低成本硅纳米管/碳复合材料的制备及储锂性能

以天然硅酸盐矿物还原制备硅负极材料,即可以继承天然矿物结构来提高硅材料的电化学性能,又具有低成本的特点。以天然埃洛石铝热还原的产物为原料,沥青为碳源,采用简单的蒸发溶剂的方法制备了硅碳复合材料。结果表明：硅是以直径为30 nm左右的纳米管形式存在,碳层均匀地包覆在硅纳米管上,使得硅碳复合材料的直径增大,碳层厚度约为7 nm,碳以无定形结构存在,碳包覆还导致比表面积下降。电化学测试表明,与硅纳米管相比,当包覆碳含量(质量分数)为15%时电化学性能最好,首次充放电容量分别为1 387.8 mA·h/g和1 615.7 mA·h/g,首次Coulombic效率达到85.9%。不但保持住了硅纳米管的首次充放电效率,循环性能得到大幅度提升,与硅纳米管的循环200次容量保持率38%相比,包覆碳含量为15%的循环200次容量保持率提高了45.8%。包覆碳含量为15%的硅/碳复合材料的500次循环后比容量为1 065.6 mA·h/g。容量保持率为76.8%。     

SiO/C复合材料的制备及储锂性能研究

通过球磨、水热和焙烧的方法,制备了SiO/C复合材料。扫面电镜(SEM)测试结果表明,通过水热反应形成的碳微球,能够均匀包覆在氧化硅表面。恒流充放电测试表明,合成的SiO/C复合材料首次充放电容量分别为918.2和549mAh/g,经过70次循环后可逆容量为463.6mAh/g。循环性能得到改善归因于碳的均匀包覆有效缓冲了材料在循环过程中的体积变化,保持了良好的导电网络。     

锂离子电池Si/C/B_2O_3复合负极材料的研究

采用高温热解法制得Si/C/B2O3复合材料,并用XRD和XPS分析材料的物相结构和组成.以复合材料为锂离子电池电极进行恒流充放电测试,并通过循环伏安曲线和充放电曲线研究了材料的电化学反应特性.结果表明,复合材料中的硼以氧化物的形式存在,材料的可逆容量和电化学循环稳定性较硅/碳材料均有较为明显的提高,900℃条件下热解得到的材料的首次可逆容量为584 mA·h·g-1,复合材料在第40次循环的可逆容量可达到325 mA·h·g-1.     

膨胀辉钼矿/碳复合材料构筑及其储锂性能EI北大核心CSCD

天然辉钼矿具有低成本、高储存锂的优势,可直接用作锂离子电池负极材料。首先对辉钼矿进行膨胀处理,然后利用多巴胺进行表面改性,构建了膨胀辉钼矿/碳(EM/C)复合材料。膨胀法制备的蠕虫状膨胀辉钼矿(EM)具有较高的比表面积,有利于电解质的渗透和锂离子的扩散。无定形碳层有效地提高了其电导率,并为MoS_(2)循环过程中体积变大提供了缓冲空间。EM/C复合材料具有较长的循环寿命和高容量,在电流密度100 mA/g下,循环200圈容量仍可高达1213 mA·h/g,即便在1 A/g的大电流密度下,仍有623 mA·h/g的可逆容量。以辉钼矿精粉为原料构建EM/C复合材料的策略,对实现锂离子电池优异的电化学性能具有一定指导意义。     

结构有序的Si/void/C/graphene纳米复合结构的制备及储锂性能

采用简单的超声、冷冻干燥和热还原相结合的自组装方法,设计和构建了纳米硅核/间隙/无定形碳壳层/石墨烯（Si/void/C/graphene） 三维有序纳米复合结构。在该结构中,纳米硅核与碳壳层之间的空隙有效避免了硅的巨大体积膨胀对碳层的破坏,大幅度提高了锂离子电池的循环稳定性;将Si/void/C纳米结构嵌入在石墨烯层与层之间,利用石墨烯卓越的导电性和柔韧性,进一步缓冲了硅材料的体积效应和提高了复合材料的导电性能。该复合材料在4200 mA·h·g^-1（1 C）电流密度下循环1000次后比容量仍高达1603 mA·h·g^-1;在67 A·g^-1（16 C）的高倍率下,比容量仍有310 mA·h·g^-1,显示出了在锂离子电池负极材料领域的巨大应用潜力。     

