石墨烯增强铜基复合材料的研究现状

石墨烯由于其独特的结构和优异的性能已成为目前金属基复合材料中最具吸引力的碳质材料增强体.本文系统报道了石墨烯增强铜基复合材料的分散方法和制备技术.总结了石墨烯的添加对复合材料性能的影响和其强化机理.同时也指出了石墨烯增强铜基复合材料研究存在的问题,并对其潜在应用进行了展望.     

LiFePO4/石墨烯复合材料的电化学性能比较

分别以水热合成的石墨烯（H-Gr）和商业化石墨烯（C-Gr）为载体,以溶胶-凝胶法合成的LiFePO4（S-LFP）和商业化的LiFePO4（C-LFP）为活性组分,通过固相法制备了4个LiFePO4/石墨烯复合物。采用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和电化学性能测试,对上述LiFePO4/石墨烯复合物进行了对比研究。实验结果表明,C-LFP/H-Gr显示了最高的可逆放电容量,0.1C倍率下,达到155.0mA.h.g-1,其次是C-LFP/C-Gr（144.6mA.h.g-1）和S-LFP/H-Gr（131.5mA.h.g-1）,S-LFP/C-Gr的性能最差,仅为119.6mA.h.g-1。C-LFP/H-Gr较高的电化学容量,一方面可归结于商业化的LiFePO4较小的粒径和良好的晶型结构;另一方面水热合成的石墨烯小的片层结构对LiFePO4的良好包覆,不仅增强了材料导电性,而且提高了活性物质LiFePO4的利用率。     

热解法制备石墨烯的工艺条件优化

探讨热解还原法制备石墨烯的工艺条件对石墨烯性能的影响。通过FT-IR、XRD对不同热解时间及不同水洗条件下制备的石墨烯进行了表征,利用四探针测试系统研究了不同石墨烯的电性能。结果表明:随着热解时间的延长,石墨烯的导电性增加,热解时间为40min时制备的石墨烯有很高的导电性,电阻率为0.01Ω.cm;热解时间较短的石墨烯带有一部分极性基团,在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中有很好的分散性。水洗条件对热解法制石墨烯性能影响不大,因此可以省略水洗步骤,提高石墨烯制备效率。     

水热法制备聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的研究

以氧化石墨烯（GO）与苯胺作为前驱物,在高温高压下一步水热反应,合成了聚苯胺/石墨烯（PANI/Gr）复合材料。利用紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜研究了PANI/Gr复合材料的结构和微观形貌,进一步利用电化学工作站探究了PANI/Gr复合材料的电化学性能。研究了水热反应时苯胺与GO的投料质量比对所得复合材料的结构与电化学性能的影响。循环伏安法和恒电流充放电测试结果表明由于聚苯胺与石墨烯的相互作用,复合材料的电容性能比单组分的聚苯胺和石墨烯要高。这说明通过GO与苯胺的一步水热反应成功制备了具有优良电容性能的PANI/Gr复合材料。     

石墨烯/SnO_2/聚苯胺纳米复合材料的制备与表征

石墨烯具有独特的纳米结构和一系列极具吸引力的特性,成为新型纳米复合材料的理想载体,如纳米复合材料分散的基体.提出了一种以石墨,苯胺,四氯化锡为原料制备石墨烯/二氧化锡/聚苯胺的新方法.通过X-射线衍射,红外光谱,透射电子显微镜,扫描电子显微镜以及紫外-可见光谱对合成的材料进行表征.结果表明：二氧化锡纳米粒子原位吸附在石墨烯的表面,有效地避免了石墨烯片的堆叠,聚苯胺加入后可大大提高二氧化锡的电化学性质.     

