Spectral evolution of an optical pattern generated by spatial modulation instability in a reorientational Kerr nonlinear medium

An experimental investigation is reported on the role of molecular reorientational nonlinearity in the spectral evolution of multifilamentation patterns induced by spatial modulation instability (MI) in a nonlinear Kerr medium. The influence of molecular reorientational Kerr nonlinear response on the spatial MI is analyzed theoretically by the standard stability analysis. The spatial MI gain spectra obtained by experimental measurements were found to agree with the theoretical derivation. In addition, by changing the launch average power, we also analyze the spatial spectral behavior of the optical pattern in such media. It is shown that, for higher launch average power, there will be secondary spatial stripes, manifesting as the original spatial modulation frequency doubling in the spatial frequency domain, which originated from the molecular reorientational Kerr nonlinearity response.     

Nonlinear response of a 2D photonic crystal made of Kerr effect nonlinear parallel rods of large diameter

We present the calculation of the transmission as a function of the intensity of incoming light of nonlinear parallel rods distributed in a periodic way. We have developed a new calculation combining finite elements and the multiple scattering method to take into account the distribution of the intensity inside the large rods. Indeed, in this case the energy inside the rods is no longer homogeneous when a significant Kerr effect takes place. The Kerr effect induced a broadening of the photonic band gap when the intensity increased. When a defect was inserted into the structure, an hysteresis phenomenon occurred for the resonance associated with this defect. We investigated the influence of taking into account the inhomogeneity of intensity in the rods on the bistability phenomenon. It appeared that even for a rod diameter of λ/10 the homogeneous model failed to describe correctly the bistability.     

Diffraction engineering Anderson localization of light in nonlinear waveguide array with Kerr and two photon absorption effects

Role of two-photon absorption (TPA) effect on light propagation in one-dimensional nonlinear waveguide array (NWA) is studied numerically with solving nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Our investigation includes unperturbed, diagonally and off-diagonally disordered NWA with inclusion of Kerr and TPA and the results are compared with each other. The simulations show that the increase of incident wave amplitude to NWA intensifies TPA and Kerr effects and these nonlinear optical effects, dramatically affect the output intensity profile and loss. Variations of intensity distribution in periodic NWA is about two and three times higher than in off-diagonal and diagonal disordered NWA, respectively. It means that localization of light in periodic NWA is more tunable than disordered lattices. These variations of intensity distribution under nonlinear optical effects enable us to propose and design a reconfigurable localization and diffraction-engineered discrete soliton.     

Construction of deformed photon-added nonlinear coherent states with negative m for the one-mode field in a Kerr medium

In this paper, based on the nonlinear coherent states formalism and using the Hamiltonian for a single mode field in a Kerr medium, the deformed photon-added nonlinear coherent states with negative m corresponding to the nonharmonic oscillators are constructed. In addition, some of the nonclassical properties associated with these states such as the Mandel parameter, quadrature squeezing and second-order correlation function are investigated. It is found that the deformed photon-added nonlinear coherent states with negative m for the one-mode field in a Kerr medium are nonclassical states.     

Analytical study of optical solitons in media with Kerr and parabolic-law nonlinearities

The nonlinear optical transmission equation was investigated in the presence of detuning, inter-modal dispersion, time- and space-modulated external potentials, and dissipation. Optical solitons, triangular periodic solutions, and Jacobian elliptic periodic solutions are constructed with the aid of the self-similarity transformation and Jacobian elliptic equation expansion methods. The conditions for analytical solutions to exist are obtained. Both Kerr-law as well as parabolic-law nonlinear media are considered.     

Effect of grading in refractive index profile on Kerr nonlinear optical processes in single-mode sub-wavelength diameter optical fibre using a straightforward method

A significant effect of nature of refractive index grading in the core of sub-wavelength diameter optical fibres on their performance characteristics in single-mode region is predicted and reported, for the first time, in connection with achievement of waveguide enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity-based optical processes. The analysis is based on a straightforward approach involving Marcuse spot size formulations for single-mode graded index fibre. Our formulations and results provide useful information and insight for optimum transverse dimensions of graded index fibre together with normalized core nonlinearity coefficient corresponding to profile exponent of the power law profile and should invite attention of system designers.     

