科学营养与运动健身对超重与肥胖的干预

国内外有关肥胖症的相关研究大多都停留在对肥胖症状(单纯性肥胖)产生机制以及肥胖运动治疗的影响因素等研究上。本文综述超重与肥胖的营养干预及运动治疗研究进展,旨在为大众提供一个科学的、合理的、可供参考的、可操作性的营养膳食搭配以及运动减肥负荷量的参考处方。     

超重/肥胖青少年体育锻炼行为促进综合干预的实证研究

目的：探究超重肥胖青少年体育锻炼行为,促进其综合干预发展状况,对于青少年肥胖患者健康状况进行正确的维护。方法：采用随机数字法,将肥胖青少年患者分为运动组和对照组,对两组患者进行不同的干预处理。运动组采用有氧运动+运动习惯等综合干预措施,对其在减肥过程中的身体形态、脂肪含量、肌肉量变化的内容进行实验分析。结果：在干预之后超重与青少年行为形态指标均有显著的意义（P<0.01）。结论：对于超重肥胖青少年而言,应加强体育锻炼,注重心理诱导,改变生活方式,转变家庭氛围。使得其超重现象有所改善,养成青少年健康体质。     

浅析肥胖青少年减肥运动中运动损伤的研究

随着经济的增长和人们的生活水平不断提高,青少年的体力活动越来越少,导致其体质水平下降剧烈,引发肥胖症、三高许多现代文明病,众多疾病的发生己经对青少年的体质健康拉响了警报。其中肥胖青少年体质健康引起人们的特别关注,因此肥胖青少年体质水平下降造成的青少年在减肥运动中出现的运动损伤成为当今的热点问题。     

正确认识减肥慢跑课

随着人们的生活水平的提高,肥胖及超重人群增多。肥胖及肥胖带来的心血管疾病,严重影响其生活和工作的质量,而运动不足是造成肥胖的主要原因之一。上海巅峰体育管理有限公司中的减肥慢跑课,因其良好的减肥效果而受到会员的喜爱。而一堂良好的减肥慢跑课,对教练和会员都有所要求。     

靶向代谢组学技术在营养性疾病研究中的应用

营养性疾病发生是营养素失衡的体现,是体内一类或几类物质代谢异常的结果,尤其是与饮食中脂肪、糖类、蛋白质等密切相关的脂质代谢、糖代谢、氨基酸代谢等。因此,以营养性疾病的代谢物着手,运用靶向代谢组学技术找到丰度改变有统计学意义的内源性代谢物从而探明其代谢异常的机制,是寻找具有针对性的治疗手段的有效方法。本文就肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病等营养性疾病的代谢特征以及靶向代谢组学技术在营养性疾病动物模型和营养干预等研究中的应用进展进行综述,以期为寻找预防营养性疾病的发生的有效途径提供新思路和理论依据。     

瘦身美体从改变观念开始

国外营养学和心理学专家认为，减肥万万不能忽视一个重要因素——心理因素。德国营养专家认为，生活中的肥胖女性仅有20％左右源于遗传因素，带有“肥胖基因”者极少。他们在分析和观察肥胖女性和苗条女性在饮食的行为差异时发现；后者在进食时的心态与前者的心态迥然不同，不良的心态导致其体重增长过多过快。因此，专家们提出，瘦身美体应从改变观：念开始，认为肥胖女性在选择控制饮食等方法纠正肥胖症时，必须确立科学的心理机制，并将其充分运用到减肥实践中。那么，应建立何种心理机制呢？     

茶叶减肥降脂机制研究进展

肥胖是由于食欲调节和能量代谢功能长期紊乱引起的体内脂肪积累.肥胖与多种疾病密切相关,因此寻求高效、安全的减肥药物成为人们的共同愿望.茶叶因其良好的降脂减肥效果,日益引起国内外众多学者的关注.近年来,茶叶减肥机理成为研究的热点,并取得了显著成效.本文综述了最近几年对茶叶残肥作用的机理研究,即茶叶及其组分抑制营养吸收、改善脂质代谢、促进脂肪细胞凋亡和调节肥胖相关基因等方面的研究进展.     

运动膳食干预对肥胖大学生减脂效果实证研究

随着时代的发展,营养素的密集化,大学生超重和肥胖数量占肥胖总人口的20%和28%。超重和肥胖症还会引发一系列身心健康问题,如高血压,糖尿病。所以严格控制大学生超重率和肥胖率是至关重要的,改变不良的生活习惯成了首当其冲的解决方法,例如饮食不当、嗜烟酗酒、运动少等,本研究针对当代大学生的身体状况,通过是否饮食干预,是否运动的对比试验,观察肥胖大学生运动能力和身体素质指数的变化,以30天为一个周期,结果表明,通过饮食运动干预对减脂效果显著。     

胖学生的减肥餐

中小学生肥胖是关系到其以后身体健康的大问题，如果不对肥胖学生采取减肥措施则容易导致其成年后的高血压、高血脂等疾病，但如果只注重减肥效果，而不注意营养的保持，则容易使学生营养不良，以下介绍四道学生减肥食谱，以供肥胖学生家长选用。     

基于体育运动与健康减肥的关系

现代社会人民生活水平的不断提高使得人们的人们的饮食营养条件得到极大改善,同时,科学技术的不断进步,使得大多人工作的的体力支出大大减少,这导致现代人的肥胖问题越来越严重。肥胖除了会给人行动造成不便,也使个人的身体健康受到影响。通过合理的体育运动能够帮助人们实现健康的减肥效果。本文将通过对比分析等方法,阐释体育运动对于健康减肥的重要用,分析二者之间的关系。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Heavy metals in vegetables sold in the local market in Jordan

Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in various vegetables (cabbage, green onion, lettuce, parsley, rocket, spinach, carrot, onion, potato and cauliflower) from the market in Jordan were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.009–0.275 mg kg^?1 wet weight, 0.004–0.060 mg kg^?1, 0.003–0.401 mg kg^?1, 0.105–3.51 mg kg^?1, 0.15–1.15 mg kg^?1, 0.93–14.39 mg kg^?1, 0.044–0.702 mg kg^?1, 0.072–0.289 mg kg^?1 and 2.23–6.65 mg kg^?1, respectively. Parsley, followed by spinach, contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. Onion contained high levels of toxic heavy metals. The content of Cu in parsley and spinach and Pb in onion exceeded the Codex limits. However, the daily intake of heavy metals from the tested vegetables was lower than the maximum limits for allowable intake.