纳米硅碳/石墨复合负极材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

以机械球磨法和化学气相沉积法制备的纳米硅为原料,通过喷雾干燥法制备了人造石墨@纳米硅@无定形碳材料,探究不同制备工艺的纳米硅对包覆效果的影响。结果表明,气相沉积法制备的球形硅颗粒包覆效果更好,材料的电化学性能更优,在0.1C倍率下循环150周,比容量维持在678.7 mAh·g^-1。     

硅/氧化硅/锡/碳锂离子电池负极复合材料制备及电化学性能

以一氧化硅、二氧化锡和导电碳(Super P)为原料,通过高能球磨,加入稀盐酸与糠醇发生聚合反应,再采用高温固相法制得硅/氧化硅/锡/碳复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料.用 XRD、SEM 进行表征,并进行有关电化学性能测试,首次放电比容量高达 1503 mAh·g<'-1>,循环性能得到了较大改善.     

喷雾干燥法构建硅/碳复合材料及其电化学性能研究

硅负极因其理论比容量高而受到了广泛的研究关注。但由于其导电性差和体积效应等缺点限制了硅负极的推广应用。本研究利用简便、易操作的喷雾干燥法构建了具有三维导电网络的硅/碳纳米管/碳复合材料。经过表征可知,硅/碳纳米管/碳复合材料为近球形状,具有稳定的导电框架,表现出优异的电化学性能。因此,此方法制备的硅碳复合材料有商业化应用的潜力。     

Sn/碳多孔复合材料的制备与储锂性能

通过高温煅烧乙二胺四乙酸二钠和四氯化锡混合物,制备了Sn/碳多孔复合材料。用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对材料的物相组成和形貌进行了表征,用循环伏安和恒流充放电技术测试了材料的储锂性能。结果表明:Sn/碳多孔复合材料呈多层夹心结构,作为锂离子电池负极材料经过100次充放电循环,可逆比容量保持在767 m Ah/g,在1C倍率下容量达到391 m Ah/g。     

Effect of electrochemical conditions on the performance worsening of Si/C composite anodes for lithium batteries

An effective and practical method for producing Si/C composites with 10-15 wt% of silicon nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix is developed. The procedure consists of mechanically mixing Si with pitch followed by dispersing in toluene and final heat-treatment between 1000 and 1100 °C. The homogeneity of the materials was confirmed by optical microscopy and HRTEM. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and N₂ adsorption at 77 K were applied for determining the structural and textural characteristics. The lithium insertion/deinsertion performance was monitored from the galvanostatic charge-discharge characteristics using a Si/C-lithium two-electrode cell, and varying the electrochemical parameters. Silicon essentially enhances the electrode capacity (C_rev up to 600 mAh/g for 15% Si), the effect being proportional to the component content, but it affects the cycle life. The first cycle reversible capacity increases with the decrease of current density and discharge cut-off potential. However, using such conditions during cycling leads to rapid saturation of the silicon particles, from which the decay of the electrochemical performance starts. It is demonstrated that the evolution of reversible and irreversible capacity is strongly dependent on the kinetics of lithium diffusion in silicon particles and on the discharge potential cut-off.     

Preparation of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/polytriphenylamine cathode composites with enhanced electrochemical performances towards reversible lithium storage

A series of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂/polytriphenylamine composites were successfully synthesized by ultrasound dispersion method. LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂/polytriphenylamine (5.0?wt%) composite with small and homogeneous particle size exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, which delivered an initial discharge capacity of 223.7?mAh g^?1 with a capacity retention of 84.39% after 100 cycles in the voltage range of 2.5–4.5?V and at a current density of 0.2C. Moreover, an excellent specific discharge capacity of 127.3?mAh g^?1 at a current density 5C indicates a superior rate performance of the LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂/polytriphenylamine (5.0?wt%) composite. The good electrochemical performances of the composite can be attributed to the introduction of polytriphenylamine, which increased electrical conductivity, decreased charge transfer resistance and increased Li⁺ ion diffusion ability. These noteworthy results demonstrated that LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂/polytriphenylamine composites might be potential cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.     

