Influence of laser parameters on the geometric characteristics of a beam transformed by an optical system

The influence of the parameters of a laser on the divergence and the light radii of a beam formed by a plane optical resonator and transformed by an optical system is considered. The studies are conducted for a broad range of Fresnel numbers characteristic of lasers. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 24–27, January, 2008.     

Tilt correction in an optical disk system

A servo system for the correction of disk tilt in optical disk data storage is proposed, and its basic concepts are demonstrated by the use of a static system in which the disk does not spin. Because disk tilt produces primarily coma in the beam focused onto the disk, the system uses a variable coma generator to produce an equal and opposite amount of coma as that caused by the tilted disk. The magnitude and direction of disk tilt are detected by the use of the light reflected from the front facet of the disk substrate.     

Modified refraction-interference method for calculating the geometric and optical parameters of optical waveguides

We describe a ray method for analysis of the geometric and optical characteristics of two-layer fiber optical waveguides. We have analyzed the effect of the polarization of the illuminating beam on the overall pattern of the intensity distribution. We consider the characteristic types of rays for a single-layer and two-layer fiber optical waveguide. We have obtained definitive dependences of the beam intensity for each ray individually. We have developed a program for calculation of the scattering pattern in fiber optical waveguides illuminated by a broad beam. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 39–42, March, 1996.     

Frequency domain photothermoacoustic signal amplitude dependence on the optical properties of water: turbid polyvinyl chloride-plastisol system

Photoacoustic (more precisely, photothermoacoustic) signals generated by the absorption of photons can be related to the incident laser fluence rate. The dependence of frequency domain photoacoustic (FD-PA) signals on the optical absorption coefficient (micro(a)) and the effective attenuation coefficient (micro(eff)) of a turbid medium [polyvinyl chloride-plastisol (PVCP)] with tissuelike optical properties was measured, and empirical relationships between these optical properties and the photoacoustic (PA) signal amplitude and the laser fluence rate were derived for the water (PVCP system with and without optical scatterers). The measured relationships between these sample optical properties and the PA signal amplitude were found to be linear, consistent with FD-PA theory: micro(a)=a(A/Phi)-b and micro(eff)=c(A/Phi)+d, where Phi is the laser fluence, A is the FD-PA amplitude, and a, ...,d are empirical coefficients determined from the experiment using linear frequency-swept modulation and a lock-in heterodyne detection technique. This quantitative technique can easily be used to measure the optical properties of general turbid media using FD-PAs.     

面向对象的光学系统自动对焦方法

基于光学系统的焦深及其与工件的相对位置关系等硬件因素,提出光学系统面向对象的快速对焦运动控制方法。该方法采用灰度差分法来构造聚焦特征值评价函数,并使成像系统的运动轨迹尽量短。将对焦过程分为纯线性运动、粗调焦和细调焦三个阶段,每个阶段控制参数的确定方法不同,但总的原则是尽量减少运动和缩短图像处理中的运动距离,尽量增大最小运动步长,利用变步长的浮动阈值搜索方式,克服局部聚焦和完全不能聚焦的情况。实例证明,该方法可以提高对焦效率和可靠性,35mm的对焦距离大约耗时10s左右。     

Experimental determination of a geometric form factor in a lidar equation for an inhomogeneous atmosphere

We experimentally determine a geometric form factor for an inhomogeneous atmosphere by using the polynomial regression method in a lidar equation.     

General expression for the peak asymmetry factor in amplitude spectra

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 55–56, October, 1989.     

Electromagnetic degrees of freedom of an optical system

We present a rigorous electromagnetic formalism for defining, evaluating, and optimizing the degrees of freedom of an optical system. The analysis is valid for the delivery of information with electromagnetic waves under arbitrary boundary conditions communicating between domains in three-dimensional space. We show that, although in principle there is an infinity of degrees of freedom, the effective number is finite owing to the presence of noise. This is in agreement with the restricted classical theories that showed this property for specific optical systems and within the scalar and paraxial approximations. We further show that the best transmitting and receiving functions are the solutions of well-defined eigenvalue equations. The present approach is useful for understanding and designing modern optical systems for which the previous approaches are not applicable, as well as for application in inverse and synthesis problems.     

Experimental evaluation of an MnBi optical memory system

An experimental optical memory system is described for evaluating the optical memory characteristics of MnBi films. The preparation procedure for obtaining large uniform films is discussed. These films require about 10 mW of laser power to write 1-μm bits and a coincident field of 600 Oe to erase them. A packing density of 1.5 × 10⁸bit/in²with a typical signal-to-noise ratio of 10 is readily achieved. Large area films have been sample tested and found to be of usable quality over 99.9 percent of the area. Test bits have been repeatedly cycled to the Curie point more than 10⁶times retaining an adequate signal-to-noise ratio.     

红外导引头光学系统设计

根据红外导引头技术指标要求,选择光学系统的结构形式,初步确定光学系统的几何尺寸;以作用距离最大、系统双波段像差最小以及工艺要求最低为目标,利用开发的导引头光学系统通用设计软件进行光学系统参数优化。获得的光学系统在±20°的动态视场中弥散斑直径均小于0.15mm,导引头在给定条件下估算的作用距离达到39km。     

Design study of an infrared panoramic optical system

A design study was undertaken on an infrared, 3-5-μm, panoramic optical system for a particular monitoring application. The different types of systems investigated covered the conventional fish-eye lens system, a panoramic block arrangement, and a new type of configuration based on a panoramic shell. Examples of these systems are included, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.     

Realization of an optical communication tunable filter using a diffraction-based optical system

Optical bandpass tunable filters are key elements for dense WDM optical communication systems. Recently, a realization of optical linear transformation using a spatial diffraction optical system was presented and theoretically analyzed [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A21, 732 (2004)]. We present an optical bandpass tunable filter based on this optical system and a spatial light modulator. The mathematical analysis and additional computer simulations for testing the filter's basic parameters using the Fresnel diffraction theory are presented. Some newly obtained laboratory experimental results of the device in the optical visible spectrum will be shown.