氮掺杂石墨烯/氧化亚铜复合凝胶的制备与性能

为了拓展石墨烯凝胶材料在污水处理领域的应用,以氧化石墨烯与氢氧化铜为前驱物,氨水为氮源,葡萄糖为还原剂,利用一步水热法制备了氮掺杂石墨烯/氧化亚铜（NG/Cu2O）复合凝胶材料。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜表征产物的微观形貌与结构,通过紫外-可见分光光度计测试NG/Cu2O复合材料在不同的光照环境下对罗丹明B（RhB）染料所表现出的吸附降解性能。实验结果表明,与NG凝胶相比,NG/Cu2O复合凝胶材料表现出更好的吸附与催化降解能力,且在紫外光的光照环境下对RhB染料的吸附降解性能最佳。     

SiCp/Cu复合材料热膨胀性能研究

以电子封装基片为应用背景,采用挤压铸造方法制备了体积分数为55％,不同颗粒粒径增强的SiCp／Cu复合材料,并分析测试了颗粒粒径和热处理状态对材料热膨胀性能的影响规律．显微组织观察表明,复合材料颗粒分布均匀,材料组织致密;热膨胀性能测试表明,随着温度升高,复合材料的热膨胀系数呈非线性增加;SiC体积分数相同时,减小SiC颗粒尺寸有利于降低复合材料的热膨胀系数;退火处理可以减小基体中的热残余应力,有助于降低复合材料的热膨胀系数．     

铜基氧化物/石墨烯复合材料的研究进展

铜基氧化物/石墨烯复合材料兼顾了铜基氧化物和石墨烯两者的优势,且制备简易,廉价、无污染。分别介绍了铜基氧化物和石墨烯两种材料,以及石墨烯的制备方法,并对铜基氧化物/石墨烯复合材料目前在超级电容器、Li离子电池、光电催化、太阳能电池等诸多领域的应用情况和研究进展进行了论述。     

铜颗粒分散铌酸钾钠压电复合材料的制备与性能

在工业氮气(N2)气氛条件下制备了锂掺杂铌酸钾钠/铜(NKLN/Cu)压电复合材料,研究了铜含量对复合材料的相结构、密度、电学性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明:复合材料由NKLN陶瓷相和Cu金属颗粒两相组成,不同Cu含量复合材料的相对密度均达到95%以上。复合材料的介电常数随Cu含量的增加而急剧增加,压电常数和机电耦合系数随Cu含量的增加而减小,当Cu的体积分数达到20%时,NKLN/Cu复合材料的介电性能和压电性能均难以测量。NKLN/Cu复合材料的显微硬度随Cu含量的增加而降低,断裂韧性值随Cu含量的增加而升高,从铌酸钾钠陶瓷的1.01 MPa逐渐增至Cu的体积分数为40%时的2.81 MPa。     

石墨烯／ZnO／聚苯胺复合材料的制备及其储锂性能的研究

以六水合硝酸锌、石墨及苯胺为原料,采用传统水热一原位聚合两步法首次制备了石墨烯／ZnO／聚苯胺复合材料．通过XRD、SEM、FT—IR、TG等分析方法对产物进行表征,并测试了该复合材料的储锂能力和循环稳定性．实验结果表明：ZnO以纳米棒状结构均匀分布在石墨烯表面,聚苯胺包裹在石墨烯／ZnO的表面形成石墨烯／znO／聚苯胺复合材料．电化学性能测试结果表明：石墨烯的存在可有效提高ZnO的导电性,同时聚苯胺柔性分子链可有效缓冲ZnO在充放电过程中的体积效应,对电极材料的循环稳定性起到了至关重要的作用．     

Efficient Preparation and Characterization of Functional Graphene with Versatile Applicability

