A study on ligno‐cellulosic fabric Hardwikia binata

A naturally occurring fabric belonging to the species Hardwikia binata was extracted from the sheath of stem, bark, and branches of the tree. The fabric specimens were treated with sodium hydroxide and poly (vinyl alcohol). The morphology of the fabric specimens before and after NaOH treatment was studied using scanning electron microscopy technique. Ligno‐cellulosic properties of fabric were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and thermo gravimetric methods before and after NaOH treatment. Tensile strength and percentage of elongation at break of the fabric were also studied by using a universal testing machine (model AGS‐10kNG). The results showed that the poly (vinyl alcohol)‐treated fabric specimens showed higher tensile strength than sodium hydroxide‐treated fabric specimens. The Binata fabric has good thermal resistance and was also found to increase by alkali treatment. The FTIR method indicates lowering the hemi cellulose and lignin content by alkali treatment in the fabric. Further, the X‐ray diffraction studies revealed an increase in crystallinity of the fabric by alkali treatment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

氮化硼/碳纤维复合织物的性能研究

将氮化硼粉末负载于碳纤维织物上,用扫描电镜和紫外分光光度计观察和测试了氮化硼/碳纤维复合织物的表面形貌和紫外漫反射性能。结果显示:有大量氮化硼负载于碳纤维织物上;在250～600 nm波长范围,氮化硼/碳纤维复合织物的紫外漫反射性能比纯碳纤维织物的更好。用网络分析仪测试了氮化硼/碳纤维复合织物的电磁屏蔽性能,发现负载了氮化硼的碳纤维织物的电磁屏蔽性能略弱于纯碳纤维织物。     

Fabric impregnated with TiO2 gel with self-cleaning property

Cotton fabric decorated with TiO₂ synthesized by sol-gel approach was investigated as a self-cleaning material depending on the TiO₂ loading (1.5 wt% in the case of single layered fabric and 3 wt% in the case of double layered). The materials were investigated by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and photoactivity. The self-cleaning property was established by determining the amount of the coated dust, the elemental composition, the carbon content, the opacity, and the water contact angle. The self-cleaning property of the impregnated fabric was accentuated by TiO₂ loading. The dust deposited on the single layer fabric stored inside was 3.8 wt% lower than on the nonimpregnated fabric and that deposited on double layer fabric, respectively, was reduced by 9.1 wt%. The decrease in the deposited dust was more accentuated for the samples stored outside (4.2 wt% for the single layer fabric and 16 wt% for the double layer fabric, as compared with the nonimpregnated textile).     

镀铜碳纤维布的制备及性能研究

为制备新型毫米波无源干扰材料,采用化学镀方法在碳纤维布表面沉积了金属铜层。测量了优化工艺条件下制得的镀铜碳纤维布的表面电阻,并采用冷热循环法检测了镀层的结合强度,应用雷达散射截面(RCS)测试系统测试了同样尺寸的镀铜碳纤维布及未改性碳纤维布的3mm波段RCS值。结果表明:镀铜碳纤维布镀覆均匀,金属光泽强,有良好的镀层结合强度及较强的导电性能。镀铜碳纤维布在3mm波段的RCS值较未改性碳纤维布有很大提高,且与理论计算值接近。     

聚乳酸/废旧天丝织物复合材料

将聚乳酸与新、废旧天丝织物经熔融共混制备聚乳酸/天丝织物复合材料,研究复合材料的力学性能、结晶熔融行为和微观形貌.结果表明:天丝织物以单丝形貌分散在聚乳酸基体中,对聚乳酸有明显的增强效果;当织物含量较高时,拉伸强度提高1倍以上,冲击强度提高2倍以上,因废旧天丝织物的单丝表面粗糙,形成更好的界面粘结,使废旧织物的增强效果优于新织物的;天丝织物还可诱导聚乳酸在110～140℃冷结晶,为退火手段进一步提升力学和耐热性能提供可能.     

超细纤维防静电面料的性能探索

使用涤锦复合超细纤维纱和导电纱为原料,通过织造、染整处理、超净清洗等工艺加工成超细纤维型洁净防静电面料,并与同组织结构、同经纬密度的常规型涤纶防静电面料进行了面料规格、服用性能、洁净性能和防静电性能的对比与测试,初步分析了涤锦复合超细纤维防静电面料应用于洁净防静电服的优缺点。试验结果显示:超细纤维防静电面料更适宜作为高级洁净室用防静电服装的面料。     

镀银碳纤维布的制备及其毫米波RCS特性

采用化学镀方法在碳纤维布表面沉积了金属银层.测量了利用优化工艺制得的镀银碳纤维布的表面电阻,并采用冷热循环法对镀层结合强度进行了测试,应用雷达散射截面(RCS)测试系统对同样尺寸的镀银碳纤维布及未改性碳纤维布的毫米波波段RCS值进行了测试.结果表明:得到的镀银碳纤维布镀覆均匀、金属光泽强,有较强的导电性能.镀银碳纤维布在毫米波波段的RCS值较未改性碳纤维布有很大增幅,且与理论值相近.     