General features of spatiotemporal instability induced by arbitrary high-order nonlinear dispersions in metamaterials

Spatiotemporal instability (STI) in metamaterials (MMs) with a Kerr-type nonlinear polarization is investigated. A general expression for instability gain, taking account of the effects of arbitrary high-order linear and nonlinear dispersions, is derived. Special attention is paid to the general features of instability induced by nonlinear dispersion effects originating from the combination of dispersive magnetic permeability and nonlinear polarization. It is shown that, just like their linear counterparts, all even-order nonlinear dispersions not only deform the original instability regions, but also may lead to the appearance of new instability regions. However, all odd-order nonlinear dispersions always suppress STI irrespective of their signs, quite different from their linear counterparts which exert no influence on instability. Moreover, we find that, unlike the linear dispersions, the nonlinear dispersions lead to the dependence of gain peak on the spatial modulation frequency. The role of the first-order nonlinear dispersion, namely self-steepening (SS), and second-order nonlinear dispersion (SND) in STI is particularly analyzed to illustratively demonstrate the general results.     

Optical switching and normal mode splitting in hybrid semiconductor microcavity containing quantum well and Kerr medium driven by amplitude-modulated field

ABSTRACT

We theoretically investigate optical bistability/multistability for all optical switching signature in a hybrid semiconductor microcavity system comprising a quantum well and a Kerr nonlinear substrate. The system is essentially two optically coupled microcavities with one of the microcavity being driven by an external amplitude-modulated pump laser. We show that the switching between bistable and multistable behaviour is influenced by the modulated pump laser, Kerr nonlinearity and the optical coupling between the two microcavities. We further investigate the intracavity spectrum of quantum fluctuations which exhibit the well-known normal mode splitting (NMS). The NMS behaviour is also found to be influenced by the system parameters. These results demonstrate that the present hybrid nonlinear system can be used in designing sensitive optical devices.     

Electromagnetically induced transparency and steady-state propagation characteristics in Doppler broadened diamond systems

We explore the feasibility of attaining simultaneous electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and efficient nonlinear generation in different configurations of Doppler broadened diamond (double-cascade) systems such as, the frequency up-conversion, nearly degenerate and degenerate scheme. We show that EIT and nonlinear generation efficiency depend critically on the type of residual Doppler broadening present in each of the two cascade subsystems constituting the diamond system. Furthermore, it is observed that nonlinear generation with perfect EIT simultaneously in both subsystems is not possible as the process of nonlinear generation actually tends to oppose EIT. Yet in an extended medium, on resonance field propagation under matched conditions for probe and generated signal can occur when a balance (equilibrium) is established between these two competing processes.     

有机三阶非线性光学材料的研究进展

对有机三阶非线性光学响应的理论及实验（包括器件对材料的要求，理论研究，三阶极化率的测试技术，有机三阶光学材料）进行了综述。     

聚焦光斑磁光极克尔磁滞回线的热效应分析

实验设计并组建了一套磁光极克尔磁滞回线测量装置,该装置可以通过改变照射到样品上的激光功率来改变薄膜样品上被聚焦光斑照射的测试点的温度。同时通过计算模拟了激光照射在TbFeCo磁光薄膜上的温度分布情况,得到了薄膜的矫顽力随照射激光功率的变化关系,由此可以确定薄膜的居里温度和补偿温度。为研究磁光薄膜样品在各种温度条件下,磁光性能的变化以及多层磁光薄膜的磁耦合效应提供了有效的手段。     

Photocarrier‐Induced Active Control of Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity in Monolayer MoS2

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in their excited states can serve as exceptionally small building blocks for active optical platforms. In this scheme, optical excitation provides a practical approach to control light‐TMD interactions via the photocarrier generation, in an ultrafast manner. Here, it is demonstrated that via a controlled generation of photocarriers the second‐harmonic generation (SHG) from a monolayer MoS₂ crystal can be substantially modulated up to ≈55% within a timeframe of ≈250 fs, a set of performance characteristics that showcases the promise of low‐dimensional materials for all‐optical nonlinear data processing. The combined experimental and theoretical study suggests that the large SHG modulation stems from the correlation between the second‐order dielectric susceptibility χ⁽²⁾ and the density of photoexcited carriers in MoS₂. Indeed, the depopulation of the conduction band electrons, at the vicinity of the high‐symmetry K/K′ points of MoS₂, suppresses the contribution of interband electronic transitions in the effective χ⁽²⁾ of the monolayer crystal, enabling the all‐optical modulation of the SHG signal. The strong dependence of the second‐order optical response on the density of photocarriers reveals the promise of time‐resolved nonlinear characterization as an alternative route to monitoring carrier dynamics in excited states of TMDs.     

