Preparation of polymer nanocomposites of core-shell structure via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerizations

Polymer nanocomposites of core-shell structure were prepared by grafting poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (Pt-BA) from SiO₂ nanoparticle via the surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) strategy. This new organic inorganic hybrid particle has been extensively characterized by XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), and TGA (ThermoGravimetric Analysis).     

Entanglement of a new type of two-mode photon-added entangled coherent state

We introduce a new entangled state, which is composed of two photon-added coherent states. We discuss the entanglement of this state by using several sufficient entanglement criteria, such as higher-order entanglement criterion, EPR criterion, SU(1,1) algebra and Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. These criteria reflect some entanglement effects of this new state, but fail to find the degree of entanglement directly. Thus, we use the covariance to measure the entanglement in this state. Our findings show that the degree of entanglement decreases with the increasing of photon-number and the amplitude of the coherent states. One interesting result is that the new entangled state becomes a maximally entangled state when the photon-added number is 1 and the amplitude of the coherent states is zero, which is just one of the four Bell states.     

Decoherence of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state in a diffusion process

We have studied the case in which one mode of the light field in the two-mode squeezed vacuum state evolves in a diffusion channel. By virtue of thermo-entangled state representation and the technique of integration within an ordered product, the evolution formula of the field density operator is given. Its non-classical properties, such as squeezing effect, antibunching effect, the violation of Cauchy–Schwartze inequality and the entanglement property between two modes, are studied. The influences of the squeezing parameter and the dissipation time on the non-classical properties are discussed. The results obtained by the numerical method show that its non-classical properties are all weakened with the dissipation. On the other hand, its squeezing effect and the entanglement property between two modes are strengthened, but its antibunching effect and the violation of Cauchy–Schwartze inequality are weakened with the increase of the squeezing parameter.     

Entanglement of a two-mode squeezed state in a phase-sensitive gaussian environment

Abstract

Some non-classical properties such as squeezing, sub-Poissonian photon statistics or oscillations in photon-number distributions may survive longer in a phase-sensitive environment than in a phase-insensitive environment. We examine if entanglement, which is an inter-mode non-classical feature, can also survive longer in a phase-sensitive environment. Differently from the single-mode case, we find that making the environment phase-sensitive does not aid in prolonging the inter-mode non-classical nature, i.e. entanglement.     

On tomographic reconstruction of the quantum state of a two-mode light field

Abstract

We consider the state reconstruction of an optical two-mode light field from sum quadrature distributions measured with a single balanced homodyne detector. New explicit formulas for the pattern functions necessary to reconstruct the density matrix of the two-mode field in the photon-number basis are derived. Moreover, an expression of the measured quadature distribution in terms of the two-mode normally ordered moments is given and the determination of the moments from it is discussed.     

Collapse of a two-mode squeezed state after registering n -single mode photons

By enquiring what happens to the remaining mode when one makes one-mode n-photon counting for the two-mode squeezed state, we show that the two-mode squeezed state will collapse to a counting operator in the remaining mode with a new smaller quantum efficiency of the detector. We also derive its P-representation.     

Stimulated emission via quantum interference: Scattering of one-photon packets on an atom in a ground state

Abstract

Usually it is assumed that the stimulated emission appears as a consequence of the Bose—Einstein statistics of photons and that to observe this effect at least two excitations have to be initially present in the atom—field system. That is, both the atom and the electromagnetic field have to be excited. In this paper we show that stimulated emission can appear exclusively as a consequence of quantum interference in a system with just a single excitation. Specifically, we consider a single two-level atom which is initially in its lower energy state and it interacts with a single-photon multi-mode wave packet. We show that for a proper choice of the photon-wave packet the atom can exhibit stimulated emission.     

