未知激励下的无迹卡尔曼滤波新方法

无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）是一种识别非线性系统的有效方法,然而传统的UKF方法需要观测外部激励,这限制了UKF的应用范围。迄今为止,国内外对未知激励情况下的UKF方法的研究还非常少。该文在传统UKF的基础上,推导出在未知激励情况下的无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF-UI）方法的递推公式,通过对观测误差的最小化,利用非线性方程求解,识别未知外部激励,进而识别非线性结构系统状态与结构未知参数。进一步采用融合部分观测的加速度响应及位移响应,消除识别结果的漂移问题。分别通过白噪声和未知地震作用下识别非线性迟滞模型的两个数值算例,考虑观测噪声对非线性系统进行识别,从而验证提出新方法的有效性。结果表明,该文所提出的UKF-UI方法,能够在部分观测结构系统响应的情况下,有效地识别非线性结构参数和未知激励。     

被动定向浮标阵卡尔曼滤波目标跟踪研究

文章研究利用被动定向浮标阵定位跟踪水下机动目标的方法,基于卡尔曼滤波(Kalman Filter, KF)原理提出一种定位跟踪滤波器的具体实现方法。该方法能够整合多枚浮标现在及过去有误差的测量数据,提高定位精度,同时连续输出水下目标运动参数估计从而锁定目标运动轨迹。该方法实现的关键在于建立水下目标与浮标阵的数学迭代运算模型,包括状态空间的动态与观测过程。由于被动定向浮标阵目标跟踪是一个非线性估计问题,而卡尔曼滤波器是线性的,因此文章设计了近似的线性观测方程以利用卡尔曼滤波来解决这个问题。通过计算机仿真研究该滤波器的跟踪效果并与最小二乘法进行比较,估计精度明显高于最小二乘法。同时通过仿真验证该滤波器可以自适应跟踪目标的非稳态运动过程。该方法在工程实践上具有一定应用前景与指导意义。     

水下小孔径阵列远程目标检测方法研究

匹配滤波器频域自适应线谱增强方法是一种基于递归算法的非线性滤波技术,它大大提高了匹配滤波器的检测性能.针对当前该技术使用窄带信号作为发射信号存在可利用的带宽有限,不能充分发挥自适应线谱增强器性能的问题,文章提出将该技术与宽带信号相结合来检测远程目标.仿真显示,该方法在低信噪比条件下获得了较高的信噪比增益和检测概率.海试...     

未知地震激励下结构恢复力及质量非参数化识别

地震作用过程中结构恢复力是描述结构损伤发生发展过程定量描述的基础,更有助于描述结构在地震中破坏模式的演化。该文研究地震激励下结构部分质量及动力响应信息未知时,结构非线性恢复力、质量以及未知加速度时程的非参数化识别方法。首先,根据部分已知动力响应测量和质量信息,识别地震加速度时程。随后,利用记忆衰退全局加权迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,引入幂级数多项式表征结构恢复力,实现了结构质量与非线性恢复力的非参数化识别。将具有非线性恢复力的磁流变阻尼器中引入到一个剪切型多自由度结构构成非线性系统,考虑测量噪声的影响,通过数值模拟验证了在噪声及较大质量初始误差情况下该方法识别结构质量、非线性恢复力及地震动加速度时程的识别效果。     

一种新的自适应非线性卡尔曼滤波算法

为避免由于系统噪声统计特性不准确所导致的滤波性能下降问题,改进了一种基于新息的系统噪声方差调整方法,并将其与扩展卡尔曼滤波、Unscented 卡尔曼滤波和差分滤波相结合,形成自适应非线性卡尔曼滤波.将此方法应用到非线性测量光电跟踪系统中,并与采用基本非线性卡尔曼滤波进行性能对比.仿真实验结果证明该方法可以实时调整系统噪声方差,有效地避免由于系统噪声统计特性不准确所带来的滤波性能下降的问题,而且其性能明显优于基本非线性卡尔曼滤波.     