Graphene, as star versatile materials having extraordinarily high electric conductivity, electron mobility, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, optical transparency, and mechanical strength, has attracted much attention from scientists and engineers in the field of materials, chemistry, physics, energy, and environment in the last decade and achieved fruitful accomplishment. This review discusses preparation strategies, functionality, characterization, and applications for two dimensional nanosheet and quasi-one-dimensional nanoribbon of graphene through direct exfoliation of graphite, chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbon, laser-induced direct synthesis of graphene, laser etched graphene oxide in the dry state without the use of toxic reducing agent hydrazine, unzipping carbon nanotube, and polycondensation of polycyclic aromatics on the basis of 178 representative references mostly in 2015. The stabilization of graphene oxide prepared in chemical preparation in "top-down" is emphasized. Several vital classic methods of characterizing molecular structure, C/O ratio, defect, morphology, single-or few-layered (2 to 10 layers) structure, porous and hollow structures, including Raman spectroscopy, AFM, SEM, TEM, STM, electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are systematically introduced. Because graphene possesses novel incomparable multifunctionalities, its versatile applications as novel conducting additives, reinforcing filler, separation membrane, sensor, anticorrosive coating, catalyst, electromagnetic shield, lubricant, and flexible electrode materials in electrochemical and electronic devices, including photovoltaic cells, supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries, sensors, field effect transistors, light emitting diodes, separation membranes, adsorbents and absorbents, catalysts, electro-optic modulator, terahertz emitter and detector, and semiconductors, have been mentioned.Especially in the aspect of both high performance and cost-effectiveness, graphene is expected to be even superior to the expensive carbon nanotubes.     

碳纳米管与三维石墨烯协同提高导热硅脂的热性能

以二甲基硅油为基础油,碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes, CNT)/三维石墨烯(3D graphene, 3D rGO)复合碳材料为导热填料制备导热硅脂。研究表明,仅以CNT为导热填料时,管径小而管长长的CNT更有利于改善硅脂热性能。当总导热填料量为6%, CNT/3D rGO复合碳材料中CNT和3D rGO质量比为3:1时,导热硅脂的热导率提高近26%。CNT的加入对3D rGO起到了分隔和桥连的作用,短而细的CNT更有利于三维热传导网络的形成,进而可提高导热硅脂的热传导性能。     

石墨烯修饰的碳纳米纤维制备及其电热转换

为提高碳纳米纤维(CNF)的电热转换效率,改善其综合导热系数,采用静电纺丝法将氧化石墨烯(GO)添加到聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维中,经过预氧化和碳化处理后制得具有三维导热网络的CNF/rGO复合纤维膜以提高其热传输效率,并考察不同石墨烯含量和碳化温度对CNF/rGO复合纤维膜导热性能的影响.结果表明:采用rGO修饰CNF复...     

硅灰与氧化石墨烯对硬化水泥浆体的复合增强效应

研究了硅灰与氧化石墨烯复掺时对硬化水泥浆体力学性能的影响. 分别进行了普通水泥浆体、内掺质量分数10%的硅灰水泥、外掺质量分数0.8%的氧化石墨烯复合聚羧酸减水剂（GOPCs）水泥浆体以及同时内掺硅灰与外掺GOPCs的水泥浆体的配制. 对4种硬化水泥浆体的抗折强度、抗压强度以及90 d龄期孔隙率进行了测定,同时采用X射线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜对水泥水化产物进行分析,并将4种样品的力学性能进行比较. 结果表明,当掺10%硅灰时,硬化水泥浆体90 d抗压强度比空白样提高了3.6%,抗折强度提高了9.6%;当只使用氧化石墨烯复合聚羧酸减水剂而不掺硅灰时,抗压强度提高了11.9%,抗折强度提高了15.3%;当硅灰与氧化石墨烯复掺时,抗压强度提高了22.7%,抗折强度提高了38.6%. 孔隙率的变化以及XRD、SEM分析证实了这一结果. 因此,硅灰与氧化石墨烯复合聚羧酸减水剂对硬化水泥浆体具有复合增强作用.     