Preparation and characterization of optical-functional diblock copolymer brushes on hollow sphere surface via atom transfer radical polymerization

The optical-functional poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-Tb complex diblock copolymer brushes grafted from hollow sphere surface via atom transfer radical polymerization were investigated in this work. A sufficient amount of azo initiator was introduced onto hollow sphere surface firstly. Then the monomer methyl methacrylate was polymerized via surface-initiated reverse atom transfer radical polymerization using azo group modified hollow sphere as initiator. Following, the poly(methyl methacrylate) modified hollow sphere was used as maroinitiator for surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of Tb complex. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatographer and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The results indicated that the poly(methyl methacrylate) had grafted from hollow sphere surface and the average diameter of hollow core was about 1 μm. The optical properties of the poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-Tb copolymer modified hollow sphere were also reported.     

Fabrication of hollow polyelectrolyte nanospheres via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization

Novel polyelectrolyte-grafted core-shell organic/inorganic hybrid nanospheres which possess hard backbone of silica nanoparticles and soft shell of cross-linked poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) have been synthesized via a surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). After removal of the core templates of the core-shell nanospheres, nearly monodispersed hollow polyelectrolyte nanospheres were obtained. Various characterization techniques including FT-IR, XPS, and TEM were used to characterize the resulting core-shell and hollow polyelectrolyte nanospheres. The results showed that the hollow nanosphere has a hollow core of an average diameter of ca. 200 nm with a shell thickness of ca. 25 nm. The obtained hollow polyelectrolyte nanospheres could be applied in release-control systems.     

Preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brush grafted silica particles via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization used for aqueous chromatography

Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) brushes were densely grafted onto silica surface via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The grafting reaction started from the surfaces of 2-bromoisobutyrate-functionalized silica particles in 2-propanol aqueous solution at ambient temperature using CuCl/CuCl₂/N,N,N′,N′,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as the catalytic system. Based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results, the grafting amount and grafting density of PNIPAM chains on the surface of silica were calculated to be 1.29 mg/m² and 0.0215 chains/nm², respectively. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) result showed the relatively narrow molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n=1.21) of the grafted PNIPAAm. The modified silica particles were applied as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) packing materials to successfully separate three aromatic compounds using water as mobile phase by changing column temperature. Temperature-dependent hydrophilic/hydrophobic property alteration of PNIPAAm brushes grafted on silica particles was determined with chromatographic interaction between stationary phase and analytes. Retention time was prolonged and resolution was improved with increasing temperature. Baseline separation with high resolution at relatively low temperatures was observed, demonstrating dense PNIPAAm brushes were grafted on silica surfaces.     

高气密性芯片级原子气室的制备研究

高性能芯片级原子气室的制备是现阶段芯片级量子传感仪器研制急需解决的关键技术之一。为解决目前芯片级原子气室研制领域存在的碱金属定量填充难、气密性差等问题,开展了高气密性芯片级原子气室制备方法研究,利用微电子机械系统(MEMS)技术实现了芯片级原子气室的批量制备。采用深硅刻蚀技术制备硅气室腔,利用RbN₃的光分解实现碱金属单质的制备及定量填充,采用阳极键合技术对原子气室进行两次硅片/玻璃键合封装,成功获得了以N₂为缓冲气体的Rb碱金属原子气室。对所制备的原子气室进行键合强度、气密性、吸收光谱测试,结果表明原子气室的玻璃/硅片/玻璃键合强度均较高,其中B组原子气室的漏气率平均值为2.2×10^-9Pa·m³·s^-1,其气密性为目前行业内领先水平。最后从制备工艺上分析了两组原子气室的性能差异原因,为推动量子传感仪器的芯片级集成技术发展奠定重要基础。     

乙基纤维素接枝偶氮苯聚合物的合成与研究

通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)技术合成乙基纤维素接枝偶氮苯聚合物.以功能化乙基纤维素作为大分子引发剂,在CuBr/N,N,N′,N″,N″-五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PMDETA)催化体系下,以苯甲醚为溶剂,引发对甲氧基偶氮苯单体6-[4-(4-甲氧基苯基偶氮)酚氧基]己基甲基丙烯酸酯(MMAzo)的ATRP反应,构筑接枝共聚物.通过多种手段接枝共聚物结构、热行为与液晶性进行表征.接枝共聚物在紫外-可见光照射下发生可逆的顺反异构化反应,具有作为光学材料的潜力.     

