Three-dimensional atom localization in a five-level M-type atomic system

By using three mutually perpendicular standing-wave fields, we propose a scheme for three-dimensional (3D) subwavelength atom localization in a five-level M-type atomic system. Based on the electromagnetically induced transparency, position probability distribution of the atom in 3D space could be determined via measuring the probe absorption which is proportional to the filter function. It is shown that patterns of 3D atom localization depends sensitively on the coupling schemes of the standing-wave fields. When the standing-wave fields couple three different transitions, the same atom localization patterns are formed in the eight subspaces of the 3D space. While all the standing-wave fields are applied on one transition, we can realize different atom localization patterns in the eight subspaces. From the view of the xy plane, various symmetric or asymmetric atom localization patterns could be formed at different z positions by adjusting the parameters of the laser fields.     

Electromagnetically induced transparency in a quadratically coupled optomechanical system with an atomic medium

We investigate a quadratically coupled optomechanical cavity system filled with a two-level atomic medium. The output of the cavity field exhibits analogous electromagnetically induced transparency when the optomechanical system interacts with the coupling and probe fields, respectively. We show that the introduction of the atomic medium can enhance the fluctuation of the displacement of the membrane as well as its energy. With the increasing of the atomic number, the dip of the absorption becomes deep.     

Phase time delay and Hartman effect in a one-dimensional photonic crystal with four-level atomic defect layer

The Hartman effect is revisited using a Gaussian beam incident on a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) having a defect layer doped with four-level atoms. It is considered that each atom of the defect layer interacts with three driving fields, whereas a Gaussian beam of width w is used as a probe light to study Hartman effect. The atom–field interaction inside the defect layer exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The 1DPC acts as positive index material (PIM) and negative index material (NIM) corresponding to the normal and anomalous dispersion of the defect layer, respectively, via control of the phase associated with the driving fields and probe detuning. The positive and negative Hartman effects are noticed for PIM and NIM, respectively, via control of the relative phase corresponding to the driving fields and probe detuning. The advantage of using four-level EIT system is that a much smaller absorption of the transmitted beam occurs as compared to three-level EIT system corresponding to the anomalous dispersion, leading to negative Hartman effect.     

Switching enhancement and suppression of four-wave mixing via a dressing field

The switch between the enhancement and suppression of the four-wave mixing (FWM) process in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window via quantum interference has been demonstrated experimentally. The enhancement and suppression of the FWM signal, as well as the EIT window, switch with a change in the probe detuning. Also, by controlling the powers of the dressing and probe fields, the enhancement and suppression of the FWM signal can be switched and an optimized enhancement can be obtained. Such a switch of the enhancement and suppression of the FWM signal intensity can find potential applications in optical switches, optical communication and quantum information processes.     

Coherent Superposition of Electric- and Magnetic-Dipole Spin-Flip Transitions in Zinc Blende Semiconductors

Spin resonance (SR) studies offer an important and unique opportunity for investigating coherent superposition of electric-and magnetic-dipole spin-flip transitions in semiconductors. We will focus on far-infrared studies of conduction-electron spin-flip transitions in narrow-gap semiconductors, where this effect is most clearly evident. Although the SR transition is normally electric-dipole-forbidden, it is well known that there exist mechanisms (e.g., nonparabolicity and inversion asymmetry) that relax these selection rules. In comparing the relative importance of these mechanisms, it will be shown that the combination of spin–orbit coupling and inversion asymmetry (as developed by E. I. Rashba and V. I. Sheka) is the dominant process allowing electric-dipole-induced spin-flip transitions. In this review, special attention will be given to the interference of the electric- and magnetic-dipole matrix elements, which provide a unique opportunity for determining the inversion-asymmetry parameter (including its sign) in zinc blende narrow-gap semiconductors. This effect can also serve as a basis for observing spin-based electromagnetically induced transparency—a phenomenon of considerable contemporary interest from both fundamental and applied viewpoints.     

Tunneling-induced high gain and narrow linewidth of a cavity with an asymmetric quantum-well system

A scheme is proposed for obtaining high gain and narrow linewidth of a cavity with an asymmetric quantum-well system. Due to resonant tunneling, destructive interference for linear absorption leads to a tunneling-induced transparency window which compresses the cavity linewidth; moreover, constructive interference for cross-nonlinear susceptibility occurs, which introduces high gain and large dispersion, and the cavity linewidth is much compressed. In the latter case, the intensity of cavity transmission could be enhanced one order of magnitude larger than that of input field, and its linewidth could be one-seventieth of the empty cavity.     