采用微生物覆铜板浸出液中铁离子制备 Fe2O3/石墨烯纳米复合材料的研究

针对微生物法覆铜板浸出液中的金属铁离子进行资源化处理,提高覆铜板浸出液的附加值。以水热法处理得到的铁离子溶液为原料,制备八面体和球形的Fe_2O_3/石墨烯复合材料,并将其作为锂离子电池负极材料,组装成扣式电池。结果显示:八面体形貌的Fe_2O_3/石墨烯复合材料的比容量高于球形的,其在100 mA/g电流下循环,首次放电和充电比容量分别高达1 343和970 mAh/g,在47次循环后,其放电及充电比容量分别为769和740 mAh/g。     

Wear behavior of Cu matrix composites reinforced with mixture of carbon and carbon nanotubes

In order to improve wear resistance and decrease the cost, carbon and carbon nanotubes reinforced copper matrix composites were fabricated by the power metallurgy method. The effects of carbon (carbon and carbon nanotubes) volume fraction and applied load on the friction coefficient and wear rate under dry sliding of the composites were investigated at room temperature. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the worn surfaces and debris were observed, and wear mechanism was also analyzed and discussed. The experimental wear process consists of the run-in, steady wear and severe wear process with the increasing of sliding distance. Both the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites first decrease and then increase with the increasing of carbon volume fraction. The minimum friction coefficient and wear rate are obtained when carbon is 4.0vol%. The wear mechanisms of the composites change from the adhesive wear and delamination wear to abrasive wear with the increasing of carbon volume fraction. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50873047) and the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (3ZS061-A25-039)     

石墨烯／氧化锰／聚苯胺微纳米复合材料的制备及其超级电容器性质的研究

本文主要对石墨烯／氧化锰／聚苯胺微纳米复合物作为超级电容器电极材料的制备及其电容性质进行了研究。红外光谱、X一射线光电子能谱和扫描电镜等测试结果表明已成功合成了三元微纳米复合物。通过循环伏安测试和恒电流充放电测试表明石墨烯与氧化锰以1：5的质量比进行复合得到的产物电化学储能性质最好。三元复合时,随着苯胺的增加,三元复合物的充放电时间逐渐增长,苯胺与石墨烯／氧化锰复合材料的质量比为2：1时,复合物的比电容为311F／g,比石墨烯／氧化锰的比电容（171F／g）高出近一倍,由此可知,聚苯胺的加入显著提高了二元复合物的比电容。     

TiO2/Graphene多孔微球对亚甲基蓝和乙醛的光催化活性

通过喷雾高温分解的方法制备了TiO2多孔微球和TiO2/Graphene多孔微球.石墨烯作为电子受体,能够增强TiO2电子和空穴的分离效率.另外,石墨烯的引入提高了TiO2对太阳光的利用率.在太阳光的照射下,TiO2/Graphene多孔微球对亚甲基蓝具有较高的光催化活性,然而其对乙醛的降解和CO2的生成均显示了较低的光催化活性.     

The Smart Behavior of Cement-based Composite Containing Carbon Fibers under Three-point-bending Load

1Introduction Intrinsicconductivecementbasedcompositeshavereceivedmuchattentionduringthelastdecades,becauseoftheirinterestingpotentialapplication,suchasbeingutilizedforthenondestructionoftheintegrityofconcretestructures,electromagneticinterferenceshieldin…     

Fabrication and characteristic detection of graphene nanoelectrodes

Graphene has the advantages of high electrical conductivity, high heat conductivity, and low noise, which makes it a potential option for integrated circuits interconnection and nanoelectrodes. In this paper, we present a novel fabrication method for graphene nanoeletrodes with nanogap. First, graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is assembled to a chip with microelectrodes. Second, an atomic force microscopy (AFM) based mechanical cutting method is developed to cut the graphene into nanoribbons and nanoeletrodes with nanogap. Then the electronic property of a single nanodot is characterized using the garphene nanoelectrodes, demonstrating the effectiveness of the graphene nanoelectrodes. The fabricated graphene nanoeletrode pairs can be used as probes to detect single molecule in micro-environment, and show an attractive prospect for future molecular electronics applications.