增塑剂对旋转模塑用PVC增塑糊性能的影响

作者对增塑剂种类及用量与旋转模塑用PVC增塑糊性能的关系进行了较为深入的研究,从而为旋转模塑用PVC增塑糊中增塑剂种类及用量的确定提供了有益的参考。     

PVC增塑机理及PVC-增塑剂的相互作用

介绍了PVC增塑剂的增塑机理,即润滑性理论、凝胶理论、自由体积理论和动力学理论,探讨了PVC-增塑剂的相互作用及其强度的预测方法。     

增塑剂对旋转模塑用PVC增塑糊性能的影响

通过增塑剂种类及用量对旋转模塑用聚氯乙烯(PVC)增塑糊粘度及其粘度稳定性、脱气性能、凝胶化性能的影响及温度对凝胶化性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明:选择自身粘度较小且溶剂化能力较弱的增塑剂及随增塑剂用量增加,PVC增塑糊粘度下降、粘度稳定性逐渐变好,有利于PVC增塑糊的排气性能提高,延长PVC增塑糊的凝胶化时间。通过调节加热温度及时间可在一定范围内有效控制凝胶化过程,以期获得制品所需性能。     

生物基甘油酯类增塑剂的合成及增塑性能

以甘油和不同结构脂肪酸（辛酸、2-乙基己酸、戊酸和2-甲基丁酸）为原料，采用直接酯化法制备得到4种不同结构的甘油衍生脂肪酸酯，作为增塑剂用于聚氯乙烯（PVC）。利用FTIR和1HNMR分析增塑剂的结构与纯度，将4种增塑剂塑化的PVC试片与邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己）酯（DEHP）塑化的PVC试片进行对比研究。结果表明，与DEHP塑化的PVC试片比，甘油三戊酸酯PVC试片的断裂伸长率提高了151%；甘油三辛酸酯PVC试片的初始降解温度提高了12.3 ℃；甘油三（2-甲基丁酸）酯PVC试片的耐挥发性更好，均具有替代DEHP的潜力。另外，分析增塑剂的构效关系，发现分子结构中支链多的增塑剂与PVC之间的相容性和耐抽出性更好，但热稳定性和耐挥发性降低。     

PVC无毒增塑剂的应用和发展

概述了聚氯乙烯的增塑机理,常用增塑剂的种类及其应用现状。重点介绍了柠檬酸酯类、环氧化合物类、偏苯三酸酯类无毒增塑剂,并展望了增塑剂的发展趋势。     

环氧大豆油-癸二酸低分子量聚酯对PVC增塑性能的研究

将环氧大豆油(ESO)与癸二酸(SA)进行开环固化反应,通过控制反应时间得到3种不同分子量的环氧大豆油-癸二酸低分子聚酯(ESO-SA₅、ESO-SA₉和ESO-SA₁₃),并对其化学结构进行了表征;再以ESO-SA_n为增塑剂,研究其分子量和添加量对聚氯乙烯(PVC)增塑效果、热性能及力学性能的影响;此外,对比了不同成型方式(溶剂流延膜和熔融压制膜)对PVC增塑膜性能的影响;最后,分析了热稳定剂的加入对熔融压制膜性能的影响。研究表明,不同成型方式制备的PVC增塑膜中,均为添加30份ES0-SA₉的增塑膜具有最好的性能,包括增塑效果、力学性能(断裂伸长率269.6%,拉伸强度28.7 MPa)及热性能(初始热分解温度284.3℃)等;熔融压制使PVC与增塑剂分子之间能到达更好的混合效果,可实现分子水平的混合;由于钙锌稳定剂与基体的相容性较差且同时破坏了ESO-SA_n在PVC中形成的增塑网络结构,热稳定剂的加入反而导致增塑膜的力学性能及热性能等出现一定程度的降...     