流动聚焦微气泡流型分布及控制参数实验

介绍了一种基于毛细管流动聚焦方法制备微纳米量级气泡的流动聚焦微流控芯片．以水和空气为工质,在一定的压力和流量下,利用高速摄影技术研究微气泡的尺寸、发生频率和形成过程．分析了表面张力、气体压力、液体流量等参数对微气泡直径和发生频率的影响．实验结果表明,该微流控芯片可以稳定产生直径微米量级的微气泡,操作简单,在微反应器和生物、医药等领域有良好的应用前景．     

Interaction dynamics of Bragg grating solitons in a semilinear dual-core system with dispersive reflectivity

The interactions of quiescent Bragg grating (BG) solitons in a semilinear dual-core system, where one core is nonlinear and is equipped with a BG with dispersive reflectivity and the other core is linear are investigated. It has been previously shown that the model supports stable quiescent solitons which may or may not have sidelobes in their profiles. The interaction of in-phase solitons can lead to various outcomes such as generation of two moving solitons with equal or unequal velocities, merger of solitons into a quiescent one, generation of three solitons (one quiescent and two moving ones) and destruction of solitons. The presence of sidelobes can radically change the interaction dynamics, e.g. in-phase solitons can repel or form a temporary bound state which subsequently splits into two separating solitons. We have identified the outcome regions for in-phase interactions through systematic numerical simulations in the plane of dispersive reflectivity vs. frequency. We have also analysed the effect of initial separation on the outcomes of interactions. It is found that when sidelobes are present in solitons’ profiles, the outcomes of the interactions are strongly dependent on the initial separation.     

梁与正交各向异性板弯曲波的传递特性研究

以正交各向异性板与各向同性梁耦合系统弹性波传递特性为研究对象,基于弯曲波传播的动力学分析,推导出子系统间的功率流传递系数(power flow transmission coefficient,PTC)和耦合边界处的耦合损耗因子(coupling loss factor,CLF)表达式.计算分析了内损耗因子、频率和方向...     

Reduction of residual stress and deformation in electron beam welding by using multiple beam technique

The electron beam could be controlled by magnetic field for fast deflection, in which way multi-beam could be produced by deflection technique. The multi-beams run simultaneously for material processing with different heat input and positions. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the thermal effects and optimize the process. In this paper, the generation of multi-beams in electron beam welding (EBW) was investigated, and the processes of EBW with multi-beams were also investigated by both the numerical simulation methods, i.e., finite element analysis (FEA), and the experiments. The result shows that the residual stress of EBW could be minimized by using the multiple beam technique, and at the same time the welding deformation could also be reduced with the optimized parameters.     

高性能混合结构的瓦记录磁盘系统的设计与实现

对新的磁记录技术——瓦记录(SMR)进行了性能分析,针对SMR叠瓦式的磁道布局方式严重限制了其随机写性能,希捷公司的瓦记录磁盘(SSWD)在磁盘内部使用持久缓存虽能解决SMR叠瓦特性导致随机写访问受限,但其在持续随机写入的情景下性能表现很差的问题,设计了一种结合固态硬盘(SSD)的混合瓦记录磁盘(HSWD)结构;使用SSD作为持久缓存,实现了全相联和组相联两种持久缓存到本地存储的映射策略,以及三种持久缓存回收策略——LRU、FIFO和MOST,并通过试验和理论分析分别对比了两种映射策略和三种回收策略。最后,通过测试对比HSWD、SSWD和Flashcache的性能,结果表明,HSWD较SSWD和Flashcache在持续随机写性能上有了明显提升,例如在回放hm0的测试中,HSWD的性能较SSWD提升2.25倍,较Flashcache提升1.32倍。     

Identification of delamination in a composite beam using integrated piezoelectric sensor/actuator layer

This paper describes the use of an integrated piezoelectric sensor/actuator (IPSA) layer to detect a delamination in a laminated composite beam by monitoring the sensor charge output (SCO) distributions along the beam of the first three order frequencies. For the sake of predicting the first three order frequencies and SCO distributions using the IPSA layer, a model-based delamination detection approach is presented. The corresponding dynamic analytical model that includes parameters characterizing delamination is developed using the classical beam theory and the assumption of constant peel and shear strains through the bond line thickness in bonded joint. Using the present analytical model, the effects of delamination length l_d, delamination gap t_g, actuator segment length l_a, actuator segment location X_a and electric field E on the SCO values are discussed. Finally, a comparison of the first three order frequencies between the present analytical and finite element analysis (FEA) models reveals that there is good agreement between these two models.     

The role of hydroxyl and atomic oxygen in multiwall carbon nanotube growth

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method in downstream on the p-Si (100) substrate. Besides precursors, methane as the carbon source and hydrogen as the ablation, oxygen or H₂O was alternatively inlet into the reactive chamber at the pressure of 0.05 MPa. Given characterizations of the tube structure and tube mass weight, the role of radical atomic O, hydroxyl and perhydroxyl in multiwall CNT growth was explored. In addition to a small amount of O₂ (∼0.67%) or H₂O (∼0.1%), it was found that a high quantity of pure nanotubes can be grown in the downstream. However, no nanotube could be formed or even the carbon matrix generated when the concentration of O₂ or H₂O exceeded a proper value in the mixture. The mechanism of multiwall CNT growth controlled by active radicals was explored in this paper.     

