Diode-laser-array end-pumped 1W CW Nd:YVO4/BIBO green laser

Abstract

This paper discusses a diode-laser-array end-pumped Nd:YVO₄/BIBO green laser. Using a three-mirror folded cavity (V-shaped), a 1.06 W CW green output was obtained at an incident pump power of 8.5 W; the corresponding optical conversion efficiency was 12.5%. The relationship between the green output and the temperature of the BIBO crystal was investigated. The laser damage threshold of BIBO crystal was measured to be 600 MW cm^?2 and 400 MW cm^?2 at 1064 nm and 532 nm, respectively.     

Pulse-stacking technique for enhanced performance of a solid-state laser pumped by a high-pulse-rate source

We report on a pulse-stacking technique in which a Cr, Nd:GSGG laser pumped by a high-pulse-rate (25 kHz) source is Q switched at lower pulse rates (submultiples of the pump rate) to achieve higher-output pulse energies and shorter pulse durations. For six pump pulses stacked, the output peak power increased by a factor of 10 compared with gain-switched output.     

Near-diffraction-limited green source by frequency doubling of a diode-stack pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG slab oscillator-amplifier system

A near-diffraction-limited, stable, 18 mJ green source with a pulse width of 16.7 ns was generated at a 1 kHz repetition rate by frequency doubling of diode stacks end-pumped electro-optically Q-switched slab Nd:YAG oscillator-amplifier system. The pump to green optical conversion efficiency was 10.7%. At the output energy of 15 mJ at 532 nm, the M2 factors were 1.3 and 1.7 in the unstable and stable directions, respectively. The energy pulse stability was approximately 0.8%.     

20 W CW 589 nm sodium beacon excitation source for adaptive optical telescope applications

Operation of a doubly resonant sum-frequency generation (SFG) ring containing a lithium triborate (LBO) crystal has been demonstrated. It is pumped by 1.064 and 1.319 μm Nd:YAG injection-locked ring lasers and produces a 20 W, diffraction-limited, single-frequency, continuous wave, 589 nm beam. Nearly 60% conversion of pump laser power is obtained. Such a device produced a guidestar in the mesospheric sodium layer that can provide improved sky coverage for adaptive optical telescope applications. “First light” on the sky for the laser source was 21 November 2002 at the Starfire Optical Range, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico.     

Energy characteristics of a solid-state laser pumped by emission from a cumulative jet

St. Petersburg Mechanical Institute. Translated from Inzhenerno-fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 261–266, February, 1992.     

A planar excimer-halogen radiation source pumped by transverse RF discharge

We present the characteristics of a planar source of wideband shortwave radiation pumped by transverse RF (f=1.76 MHz) discharge in a Kr/Xe/Cl₂ mixture (P≤500 Pa). The spectral characteristics of the plasma emission were studied in the wavelength interval of 130–600 nm. The oscillograms of the voltage, current, and output radiation intensity and the diagrams of the output power depending on the gas pressure, partial composition of the working gas mixture, and discharge power are presented. It is established that the source produces emission predominantly in the spectral interval of 170–330 nm, representing a system of the molecular emission bands XeCl(D, B-X), KrCl(B-X), Cl₂(D′-A′), and Cl₂**. For a maximum output power in the UV-VUV range, the optimum working gas mixture is Kr/Xe/Cl₂ with the partial pressures P(Kr)/P(Xe)/P(Cl₂)=150–200/150–200/20–40 Pa. The maximum power irradiated within a solid angle of 4π via two output holes with a total area of S≤ 100 cm² reaches 30–40 W. In the region of a threshold with respect to the transverse discharge initiation, there are narrow peaks of plasma emission that are probably related to the jumps in the density of electrons and the positive and negative ions at the boundary between the plasma and the RF discharge layer.     

Operation of a Ti:sapphire laser pumped by a 499-nm green laser

We report, for the first time, to our knowledge, the operation of a tunable Ti:sapphire laser pumped by a third-order Raman XeCl-H(2) laser system at 499 nm with a 60-ns pulse duration. The slope efficiency is 59% for this laser, producing pulses of 20-ns duration. The highest conversion-energy efficiency obtained is 41%, with an output energy of 1.2 mJ. The tuning range for a single set of cavity mirrors is 680-834 nm and is limited mainly by the mirror reflectivity. This study shows that a combined laser system based on a XeCl excimer laser can offer wavelength diversity.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of CdWO4 by solid-state metathetic reaction

CdWO₄ particles were synthesized using a solid-state metathetic reaction assisted by microwave irradiation. Well-crystallized CdWO₄ particles formed at 400-600 °C after 3 h, showing fine and homogeneous morphologies with particle sizes of 1-3 μm. The synthesized CdWO₄ particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The optical properties were examined by photoluminescence emission and Raman spectroscopy.     