环保型钙锌复合热稳定剂与增塑剂在 PVC中的协效作用研究

将生物基增塑剂橡胶籽油基环氧脂肪酸甲酯（ERSO）与热稳定剂油脂源多聚脂肪酸基钙锌（OMFCTS）复配,以β-二酮作辅助热稳定剂,改性聚氯乙烯（PVC）,通过热老化烘箱法、刚果红法、热重分析（TGA）、热重红外联用（TGA-FTIR）分析、热重质谱联用（TGA-MS）分析、力学性能测试及动态力学性能分析（DMA）考察了改性PVC的热稳定性及力学性能,并对8个配方改性后PVC的性能进行了对比。结果表明：与DOP/CaSt₂/ZnSt₂、DOP/OMFCTS和ERSO/CaSt₂/ZnSt₂体系相比,ERSO/OMFCTS体系的热稳定性最优,力学性能较好,改性PVC的玻璃化转变温度（38.2℃）最低,拉伸断裂伸长率达265.6%;静态热稳定时间（200℃）最长（46'21"）。ERSO和OMFCTS具有良好的协同作用,二者可有效替代传统增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）及热稳定剂硬脂酸钙锌（CaSt₂/ZnSt₂）。     

PVC糊树脂对旋转模塑用PVC增塑糊性能的影响

通过ＰＶＣ糊树脂种类对旋转模塑用ＰＶＣ增塑类性能的影响进行较为深入的研究,从而为旋转模塑用ＰＶＣ增塑糊中糊树脂种类的确定提供了有益的参考。     

无毒环保型增塑剂对聚氯乙烯性能的影响

选用了邻苯增塑剂(DOP)、柠檬酸酯类增塑剂（ATBC、ATOC）、对苯增塑剂（DOTP）、偏苯增塑剂（TOTM）及新型植物基增塑剂ID-37制备了增塑PVC材料,对所制备的PVC材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、硬度、180℃热稳定性进行表征,测试结果表明,180℃静态热稳定性DOTP与TOTM最优,DOP与ID37次之,ATBC与ATOC相当。增塑剂对力学性能影响较小,对硬度差异影响较大,其中DOTP与TOTM所增塑PVC材料硬度比其余四种高约5度（邵氏A）。DSC测试结果表明,TOTM及ATBC增塑PVC的Tg相对较高,约为-22℃,其余四种较为接近,约为-25℃。     

油酸苯酯的合成及其对PVC的增塑性能

以植物油酸、苯酚为原料,采用氯化亚砜(SOCl2)、NaOH为酰氯化剂和催化剂,在氯仿和吡啶混合溶剂中通过一步酯化法合成了油酸苯酯(PO).研究了不同工艺条件下合成酯化产物的产率、结构和增塑效应.结果表明,酯化反应成功进行,产物为油酸苯酯.最佳工艺条件是:酯化温度90℃、苯酚与油酸物质的量比为1.2:1、催化剂用量1.5%、吡啶与氯仿体积比为1:10,其平均酯化产率可高达91.3%.合成的PO对聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料具有优良的增塑效应.     

Influence of Alkyl Chain Length in 1-Alkylimidazol on the Citric Acid Transport Rate across Polymer Inclusion Membrane

Research, about citric acid transport, through the polymer inclusion membranes, have been carried out. Two different plasticizers – ONPOE and TBP and a series of carriers of tri-octylamine and 1-alkylimidazoles with carbons chain length of 10, 11, 12, 14, and 16 atoms were used. It was found out that for 1-alkylimidazoles values of the permeability coefficients obtained for TBP as plasticizer change in the range of 8.81*10^?7 m/s to 1.92*10^?6 m/s. When ONPOE was used as the plasticizer, the values change in the range of 1.43*10^?9 m/s to 2.24*10^?8 m/s. The value of the permeability coefficient for the membrane with TBP equals 3.49*10^?7 m/s and is comparable with the value obtained for the TOA with this plasticizer, which equals 4.77*10^?7 m/s TBP, therefore, it is able to simultaneously act as a plasticizer and carrier in membrane. Tested membranes are characterized by a high durability. The repeated 5-times, 24-hours cycles of research did not show any decrease in transport capacity of citric acid.     