改进亚麻纤维轧染染色性能的研究

通过高温条件下尿素对亚麻纤维进行改性,提高了其轧染时的染色性能和染色深度。对改性工艺条件包括尿素溶液的浓度、高温处理温度及时间进行了详细的研究和优化。通过对改性前后对亚麻纤维进行的电子显微镜观察,探讨了改性后的亚麻纤维染色性能提高的原因,并测定了改性前后亚麻纤维力学强度的变化。     

织物柔软剂的发展趋势

综述了家用织物柔软剂用阳离子表面活性剂的发展过程和各种阳离子表面活性剂的性能特点。利用各种阳离子表面活性剂性能上的优缺点, 可以复配出具有一定性能特点的织物柔软剂。同时也介绍了家用织物柔软剂的３ 种主要产品型式的配制和使用性能的优缺点, 展望了织物柔软剂的发展趋势     

Nonwoven Material with Low Density and High Mechanical Strength

An important increase in the mechanical properties of the material is obtained by adding a bicomponent fibre to needle-punch fabric followed by thermostating. The increase in the mechanical properties is due to a decrease in or preservation of the bulk density of the thermostated fabric in comparison to the initial fabric. The result of modifying the structural and mechanical properties of needle-punch fabric is a function of the thermostating conditions.     

负载织物对纳米TiO2光催化剂净化氨气性能的影响

制备了纳米光催化剂悬浮液,借助后整理工艺对3种织物进行负载加工,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等对其进行了表征. 通过自行设计的小型环境舱和光催化反应器重点考察了棉机织物、涤纶机织物和涤/棉混纺机织物对纳米光催化剂净化氨气性能的影响,并比较了在不同负载织物表面上纳米光催化剂的活性. 结果表明,负载纳米光催化剂的棉织物的氨气净化性能高于负载纳米光催化剂的涤纶织物和涤/棉混纺织物的氨气净化性能. 在负载Ag-TiO2光催化剂的条件下,负载涤纶织物和涤/棉混纺织物对氨气的净化性能有所加强.     

Study on friction behavior of fabric–silicone rubber composites under dry/wet sliding environment

The dry/wet environment's effects on the sliding friction properties of fabric–silicone rubber composites are studied, and the wear resistance of polyester fabric is evaluated. The yarn directions of the fabrics (inner and outer) have significant influence on the coefficient of friction (COF) of fabric–silicone rubber composites during sliding friction due to the difference in fabric texture and yarn modulus. The COF's variation laws of fabric–silicone rubber composites under different vertical loads and sliding rates are observed, respectively. Additionally, the outer fabric is more sensitive to the changes of vertical loads than those of the sliding rates under the wet environment, which can be attributed to the destruction of the fabric original structure by high load, resulting in the fabric fibers' pulling and breaking during the steel ball's sliding. This study provides new ideas for the design of fabric–silicone rubber composites applied in friction conditions and complex environments.     

The effect of finishing on the mechanical and thermal properties of wool fabrics. Part1-the properties of piece-dyed fabrics

Changes in the handle-related deformation properties of wool fabric following piece dyeing were found to be related to the set imparted by the dyeing operation, and resulted primarily from dimensional changes in the fabric. When dyeing imparted large amounts of set to the wool, increased contraction during drying resulted in a heavier, more extensible fabric. Inhibiting set by dyeing at low pH, or by dyeing in the presence of an oxidising agent or cross-linker, reduced the effect. Objectively measured fabric surface properties and subjective assessment of smoothness were little affected by the conditions of dyeing and were far more dependent on the dry-finishing method used to set the fabric and, to a lesser extent, on the method used to pre-set the fabric prior to dyeing. The effect of extended dyeing on the mechanical properties of the fabric depended not only on the pH of dyeing but also on the nature of the dyeing machine.     

A study on the thermo-pressing sewing method for prevention of allergen penetration through micropore fabric

Micropore fabrics have been proposed to reduce exposure to house dust mite allergens in the field of environmental management methods. However, there is not an adequate method for verifying allergen impermeability of these micropore fabrics yet. In this study a particle penetration device was developed to test the allergen barrier performance of micropore fabrics against house dust mite allergens. The weight reduction rate of each micropore fabric was measured using the particle penetration device. At the given pressure and 90 seconds, the weight reduction ratio reached 35.6% for 6550 fabric, 13.6% 6560 fabric and 6.8% for 6563 fabric compared to 99.9% of 6060 fabric. In addition, a thermos-pressing sewing method, in which the bonding thread and the stitching portion were pressed using a thermos-pressing device, was proposed. The fabric made by the thermo-pressing sewing method effectively prevented particle penetration compared with the fabric made by the general sewing process.     