固相与液相法制备磷酸铁锂的对比实验研究

用固相法和液相法分别制备了LiFePO4正极材料,对材料进行了XRD、SEM、交流阻抗和振实密度的测试.结果表明,固相法和液相法制备的材料都是单一橄榄石结构,其振实密度分别是1.25g/cm3和1.58g/cm3;在室温0.1C下材料的首次放电比容量分别是134.2mAh/g和147.5mAh/g,经过100次循环后,其容量保持率分别为86.8%和94.0%.     

新型固相法制备高性能LiFePO4正极材料

以FeC2O4·2H2O和LiH2PO4为原料,经过两步机械活化后在惰性气氛中经高温烧结,合成出LiFePO4正极材料.研究了合成温度与反应时间对材料性能的影响.采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析样品的晶体结构和表面形貌,结果表明,600℃下烧结18h合成的样品具有规则的橄榄石型结构.样品的电化学性能良好,在室温下以0.1C倍率充放电,首次放电比容量可达到155.6mAh/g,为其理论容量的91.53%,且循环50次后比容量仅衰减4.11%,采用1C倍率放电时,首次放电比容量达到149.3mAh/g.     

Efficient generation of >2 W of green light by single-pass frequency doubling in PPMgLN

We report 32% efficient frequency doubling of single-frequency 1029 nm light to green light at 514.5 nm using a single-pass configuration. A congruent composition, periodically poled magnesium-doped lithium niobate (PPMgLN) crystal of 50 mm length was used to generate a second-harmonic power of 2.3 W. To our knowledge, this is the highest reported power and efficiency achieved in the second-harmonic generation of single-frequency green light in a single-pass configuration.     

改进固相法制备LiFePO4/C正极材料及其性能

采用改进的固相反应法制备了掺碳的磷酸铁锂正极材料,并用XRD,SEM,元素分析,红外光谱及激光粒度分布仪等对样品进行了测试分析.结果表明,样品具有单一的橄榄石结构和较好的放电平台(约3.4V),粒度较小粒径分布均匀,0.1C首次放电比容量为137.8mAh/g,循环20次后容量保持率为92.6%,以1C倍率首次放电比容量为129.6mAh/g,循环20次后容量下降10.8%.     

Ultrawide spectral range group-velocity dispersion measurementutilizing supercontinuum in an optical fiber pumped by a 1.5 μmcompact laser source

Group velocity dispersion (GVD) measurement is presented utilizing supercontinuum (SC) white pulses generated in an optical fiber by 15 μm compact laser sources. This provides 1) ultrawide continuous spectral measurement range >600 nm from a single optical source without the use of interpolation formulae and 2) stable far-end measurements by the simultaneous multi-wavelength nature of the SC pulses. A novel method that is independent of the detector bandwidth is proposed which measures λ-dependent phase shifts of one of the Fourier components of a short pulse train. Fiber GVD's of unusual dispersion characteristics were measured using SC pulses extended over the spectral range of 1150-1770 nm. It is shown that fiber lengths of up to 130 km can be measured with a group delay resolution of 0.01 ps/km     

Characterization of nanoparticles of LiMn2O4 synthesized by a one-step intermediate-temperature solid-state reaction

Nanoparticles of lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) with a spinel structure have been synthesized by a one-step intermediate temperature solid-state reaction. The influence of the molar ratio of citric acid to the metal ions on the physicochemical properties of LiMn2O4 powders in air has been analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction and electron microscope techniques. The electrochemical behavior of the material has been examined by charge/discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry. Test results reveal that LiMn2O4 particles with lower molar ratios of citric acid to metal ions (1:2) are highly crystalline and highly electrochemically reversible, with better cycle capabilities when compared with a sample with a higher molar ratio (2:1). The LiMn2O4 powders obtained by this method have a uniform morphology with a narrow size distribution.     