Influence of Alkyl Chain Length on Thermal Properties,Structure, and Self-Diffusion Coefficients of Alkyltriethylammonium-Based Ionic Liquids

The application of ionic liquids (ILs) has grown enormously, from their use as simple solvents, catalysts, media in separation science, or electrolytes to that as task-specific, tunable molecular machines with appropriate properties. A thorough understanding of these properties and structure–property relationships is needed to fully exploit their potential, open new directions in IL-based research and, finally, properly implement the appropriate applications. In this work, we investigated the structure–properties relationships of a series of alkyltriethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [TEA-R][TFSI] ionic liquids in relation to their thermal behavior, structure organization, and self-diffusion coefficients in the bulk state using DSC, FT-IR, SAXS, and NMR diffusometry techniques. The phase transition temperatures were determined, indicating alkyl chain dependency. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy studies revealed the structuration of the ionic liquids along with alkyl chain elongation. SAXS experiments clearly demonstrated the existence of polar/non-polar domains. The alkyl chain length influenced the expansion of the non-polar domains, leading to the expansion between cation heads in polar regions of the structured IL. ¹H NMR self-diffusion coefficients indicated that alkyl chain elongation generally caused the lowering of the self-diffusion coefficients. Moreover, we show that the diffusion of anions and cations of ILs is similar, even though they vary in their size.     

黄原酸乙酸直链烷基酯衍生物的合成、表征和性能研究

目前在润滑油添加剂领域内关于烷基黄原酸醣类的应用研究较少,而烷基黄原酸醑类又具有良好的极压抗磨性能,针对于此,本工作拟定选择丁基黄原酸乙酸酯作为研究的对象。文章设计合成了一系列三种新型的丁基黄原酸乙酸酯,即丁基黄原酸乙酸正丁酯、丁基黄原酸乙酸正辛酯,研究其合成路线和方法,且通过红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱等分析手段对所合成的化合物结构进行了表征,确认对应的化合物结构。     

Palladium Catalysts for Fatty Acid Deoxygenation: Influence of the Support and Fatty Acid Chain Length on Decarboxylation Kinetics

Supported metal catalysts containing 5?wt% Pd on silica, alumina, and activated carbon were evaluated for liquid-phase deoxygenation of stearic (octadecanoic), lauric (dodecanoic), and capric (decanoic) acids under 5?% H₂ at 300?°C and 15?atm. On-line quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) was used to measure CO?+?CO₂ yield, CO₂ selectivity, H₂ consumption, and initial decarboxylation rate. Post-reaction analysis of liquid products by gas chromatography was used to determine n-alkane yields. The Pd/C catalyst was highly active and selective for stearic acid (SA) decarboxylation under these conditions. In contrast, SA deoxygenation over Pd/SiO₂ occurred primarily via decarbonylation and at a much slower rate. Pd/Al₂O₃ exhibited high initial SA decarboxylation activity but deactivated under the test conditions. Similar CO₂ selectivity patterns among the catalysts were observed for deoxygenation of lauric and capric acids; however, the initial decarboxylation rates tended to be lower for these substrates. The influence of alkyl chain length on deoxygenation kinetics was investigated for a homologous series of C₁₀?CC₁₈ fatty acids using the Pd/C catalyst. As fatty acid carbon number decreases, reaction time and H₂ consumption increase, and CO₂ selectivity and initial decarboxylation rate decrease. The increase in initial decarboxylation rates for longer chain fatty acids is attributed to their greater propensity for adsorption on the activated carbon support.     

Plasticization of PVC with ethylene copolymer resins

Ethylene copolymer resin (ECR) modifiers, designed to be soluble in all proportions in PVC, form a wide variety of plasticized PVC blends. These solid, high molecular weight (Mw > 250,000) resin modifiers, unlike conventional liquid plasticizer, exhibit outstanding permanence in PVC. Compounding procedures, used for liquid plasticized PVC, are sometimes inadequate to produce homogeneous blends of PVC/ECR. A number of effective melt compounding techniques and a new family of ECR modifiers have been developed to produce homogeneous blends exhibiting many outstanding properties, including fluids/chemical resistance, high/low-temperature service, and weatherability.     

