling performance of the La-doped samples got better and better with the increase of the doped La. The better electrochemical performance of the doped material could be attributed to the doping of La element,which not only enabled SnO2 powders to have a good dispersivity but also reduced their particle size.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of BaWO4：Pr^3＋ microcrystal

BaWO4:Pr3+ (hereafter BWO:Pr) microcrystals were prepared via a hydrothermal route, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra. The as-prepared products with different morphologies of egg-shape rod, olive-like, and quasi-sphere were obtained by the addition of the surfactants and chelating agents. The emis-sion spectra of BWO:Pr microcrystals showed the strong red emission (642 nm) assigned to the Pr3+ ions of 3P0→3F2 transition with blue ex-citation (484.6 nm, 3H4→3P0).     

Dependence of Temperature on Upconversion Emission of YLiF4∶Er3+

Intense upconversion emissions of YLiF4∶Er3+ synthesized by hydrothermal method were obtained. The upconversion intensity decreases with the increase of environment temperature. In different temperature, the upconversion mechanism is different. At room temperature, the green upconversion mechanism is the combination of two-photon process and three-photon process, and the red upconversion mechanism is two-photon process.     

Synthesis and upconversion luminescence properties of NaYF4：yb^3＋/Er^3＋ microspheres

Cubic NaYF4:yb3+(20%)/Er3+(1%) microspheres were synthesized by EDTA-assisted hydrothermal method. Under 980 nm exci-tation, ultraviolet (4G11/2→4I15/2), violet (2H9/2→4I15/2), grogn (4F7/2→4I15/2, 2H11/2→4I15/2, and 4S3/2→4I15/2), and red (4F9/2→4I15/2) upconversion fluorescence were observed. The number of laser photons absorbed in one upconversion excitation process, n, was determined to be 3.89, 1.61, 2.55, and 1.09 for the ultraviolet, violet, green, and red emissions, respectively. Obviously, n=3.89 indicated that a four-photon process was involved in populating the 4G11/2 state, and n=2.55 indicated that a three-photon process was involved in populating the 4F7/2/2H<11/2>4S3/2 levels. For the violet and red emissions, the population of the states 2H9/2 and 4F9/2 separately came from three-photon and two-photon proc-esses. The decrease of n was well explained by the mechanism of competition between linear decay and upconversion processes for the de-pletion of the intermediate excited states.     

Dependence of Temperature on Upconversion Emission of YLiF4 ：Er3 ＋

Intense upconversion emissions of YLiF4 : Er3 synthesized by hydrothermal method were obtained. The upconversion intensity decreases with the increase of environment temperature. In different temperature, the upconversion mechanism is different. At room temperature, the green upconversion meehanism is the combination of two-photon process and three-photon process, and the red upconversion mechanism is two-nhoton process.     

Structural studies of BaTiO3：Er3＋ and BaTiO3：Yb3＋ powders synthesized by hydrothermal method

Erbium and ytterbium doped barium titanate nanopowders were prepared using the hydrothermal method. A barium titanate structure doped with rare earth ions manifested new characteristics and improved the field of application of optical devices such as trichromatic tubes, LCD displays, lamps, and infrared lasers. In this work, BaTiO3：Er3＋ and BaTiO3：Yb3＋ were prepared using barium chloride [BaCl2], titanium butoxide [C16H36O4Ti], erbium chloride [ErCl3] and ytterbium chloride [YbCl3] as precursors. Anhydrous methanol was employed as a solvent. Metallic potassium was used to promote solubility in the system and increase the pH to 13. This method yielded the formation of a predominantly cubic structure in both Er3＋ and Yb3＋ doped BaTiO3 powders. Characteristic bondings of BaTiO3 were observed with FT-IR spectroscopy. The predominantly cubic structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman analyses. The particle size（～30 nm） was estimated using the Scherrer equation and X-ray diffraction data. The results were presented and discussed.     

低温无模板法制备Tio2空心球及其光电性能

基于Ostwald熟化作用的机理,采用无模板法,在低温水热条件下制备了TiO2空心球（TiO2-HS）。探讨了水热反应时间和表面活性剂的种类对TiO2-HS形貌的影响。在以Ti（SO2）：为钛源,尿素为表面活性剂,180℃水热反应15h后得到了微米级、锐钛矿型的TiO2-HS,比表面积和孔容积分别达到了100．728m2／g、0．270cm3／g,平均吸附孔径为10．718nm。将TiO2-HS应用于染料敏化太阳能电池的光阳极,光电转换效率达到5．48％。表明空心球结构提高了材料的比表面积,增强了光子吸收效率,光电性能得到了很大提高。     

Upconversion Luminescence Properties of Ho^3＋, Tm^3＋, Yb^3＋ Co-Doped Nanocrystal NaYF4 Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method

Nanocrystal of upconversion （UC） phosphor Ho^3＋, Tm^3＋ , and Yb^3＋ co-doped NaYF4 was prepared by the hydrothermal method in the presence of the complexing agent EDTA. Under 980 nm diode laser excitation, the impact of different concentrations of Ho^3＋ ion on the UC luminescence intensity was discussed. The law of luminescence intensity versus pump power shows that the 474 nm blue emission, 538 nm green emission, and 642 nm red emission are all due to the two-photon process, while the 450 nm blue emission is a three-photon process. The UC mechanism and processes were also analyzed. The sample was characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The result shows that Ho^3＋ ,Tm^3＋ , and Yb^3＋ co-doped NaYF4 prepared by the hydrothermal method exhibits a hexagonal nanocrystal.     

Synthesis of rod-like ultrafine K_4Ce_2Nb_(10)O_(30) via a salt-assistant stearic acid method

A salt-assistant stearic acid method (SAM) capable of forming ultrafine K4Ce2Nb10O30 products was described. XRD pattern re-vealed that tetragonal K4Ce2Nb10O30 products could be obtained by heat treatment at 900 ℃ for 2 h. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicated the introduction of KCl could lead to the formation of rod-like K4Ce2Nb10O30 products. The species of salts played a crucial role in fine tuning the shapes and sizes of K4Ce2Nb10O30 products. Furthermore, the K4Ce2Nb10O30 prepa...     

Synthesis and characterization of core/shell structured nanophosphors CePO_4:Tb@LaPO_4 by solvothermal method

Core/shell structured CePO4:Tb(III) @LaPO4 and CePO4:Tb(III) were successfully synthesized in tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate(TEHP) and diethylene glycol(DEG) solvents for comparison of the two techniques in open air and closed reaction vessel.Morphology and crystal structure of the core/shell nanophosphors were determined by using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) ,which showed that nanophosphors had diameter of about 5-10 nm with the monoclinic monazite phase.The nanophosphors ...