A.c. conductivity and dielectric study of LiNiPO4 synthesized by solid-state method

LiNiPO₄ compound was prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction. The sample was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, infrared, Raman analysis spectroscopy and electrical impedance spectroscopy. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pnma with a = 10·0252(7) Å, b = 5·8569(5) Å and c = 4·6758(4) Å. Vibrational analysis was used to identify the presence of \( \mathrm{PO}_4^{3- } \) – group in this compound. The complex impedance has been measured in the temperature and frequency ranges 654–716 K and 242 Hz–5 MHz, respectively. The Z′ and Z″ vs frequency plots are well-fitted to an equivalent circuit consisting of series of combination of grains and grain boundary elements. Dielectric data were analysed using complex electrical modulus M* for the sample at various temperatures. The modulus plots are characterized by the presence of two peaks thermally activated. The frequency dependence of the conductivity is interpreted in terms of equation: \( {\sigma_{\mathrm{a}.\mathrm{c}.}}\left( \omega \right)=\left[ {{{{{\sigma_{\mathrm{g}}}}} \left/ {{\left( {1+{\tau^2}{\omega^2}} \right)}} \right.}+\left( {{{{{\sigma_{\infty }}{\tau^2}{\omega^2}}} \left/ {{1+{\tau^2}{\omega^2}}} \right.}} \right)+A{\omega^{\mathrm{n}}}} \right] \) . The near values of activation energies obtained from the analysis of M″, conductivity data and equivalent circuit confirms that the transport is through ion hopping mechanism dominated by the motion of Li⁺ in the structure of the investigated material.     

Preparation and characterization of NiMn2O4 negative temperature coefficient ceramics by solid-state coordination reaction

The influence of synthesis parameters, such as calcination temperature and sintering temperature, on the microstructure, phase composition, and electrical properties of NiMn₂O₄ negative temperature coefficient (NTC) ceramics was systematically investigated. The NiMn₂O₄ NTC ceramics were synthesized via solid-state coordination reaction. With increasing sintering temperatures, the relative density increased, whereas the porosity decreased. Single-phase, cubic spinel ceramic was obtained following sintering at 900 and 1,050 °C, whereas a secondary phase, i.e., NiO, was detected when the sintering temperature was higher than 1,100 °C. High-density ceramics were obtained when the sintering temperature was higher than 1,100 °C, and featured the lowest room temperature resistivity of 2,924 Ω cm and thermal constant B of 3,429 K. The latter parameter reflects the temperature sensitivity of the NTC ceramics. Variations of the electrical property were because of increases in density and onset of decomposition.     

Preparation and characterization of Ni0.6Mn2.4O4 NTC ceramics by solid-state coordination reaction

The impact of synthesis parameters, such as calcination temperature and reaction time, on the microstructure, phase compositions and electrical properties of Ni_0.6Mn_2.4O₄ negative temperature coefficient (NTC) ceramics, which were synthesized via solid-state coordination reaction method, was systematically explained. With enhancing calcination temperature and time, the relative densities were raised, while the porosities diminished. A compact single-phase cubic spinel ceramic could be obtained after annealing at 1,100 and 1,150 °C, while a secondary phase Mn₃O₄ was detected when the annealing temperature raised to 1,200 °C. For the ceramics calcinated at 1,100 or 1,150 °C for 3 h, their resistivities were 2,133 and 2,178 Ω cm, the thermal constant B, which reflects the temperature sensitivity of the NTC ceramics, were 3,820 and 3,857 K. While the ceramic prepared at 1,200 °C for 3 h, the resistivity and the B value reached 2,273 Ω cm and 3,810 K, respectively. This phenomenon was attributed to the increase of lattice parameters and the reduction of Mn⁴⁺–Mn³⁺ at high temperatures.     

Stable room-temperature LiF:F2 (+*) tunable color-center laser for the 830-1060-nm spectral range pumped by second-harmonic radiation from a neodymium laser

Simultaneous photostability and thermostability of a room-temperature LiF:F2(+*) tunable color-center laser, with an operating range over 830-1060 nm, pumped by second-harmonic radiation of a YAG:Nd(3+) laser with a 532-nm wavelength has been achieved. The main lasing characteristics of the obtained LiF:F2 (+*) laser have been measured. Twenty-five percent real efficiency in a nonselective resonator cavity and 15% real efficiency in a selective resonator cavity have been obtained. The stable LiF:F2 (+*) laser operates at a 1-100-Hz pulse-repetition rate with a 15-ns pulse duration, a 1-1.5-cm(-1) narrow-band oscillation bandwidth, and divergency of better than 6 × 10(-4). Doubling the fundamental frequencies of F2(+*) oscillation made it possible to obtain stable blue-green tunable radiation over the 415-530-nm range.