锂硫电池石墨烯/纳米硫复合正极材料的制备及电化学性能

利用热解还原将Hummers法制得的氧化石墨烯还原为石墨烯,并采用化学沉淀法将纳米硫成功负载到石墨烯片层上,获得石墨烯/纳米硫（RGO/nano-S）正极复合材料。利用FT-IR、XRD、SEM、TEM和Raman对所制备复合材料的微观结构、形貌等进行表征,采用恒流充放电、循环伏安法和交流阻抗法对复合材料的电化学性能进行研究。研究结果表明,热还原所得石墨烯褶皱的表面形成容纳硫及多硫离子的空间,有助于缓解活性物质溶解和抑制多硫离子迁移;同时,均匀分布的纳米硫能更好地与电解液接触,在石墨烯的导电网络上增大了电化学反应面积,进而改善了该材料作为锂硫电池的实际放比电容量和倍率循环性能。     

Lithium storage behaviors of PbNb2O6 in rechargeable batteries

Herein, we propose a new anode material, PbNb₂O₆, for use in lithium-ion batteries. PbNb₂O₆ can be synthesized via a simple and traditional solid-state method. The as-prepared powder exhibits an average size distribution of about 0.5 μm. When tested in a lithium-ion cell, the PbNb₂O₆ electrode can exhibit a charge capacity of 245.2 mAh g⁻¹ at 200 mA g⁻¹, and after 80 cycles, the capacity can retain a charge capacity of 181.4 mAh g⁻¹, showing 0.32% capacity fading per cycle. Furthermore, the capacity of the PbNb₂O₆ electrode is 223.1 mAh g⁻¹, even when cycled at 1000 mA g⁻¹, and a capacity of 150.7 mAh g⁻¹ is maintained up to 500 cycles. In addition, the lithiation mechanism of PbNb₂O₆ is investigated via various techniques. Interestingly, PbNb₂O₆ exhibits high capacity without the contribution of two redox couples of niobium after the initial cycles. Finally, all Results suggest that PbNb₂O₆ has potential for use as an electrode in lithium-ion batteries.     

锂离子电池硅/碳复合负极材料的研究进展

负极材料是制约锂离子电池发展的重要因素之一.硅/碳复合材料储锂容量高、循环稳定性好,是目前制备新型锂离子电池负极材料的研究热点.介绍了硅/碳复合材料的不同制备方法和复合结构以及优良的电化学性能,综述了硅/碳复合材料的研究进展,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

锂离子正极材料LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_2的制备及其性能研究

以尿素为沉淀剂,以乙二醇为溶剂,通过溶剂热法制备出多级前躯体Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1CO3,通过焙烧该前躯体和LiOH·H2O的混合物制备出高比容量的锂离子正极材料LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2。采用XRD、FESEM及恒流充放电测试对材料的结构、形貌和电化学进行表征,结果表明,合成的产物形貌均一,有高结晶度。在0.1 C倍率下,放电比容量为194.6 mAh g-1;当放电倍率提高到2.0 C时,该材料仍然具有78.4mAhg-1的放电比容量,并且该材料在各个倍率下具有良好的稳定性。在1.0 C的放电倍率下,经过50次循环,放电容量保持率为92.5%。     

碳/碳复合材料力学性能的研究进展

本文综述了碳/碳复合材料力学性能的研究进展,包括碳纤维、基体炭、界面性能、制备工艺及工艺参数等对碳/碳复合材料力学性能的影响。同时简单介绍了当今单向碳/碳复合材料力学性能的表征手段。希望对碳/碳复合材料力学性能的研究及应用提供帮助。     

Electrodeposition and lithium storage performance of three-dimensional porous reticular Sn-Ni alloy electrodes

Three-dimensional (3D) porous materials of Sn-Ni alloy with reticular structure were prepared by electroplating using copper foam as current collector. The structure and electrochemical performance of the electroplated 3D porous Sn-Ni alloys were investigated in detail. Experimental results illustrated that the 3D porous Sn-Ni alloy consists of mainly Ni₃Sn₄ phase with a hexagonal structure. Galvonostatic charging/discharging of annealed 3D porous Sn-Ni alloy confirmed its excellent performances: at 50th charge-discharge cycle, the discharge specific capacity is 505 mAh g⁻¹ and the corresponding charge (delithiation) specific capacity is 501 mAh g⁻¹, yielding columbic efficiency as high as 99%. It has revealed that the porous structure of the alloy can restrain the pulverization of electrode in charge/discharge cycles, and accommodate partly the volume expansion and phase transition, resulting in a significant improvement of cycle life of the Sn-Ni electrode.     

新型AB5型氧化合金/碳复合材料作为锂离子电池负极性能研究

对回收的废旧镍氢(MH-Ni)电池负极材料AB5型储氢合金进行改性再利用,经过高温氧化处理和添加改性石墨制成复合材料后,用于高性能锂离子电池负极材料.通过X射线衍射(XBD)和电子显微镜(SEM)对材料进行了简单表征,采用恒电流充放电仪对材料进行电化学性能测试.实验结果表明,所制得的AB5型氧化合金/碳复合材料的首次充...