Preparation and mechanism of nanometer Al5O6N via shock wave plasma technique

Cubic Al₅O₆N nanocrystals were successfully synthesized via a novel strategy called shock wave plasma technique, using trinitrotoluene (TNT) and aluminum powder as raw materials and water as protection medium. The precursor including carbon and Al₅O₆N was engendered firstly during the detonation of compound dynamite, and then the pure Al₅O₆N nanoparticles were obtained when the carbon was removed through calcining at high temperature. The precursor and the final as-synthesized Al₅O₆N powder were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), respectively. The calcining temperature schedule of the precursor was decided through DTA/TG analysis. The results indicate that the precursor consists of 37.7% carbon and 62.3 °C Al₅O₆N. After calcining at 600 °C for 1 h, the average diameter of the as-synthesized Al₅O₆N nanocrystal is 30-40 nm and the morphology micrograph takes on uniform spherical shape. The lattice parameters are consistent completely with the standard cubic Al₅O₆N (JCPDS 48-0686). The well-dispersed Al₅O₆N nanocrystals synthesized by shock wave plasma technique can be attributed to the covering of carbon and fast cooling of water medium. A possible reaction mechanism was also proposed preliminarily based on the experimental results.     

原子转移自由基聚合用于聚砜膜的疏水改性研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法,将疏水单体2,2,2-三氟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(TFEMA)接枝到氯甲基化聚砜(CMPSF)材料上,得到不同反应时间的接枝共聚物PSF-g-PTFEMA,并用FT-IR、19F-NMR对产物的结构进行了表征。最后,采用涂覆法对PSF膜表面进行改性,通过测定涂覆后的膜表面静态水接触角,考察了接枝产物对膜的疏水性能的影响。     

Large deflection analysis of thermo-mechanical loaded annular FGM plates on nonlinear elastic foundation via DQM

The effects of three-parameter elastic foundations and thermo-mechanical loading on axisymmetric large deflection response of a simply supported annular FGM plate are investigated. An annular FGM plate, resting on a three-parameter elastic foundation under a transverse uniform loading and a transverse non-uniform temperature, is considered. The mechanical and thermal properties of the FGM plate are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The mathematical modeling of the plate and the resulting nonlinear governing equations of equilibrium are derived based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) in conjunction with nonlinear von Karman assumptions. A polynomial-based differential quadrature method is used as a simple but powerful numerical technique to discretize the nonlinear governing equations and to implement the boundary conditions. Finally, the effects of certain parameters, such as nonlinear foundations stiffness, volume fraction index, and temperature, on the axisymmetric large deflection response of the FGM plate are obtained and discussed in detail.     

浸浆法制备生物多孔陶瓷

自然骨的主要无机成分是羟基磷灰石，由于纯羟基磷灰石对于人体组织有良好的生物相容性，被广泛使用为骨植入材料，为了得到孔径和孔隙率合适的羟基磷灰石框架，本文采用多孔聚氨脂泡沫浸浆法制备，实验表明，该方法可以有效的获得需要的羟基磷灰石框架。     

Preparation of AlON-TiC composites via reaction-bonding

AlON-TiC composites were fabricated via a reaction-bonding technique, using Al, Al₂O₃ and TiC powders as the starting materials. A composite sample sintered at 1850 °C after nitriding is highly densified and the Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the sample are about 1751.1 kg/mm² and 5.3 MPa m^1/2, respectively. The composition and microstructure of the sample are characterized by means of XRD and SEM/EDX.     

电纺丝制备纳米纤维的研究进展

文中扼要回顾近年来电纺丝技术研究进展,包括:电纺丝工作原理和部分关键设备;控制尺寸、结构、取向及复合材料制备等;探讨连续化生产和组装纳米纤维;典型应用领域及电纺丝技术展望。