Preparation of H-oleoyl-carboxymethyl-chitosan and the function as a coagulation agent for residual oil in aqueous system

In this study, H-form oleoyl-carboxymethyl-chitosan (H-O-CMCS) was prepared as a coagulation agent to clean up the residual oil from the waste-water of oil extraction (WWOE). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the formation of an amide linkage between amino groups of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and carboxyl groups of oleic acid. The adsorption capacities of four absorbents (H-O-CMCS, chitosan, activated carbon and polyaluminium chloride (PAC)) for the residual oil were investigated. Compared with chitosan, activated carbon and PAC, H-O-CMCS was more effective in removing the residual oil from WWOE, which could successfully wash up almost 99% of residual oil from WWOE at the dosage of 0.2 g/L, the mixing time of 3 min, 500 rpm, and a broader range of pH (the system temperature ⩽ 45°C). In similar conditions, comparatively, chitosan, activated carbon and PAC could wash 90%, 82% and 92% of residual oil from WWOE, respectively.     

Formation and strengthening mechanism of kink bands in an ultra-coarse-grained Fe-Cr-Al alloy

Fe-Cr-Al alloys,owing to their absence of allotropic transformation,require multiple cycles of rolling and recrystallization annealing processes to achieve substantial grain refinement,ultimately leading to the attainment of outstanding mechanical properties.However,the corresponding manufacturing costs will also increase greatly.In this work,we have proposed a new microstructural preparation process.Sim-ply using warm rolling for an ultra-coarse-grained Fe-Cr-Al alloy to introduce lamellar kink bands(KBs)into the matrix,the mechanical properties can be significantly improved.By using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and combined with Schmid factor(SF)calculation,the formation mechanism of KBs has been revealed.When the slip plane and direction are nearly perpendicular to the loading force direction(LFD)during the continuous grain rotation,the dislo-cation wall will evolve into the KBs boundaries.Simultaneously,a huge orientation separation between the matrix and KBs will be produced.As strain continues to rise,KBs undergo a transformation,tran-sitioning from low-angle-grain boundaries(LAGBs)to high-angle-grain boundaries(HAGBs),occasionally adopting a configuration as coincident site lattice(CSL)boundaries with reduced interface energy.Re-sults of the tensile test,cyclic loading-unloading-reloading tensile test,and the strengthening calculation show that KBs can pronouncedly enhance the strength by their heterogeneous refinement on the original grains and hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening effect from the dislocation density discrep-ancy between the matrix and internal KBs,the grains containing KBs(KBGs)and the grains without KBs(or KBs-free-grains,KFGs).The theoretical calculation value of the strengthening contribution from KBs on yield strength can be up to 225.5 MPa,with a minimum value exceeding 153 MPa.On the other hand,the ductility can be retained to some extent through stimulating the KBs boundary delamination mecha-nism.The present study provides a low-cost and feasible processing method for fabricating Fe-Cr-Al alloy with high strength and good ductility.     

一种光纤现场总线通讯系统的分析与设计

针对煤矿、机场等特殊工业现场,设计了一种基于复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)和光模块的光纤现场总线通讯系统.在物理层,该系统使用光纤代替双绞线,提高了通讯的速度和抗电磁干扰能力,并通过CPLD进行信号的调制解调以及现场设备传输模式的切换,实现光电信号之间的转换,使整个通讯系统形成环形拓扑网络,提高了通讯的可靠性.在应用层,通过定义扩展帧、设置帧号和位图、使用管道技术等,提高了系统的通讯效率和准确性.技术分析表明,该通讯系统具有较实用的兼容性及可扩展性.     

Use of a surface-mounted chirped fibre Bragg grating sensor to monitor delamination growth in a double-cantilever beam test

A surface-mounted chirped fibre Bragg grating (CFBG) sensor has been used for the first time to monitor delamination growth within a composite material (a transparent, unidirectionally reinforced glass fibre/epoxy resin double-cantilever beam (DCB) specimen). The specimens were tested using a constant displacement rate, with the delamination length being measured using complementary techniques: (i) in situ photography, (ii) surface-mounted strain gauges, and (iii) the surface-mounted CFBG sensors. The unidirectionally reinforced DCB specimens showed characteristics typical of such material which complicate the curvature of the beams, i.e. the development of extensive fibre bridging and pronounced R-curve behaviour. To validate the interpretation of the CFBG reflected spectrum, the experimentally determined strains from the surface-mounted strain gauges have been used, together with in situ photographs of the position of the delamination front. Using the CFBG sensor technique, the delamination length was measured to within about 4 mm over the 60 mm sensor length.