磷酸腺苷对蚕丝织物的生物阻燃耐久整理

为了满足对蚕丝织物生态阻燃的需求，以1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺 (EDC)和 N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)为催化剂将磷酸腺苷(AMP)引入蚕丝织物。采用FTIR、SEM、EDS等对改性前后丝织物的化学结构、表面形貌和元素含量进行表征，采用极限氧指数仪、垂直燃烧测试仪、锥形量热仪和热重分析仪对其阻燃性能和热稳定性进行测试，同时对改性前后丝织物的拉伸断裂性能和织物风格等物理机械性能进行测试。结果表明，改性丝织物表面呈现颗粒状覆盖物，且均匀分布着磷元素。改性丝织物增重率达13.3%时，极限氧指数达30.10%，相比于原丝织物失重率降低13.1%，热释放速率降低30.6%，损毁长度减少11.1 cm，并出现明显炭层。经50 次洗涤后，改性丝织物极限氧指数仍能达到25%以上，说明改性丝织物具有较好的耐洗性能。     

Supercool纤维织物的导湿透水性能

以Supercool纤维织物为研究对象,采用杜邦公司滴液法和水分蒸发率法测试织物的导湿及透水性能。结果表明:Supercool织物与棉织物相比,具有优异的导湿和透水性,这与Supercool纤维的特性有关。     

聚苯胺/涤纶导电织物再掺杂及洗涤性能的研究

采用现场吸附聚合法制备了聚苯胺 /涤纶导电织物 ,采用不同种类的酸对其进行再掺杂 ,研究了酸的种类对织物导电性能的影响 ,并对导电织物进行了洗涤实验及洗涤牢度实验。结果表明 :无机酸对导电织物的掺杂效果优于大多数有机酸。导电涤纶织物的导电性能受洗涤液酸碱度的影响 ,其中碱性洗涤液使导电性能降低 2个数量级 ,酸性洗涤液使导电性能下降 1个数量级 ,而且聚苯胺在涤纶织物表面具有良好的附着性     

Aircell纤维织物的吸湿、导湿性能研究

通过对Aircell纤维织物的毛细效应、透湿性和透气性进行测试,并与其他织物选行比较,研究了Aircell纤维织物的吸湿、导湿性能。结果表明：Aircelt纤维织物的毛细高度稍低于竹纤维／棉织物,远高于棉织物和涤纶织物;透湿性稍低于Coolmax混纺织物,远高于棉织物、麻织物和涤纶织物;透气性远远高于涤纶织物,也高于棉织物、天丝织物,因此认为Aircell纤维织物是一种新的吸湿、导湿材料。     

超疏水PET织物的制备及其抗菌性能

纺织物表面的超疏水特性将赋予其优异的自清洁性能。以PET无纺布为基材,探索了利用溶胶-凝胶法在预处理后的PET织物表面构筑具有微纳结构的超疏水涂层的方法;并利用扫描电镜（SEM）、接触角测量仪表征了改性PET织物表面的微观结构和润湿性。进一步地,分别以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为试验菌株,通过细菌转移法和抑菌圈法评价与分析了改性PET织物表面的抗菌性能。研究表明：利用改进的Stöber溶胶-凝胶过程能够在经碱减量法预处理的PET表面原位形成SiO₂纳米粒子;再用含疏水性长链的十二烷基硅烷对这一表面进行改性,并经过表面热处理,就能够成功地在PET织物表面构筑多层次的微/纳结构,从而制得表面具有超疏水特性的PET织物,其接触角可达到163°。这一超疏水PET织物能够抑制细菌在其表面的生长繁殖,表现出了明显的抗菌特性。     

Modification of polyester fabric by chemical/thermal treatment to improve dyeing ability

Attempts were made to enhance the dyeability of polyester fabric by thermal treatment or combined chemical/thermal treatment in hot air or in steam, either slack or under load. Ethanolamine, hydrazine hydrate, ethylene glycol and a benzophenone derivative were applied to the fabric by padding technique prior to the thermal treatment. The dyeability of polyester fabric was found to be improved at nearly boiling without using carriers and/or high‐temperature/high‐pressure techniques. The rate of dyeing of chemically/thermally treated polyester fabric was found to increase. Differential thermal analysis of the polyester samples was interpreted in terms of dyeability improvement. The glass transition temperature of the treated fabric was found to decrease compared with the untreated one, resulting in an enhancement in the dyeability of polyester fabric with disperse dye.