聚硼硅氧烷与有机磷酸酯阻燃剂复配协同阻燃聚碳酸酯

将聚硼硅氧烷(PB)阻燃剂分别与三种有机磷酸酯(OPP)阻燃剂进行复配, 并将此复合阻燃剂添加到聚碳酸酯(PC)中制备了阻燃PC材料(FR-PC)。采用极限氧指数(LOI)和锥形量热分析研究了PB对OPP/PC体系的协同阻燃作用。结果表明: 阻燃剂总质量分数为5%时, 添加质量分数1.25%以上的PB可以提高OPP/PC体系的LOI; PB阻燃剂具有促进成炭的作用, 可使OPP/PC复合体系在燃烧过程中释放的烟、热以及CO有不同程度的降低, 燃烧过程趋于平缓, 尤其使体系的烟释放量显著降低, 三种OPP/PC阻燃体系的总烟释放量下降31.8%~51.0%, 大大降低了火灾的危害性; 添加适量PB能够提高OPP/PC体系的拉伸强度、弯曲强度及维卡软化点温度, 并且使PC复合阻燃材料的透光率有所提高, 保持了PC良好的透明性。     

基于前向神经网络的非线性时变系统辨识改进EKF算法

为了克服传统扩展卡尔曼滤波算法进行参数估计时可能产生的新数据失效问题,提出了一种改进的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)步骤,然后将改进步骤做为人工神经网络的学习算法用于基于前向神经网络的非线性时变系统辨识。与传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波步骤相比克服了新数据的饱和现象,可以更好地反映系统时变特征。通过一个单变量一般时变非线性系统和一个三自由度非线性时变刚度结构系统算例,仿真验证了新算法在辨识精度和计算量方面的改进特性。     

基于新型H形DGS超宽带低通滤波器设计

滤波器是微波电路的重要元件,在实际中有着广泛的应用.对传统的H形缺陷地面结构进行了改进,提出了新型的H形缺陷地面结构(H-shaped DGS),研究了新结构的传输特性,利用所提出的新型结构设计了一个超宽带低通滤波器,并对其进行仿真与测试,仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好.测试结果表明:所设计的低通滤波器的3dB通带截止频率...     

Intelligent controlled shunt active power filter for voltage and current harmonic compensation in microgrid system

An integrated microgrid with a novel shunt active power filter (APF) using Elman neural network (ENN) is proposed in this study. The microgrid consists of a storage system, a photovoltaic (PV) system, the shunt APF, a linear load, and a nonlinear load. Moreover, the master/slave control algorithm is adopted in the microgrid. The storage system, which is considered as the master unit, is adopted to control the active and reactive power outputs (P/Q control) in grid-connected mode and the voltage and frequency of the microgrid (V/f control) in islanded mode. Furthermore, the PV system is considered as the slave unit to implement P/Q control in both grid-connected and islanded modes. In addition, the proposed shunt APF possesses dual functions of voltage and current harmonic compensation for microgrid under voltage harmonic propagation and nonlinear load to reduce the voltage and current total harmonic distortions (THD) effectively. Additionally, an ENN controller is adopted in the proposed shunt APF to improve the transient and steady-state responses of DC-link voltage during the switching between the grid-connected mode and islanded mode. Finally, some simulation results are provided to verify the feasibility and the effectiveness of the integrated microgrid with the intelligent controlled shunt APF.     

High-performance cascade-type repetitive controller for CVCF PWM inverter: analysis and design

A novel cascade-type repetitive controller with phase-cancellation filter is proposed for a constant-voltage constant-frequency pulse-width-modulated DC-AC converter to achieve very low total harmonic distortion and fast transient response. The paper reveals the principle of phase cancellation for the performance improvement of RC. In the form of real-time window filtering, a phase-cancellation filter is developed for the repetitive controller. Experimental results show that a high-quality AC source can be achieved by the proposed scheme even under nonlinear rectifier load and parameter uncertainties.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的STFT域回声抵消算法