扩链改性对聚乳酸挤出吹膜成型的影响

利用扩链剂改性聚乳酸(PLA),然后用改性PLA进行吹膜成型,研究了扩链剂用量对PLA熔体流动性、膜泡稳定性及薄膜力学性能的影响。结果表明:扩链剂的加入使PLA的熔体流动速率(MFR)明显下降,同时使其黏度增加,且提高了膜泡的稳定性;当扩链剂用量为0.5%、0.6%时,PLA薄膜的拉伸强度显著提高,最大冲击强度较纯PLA提高了74.67%。     

The Influence of Alkyl Chain Length in 1,2-Dialkylimidazoles on the Extraction Capacity and Structure of Their Copper(II) Complexes

Abstract

Formation of Cu(II) complexes of 1,2-dialkylmidazoles (where 1-alkyl = ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, and hexyl, and 2-alkyl = propyl, butyl, and pentyl) has been studied using the liquid-liquid partition method, at 25°C and at a fixed ionic strength of the aqueous phase (I = 0.5; (HL)NO₃, KNO₃). The complexes were extracted with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and chloroform. The length of the 1-alkyl, and 2-alkyl groups, and the solvent nature have been shown to influence the extraction process. Extraction curves (log D_M vs. pH) are displaced towards lower pH with increasing chain length of the 1-alkyl and 2-alkyl substituents. Stability constants of the complexes in aqueous solution as well as their partition constants between the aqueous and organic phase were determined. The stability of the Cu(II) complexes increased with increasing 1-alkyl chain length. The stability constants were comparable with β _n values for the Cu(II) complexes of 1-alkyl-2-ethylimidazoles, but smaller than those of the Cu(II) – 1-alkylimidazole counterparts. The length of the 2-alkyl substituent has been found to affect both the pH_1/2 values and the partition constants of the complexes. The partition constants P₁ are small for all of the 1,2-dialkylimidazole complexes with Cu(II), whereas P₂ and P₃ are high and they increase with elongation of the 1-alkyl chain owing to a decrease in the co-ordination number of Cu(II), probably from 6 to 4 at the second and third complexation step. This change is likely to produce square coplanar species, readily extractable with organic solvent. This finding offers the possibility of extraction of the Cu(II) ions from a mixture cations.     

Effect of Alkyl Chain Length on the Extraction of Copper(II) Complexes with 1‐Alkyl‐2‐Methylimidazoles

Abstract

By using the liquid‐liquid partition method, the formation of Cu(II) complexes with 1‐alkyl‐2‐methylimidazoles (where alkyl=isobutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, and dodecyl) has been studied at 25°C and at fixed ionic strength of the aqueous phase (I=0.5; (HL)NO₃, KNO₃). The complexes were extracted with 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol, dichloromethane, trichloromethane and, in one system only, toluene. Stability constants of the complexes in aqueous solution as well as partition constants of the extractable species were determined. It has been shown that the stability constants are invariable and do not depend on the 1‐alkyl chain length. The constants were smaller than those of the previously studied Cu(II) – 1‐alkylimidazole complexes owing to the steric effect of the methyl group at position 2. The partition constants of the complexes incereased with increasing alkyl chain length. Branched 1‐alkyl substituents (isobutyl, isopentyl) suppressed both stability constants and the partition constants of the complexes.     

Analysis of the Effects of Hydrocarbon Chain on Foam Properties of Alkyl Polyglycosides

The influence of surfactant structure on foam properties of different alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) in aqueous solutions was studied. Foamability, foam stability, and foam morphology were analyzed using the FoamScan method. Results showed that the foamability, foam stability, and the liquid carrying ability of long-chain APGs are higher than those of short-chain APGs. Foam morphology analysis showed that the foam produced by short-chain APGs is more unstable than the foam generated by long-chain APGs. Long-chain APGs have stronger intermolecular cohesion force, stringency, and ductility than short-chain APGs.     

残留高碳醇对烷基多苷性能的影响

用德国Ｈｅｎｋｅｌ公司及国内一些厂家和科研单位生产的同 烷烷基多苷产品,首次从表面张力,起泡性能,增溶性能、乳化性能和分散性能等几个方面研究了残留醇对它们的影响。结论是少量残留醇的存在,对烷基多苷乳化性能影响不大,起泡性能降低,但泡沫的稳定性增加,表面张力降低,增溶性和分散性能均有提高;随着残留醇含量的过量增加,所有性能均有下降的趋势。