等离子体光栅与光丝非线性耦合诱导击穿光谱

激光诱导击穿光谱技术（laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,LIBS）是一种分析样品元素信息的有效工具,具有快速、简便、实时的优点,可以对固体、液体和气体中多元素成分进行定性分析和定量检测。但传统的LIBS以及光丝诱导击穿光谱技术（filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy,FIBS）受限于峰值功率钳制,灵敏度难以提高,导致在实际应用中具有一定的局限性,成为LIBS技术发明以来一直面临的重大技术瓶颈。本文从激发源的角度出发,讨论了LIBS和FIBS出现的问题,介绍了近年来优化LIBS技术的研究进展,将多光束耦合形成的等离子体光栅应用于LIBS,在保留其原有优点的基础上,有效克服了等离子体屏蔽效应、基体效应,突破了功率钳制,增强了谱线信号,提高了探测灵敏度和定量分析能力。这些研究将推进LIBS技术在各领域的实际应用,同时为飞秒激光等离子体与其他技术的结合提供了研究思路。     

纳米颗粒的短脉冲激光烧蚀制备及其非线性光学应用

本文主要介绍了纳米颗粒的短脉冲激光制备及其在非线性光学领域的应用。短脉冲激光制备纳米颗粒具有纯度高、操作简单和适用性广等优点,所制备的非线性纳米颗粒尺寸分布均匀,粒度小且可调控,在非线性光学材料中有着独特的地位。为了更深入地对此进行研究,本文介绍了纳米颗粒的光学非线性和激光的特点和原理。在此基础上,通过阐述短脉冲激光与物质相互作用的机理,说明了激光制备纳米颗粒所具有的优点,详细分析了制备条件对合成纳米颗粒的影响,并结合激光制备不同的纳米颗粒,介绍当前激光制备各类纳米颗粒的研究现状。激光制备纳米颗粒是一种操作简便、适用性广,且对环境友好的方法。

     

Ultrafast third-order optical non-linearity of 0.56GeS2–0.24Ga2S3–0.2KX(X = Cl, Br, I) chalcohalide glasses by femtosecond Optical Kerr Effect

0.56GeS₂–0.24Ga₂S₃–0.2KX(X = Cl, Br, I) chalcohalide glasses were prepared and their third-order optical non-linearities χ⁽³⁾ have been studied systematically using the femtosecond time-resolved Optical Kerr Effect technique at wavelength of 800 nm. In this system, 0.56GeS₂–0.24Ga₂S₃–0.2KCl glass shows the largest χ⁽³⁾ (1.82 × 10⁻¹³ esu), but 0.56GeS₂–0.24Ga₂S₃–0.2KBr glass has the fastest optical non-linear response time in subpicosecond domain (about 340 fs), which is due to the ultrafast distortion of the electron clouds surrounding the balanced position of Ge, Ga, S, K and Br atoms. The local hyperpolarizability determining non-linear optical response are determined by the partially ionic bonds originating from Ge(Ga)–S bonds and halogen valence bonds. They show great potential applications on the glass-based optoelectronic devices like optical switching.     

Comparison of semiclassical and quantum models of a two-level atom-cavity QED system in the strong coupling regime

We present a numerical study comparing semiclassical and quantum models of a damped, strongly interacting cavity QED system composed of a single two-level atom interacting with a single quantized cavity mode driven externally by a tunable monochromatic field. We compute the steady state transmission spectrum of the coupled system under each model and show that in the strong coupling regime, the two models yield starkly different results. The fully quantum mechanical model of the system correctly yields the expected multiphoton transmission spectra while the semiclassical approach results in a bistable spectrum.     

Collapse of optical wave arrested by cross-phase modulation in nonlinear metamaterials

In this article, we put forward a novel strategy to realize the management of wave collapse through designing probe–pump configuration where probe wave is assumed to propagate in the positive-index region of metamaterials (MMs), while pump wave is assumed to propagate in the negative-index region. We disclose that cross-phase modulation (XPM) in MMs as a new physical mechanism that can be used to arrest the collapse of probe wave in the positive-index region by copropagating it together with pump wave in the negative-index region. Further, we observe that pump wave will evolve into a ring while probe wave will develop a side lob in the wings during the course of coupled waves propagation, different from the corresponding counterpart in the ordinary positive-index materials (OMs) where they simultaneously exhibit the catastrophic self-focusing behavior. Meanwhile, we also discuss how to control the collapse of probe wave by adjusting intensity-detuned pump wave. Our analysis is performed by directly numerically solving the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, as well as using the variational approximation, both showing consistent results. The finding demonstrates XPM as a specific physical mechanism in MMs can provide us unique opportunities unattainable in OMs to manipulate self-focusing of high-power laser.