提出了一种低复杂度的短时傅里叶变换域卡尔曼滤波算法来解决声学回声抵消问题。首先在短时傅里叶变换域建立了基于频域卷积传递函数的观测方程,并利用一阶马尔科夫模型对频域回声路径进行建模,给出了精确的卡尔曼滤波方程,并讨论了过程噪声和观测噪声的估计问题。为降低算法计算复杂度,提出了低复杂度卡尔曼滤波算法。另外,在更新滤波器时加入远端信号邻近频点的信息来进一步提高回声抵消性能。实验结果表明,所提算法对近端干扰不敏感,不需要额外的双端对讲检测算法,且比传统的频域自适应滤波算法具有更快的收敛速度。     

A New Optimized Algorithm with Nonlinear Filter for Ultra-Tightly Coupled Integrated Navigation System of Land Vehicle

The extended particle filter (EPF) assisted by the Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy logic adaptive system (FLAS) is used to design the ultra-tightly coupled GPS/INS (inertial navigation system) integrated navigation, which can maneuver the vehicle environment and the GPS outages scenario. The traditional integrated navigation designs adopt a loosely or tightly coupled architecture, for which the GPS receiver may lose the lock due to the interference/jamming scenarios, high dynamic environments, and the periods of partial GPS shading. An ultra-tight GPS/INS architecture involves the integration of I (in-phase) and Q (quadrature) components from the correlator of a GPS receiver with the INS data. The EPF is a particle filter (PF) which uses the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to generate the proposal distribution. The PF depends mostly on the number of particles in order to achieve a better performance during the high dynamic environments and GPS outages. The T-S FLAS is one of these approaches that can prevent the divergence problem of the filter when the precise knowledge on the system models is not available. The results show that the proposed fuzzy adaptive EPF (FAEPF) can effectively improve the navigation estimation accuracy and reduce the computational load as compared with the EPF and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF).     

All optical format conversion at 10 Gbps using SOA and optical band-pass filter

In this paper, an all-optical non return-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) modulation format converter using a single semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and an optical band-pass filter (OBPF) is proposed. The format converter consists of a single SOA which is acting as a nonlinear element to broaden the spectrum of the input signal and the OBPF which is used to extract the special spectrum from the broadened spectrum. By adopting the ultra-fast SOA model associated with optical system software, the 10 Gbps NRZ and RZ format conversion is successfully demonstrated with simulation. We also demonstrate the proof-of-principle experiment at 10 Gbps by using the test SOA and OBF converter. The converted NRZ is achieved with an output extinction ratio of 11.51 dB. The BER is 5.5 × 10^?9 while the power of NRZ is ?10 dBm and the BER is 1.0 × 10^?9 when the power of RZ is ?14 dBm. The experimental results coincide well with the simulated results. The proposed scheme is robust and has potential for applications in future optical networks.     

基于ITD-SVD和MOMEDA的故障特征提取方法

为提高滚动轴承故障诊断的准确性,提出一种基于固有时间尺度分解(ITD)、奇异值分解(SVD)和多点最优最小熵反褶积(MOMEDA)相结合的故障特征提取方法。首先,采用ITD分解故障振动信号,并构建基于峭度和相关系数的组合权重指标筛选准则,从而完成分量信号的筛选与重构。其次,对其进行SVD滤波降噪。最后,利用MOMEDA提取降噪后信号中的周期性冲击成分,并通过Hilbert包络谱分析得到诊断结果。经过实验数据分析,结果表明所提出的方法不仅能滤除噪声干扰,增强故障特征信息,而且能准确提取出故障特征。     

光电跟踪的非线性卡尔曼滤波算法

为得到最小方差意义下的光电跟踪目标的最优状态估计,提出将部分状态卡尔曼滤波和非线性系统的一阶线性化思想相结合,构成一种适用于非线性光电跟踪目标的卡尔曼滤波算法,并总结出详细算法结构.同时将此方法应用到非线性测量光电跟踪系统中,并与扩展卡尔曼滤波和U卡尔曼滤波进行性能对比.仿真实验结果证明,将部分状态卡尔曼滤波和非线性系统的一阶线性化思想相结合是有效可行的,而且其性能明显优于扩展卡尔曼滤波和U卡尔曼滤波.     

模糊自适应滤波的主动控制方法研究

由于主动控制中广泛使用的自适应滤波 - x L MS算法只适用于线性控制问题 ,针对一些非线性问题 ,本文提出利用一种非线性自适应滤波方法——基于模糊逻辑系统的自适应滤波方法来解决一类参考信号与外扰呈非线性函数关系的前馈主动控制问题。仿真结果表明 ,该模糊自适应滤波器优于线性滤波器的控制效果     

PC／碳纳米管纳米复合材料的结构与力学性能

将二硫代酯化合物作为RAFT(可逆加成-断裂链转移反应)试剂,采用RAFT活性聚合方法在碳纳米管表面接枝丙烯酸丁酯和马来酸酐的共聚物,并制备了PC/碳纳米管复合材料。利用FT-IR、TEM表征接枝后的碳纳米管,考察了碳纳米管用量对PC/碳纳米管复合材料的力学性能的影响,观察了PC/碳纳米管复合材料冲击断面形貌。结果表明,碳纳米管表面接枝上了一层聚合物,PC/碳纳米管复合材料的力学性能得到了改善。     

Automatic EMI Measurement and Filter Design System for Telecom Power Supplies

Tests for compliance with conducted emission limits are usually carried out during the electrical product design process. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters are widely used for filtering excessive conducted emissions on a power cord. In this paper, a personal computer (PC)-based automatic EMI measurement and filter design system for telecom power supplies is proposed. The common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) emissions in the live or the neutral line can be measured and recorded separately. The trial-and-error guesswork in selecting the filter components can be minimized by the proposed automatic filter design system. In other words, the EMI suppression effort is greatly reduced by the fast PC computing speed and the man-machine interface. The developed system can be an effective noise diagnosis and filter design tool for EMI engineers.     

聚碳酸酯/聚(1, 4-环己烷二甲酸- 1, 4-环己烷二甲醇酯)共混物的光学特性及机理分析

采用熔融共混法制备一系列聚碳酸酯(PC)与聚(1, 4-环己烷二甲酸-1, 4-环己烷二甲醇酯)(PCCD)形成的共混物。光学性能测试表明,PC/PCCD共混物具有高透光率、低雾度的光学特征。采用SEM、TEM、DSC、红外光谱及核磁共振等多种手段对PC/PCCD进行研究,以揭示共混物呈现光学透明性的内在机理。结果表明：PC/PCCD在几十纳米尺度下具有均相结构,均相结构是其在宏观上表现高透明性的直接原因; 不同PCCD含量的PC/PCCD共混物均表现出单一玻璃化温度,表明PC和PCCD完全相容。这种均相结构的完全相容,是PC/PCCD共混物呈现高透明性的内在原因。通过进一步分析PCCD和PC相容的机理,发现PC与PCCD熔融共混过程中未发生酯交换反应,PC和PCCD的相容源于结构相似,与是否发生酯交换反应无关。     

Second‐order reliability method‐based inverse reliability analysis using Hessian update for accurate and efficient reliability‐based design optimization

First‐order reliability method (FORM) has been mostly utilized for solving reliability‐based design optimization (RBDO) problems efficiently. However, second‐order reliability method (SORM) is required in order to estimate a probability of failure accurately in highly nonlinear performance functions. Despite accuracy of SORM, its application to RBDO is quite challenging due to unaffordable numerical burden incurred by a Hessian calculation. For reducing the numerical efforts, a quasi‐Newton approach to approximate the Hessian is introduced in this study instead of calculating the true Hessian. The proposed SORM with the approximated Hessian requires computations only used in FORM, leading to very efficient and accurate reliability analysis. The proposed SORM also utilizes a generalized chi‐squared distribution in order to achieve better accuracy. Furthermore, SORM‐based inverse reliability method is proposed in this study. An accurate reliability index corresponding to a target probability of failure is updated using the proposed SORM. Two approaches in terms of finding an accurate most probable point using the updated reliability index are proposed. The proposed SORM‐based inverse analysis is then extended to RBDO in order to obtain a reliability‐based optimum design satisfying probabilistic constraints more accurately even for a highly nonlinear system. The numerical study results show that the proposed reliability analysis and RBDO achieve efficiency of FORM and accuracy of SORM at the same time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.