Cu-Mn-Al催化剂的焙烧温度对催化丙二醇单甲醚脱氢反应性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了Cu-Mn-Al催化剂,研究了Cu-Mn-Al催化剂制备过程中焙烧温度对理化性能的影响。采用TG、BET、XRD、H2-TPR和NH3-TPD等技术对催化剂进行表征,并在固定床反应器中考察催化剂对丙二醇单甲醚(MOP)直接脱氢制备甲氧基丙酮(MOA)反应的活性。结果表明,焙烧温度对Cu-Mn-Al催化剂理化性能有较大影响。较高的焙烧温度,使催化剂中形成Cu1.5Mn1.5O4尖晶石,增强Cu-Mn相互作用,从而促进MOA选择性;而催化剂表面酸量随着焙烧温度的升高先减小后增加,而较多的表面酸量会促进副反应,抑制MOA选择。当焙烧温度为500℃时,Cu-Mn-Al催化剂的Cu-Mn相互作用较强且酸量最低,该催化剂上MOP转化率达61.57%,MOA选择性达96.83%。     

丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯的合成研究

采用固体酸催化剂合成丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯。测定了化学平衡常数Kp,在 36 3、373K反应温度下分别为 0 8749、0 9118。在n(HAc)∶n(丙二醇甲醚 ) =3∶1,液体空速 4～ 10h-1,反应温度36 3～ 383K工艺条件下 ,丙二醇甲醚转化率可以大于 70 % ,丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯的选择性大于96 % ,6 2 0h寿命实验表明催化剂没有明显的失活现象。     

采用HTLcs前驱体制备的丙酮一步法制MIBK催化剂

采用共沉淀法制备Cu Mg A1三元类水滑石,进而煅烧得到CuO MgO Al2O3催化剂用于丙酮加氢一步合成甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)反应。研究了催化剂活性组分配比及反应条件对转化率和选择性的影响,经筛选得到催化剂体系的最佳组成为:n(Cu)∶n(Mg)∶n(Al)=4∶16∶10,适宜的反应条件为:温度240℃,n(H2)∶n(丙酮)=2.5,液空速为4.8mL/h·g,在该条件下丙酮转化率达73.88%,MIBK选择性达55.23%。     

生物质甘油催化转化为羟基丙酮

探索了生物质甘油在铜铬催化剂作用下催化转化为羟基丙酮的反应条件,采用乙醇为溶剂,考察了甘油浓度、催化剂用量和反应温度等因素的影响。较优反应条件:反应温度240℃,采用连续滴样的进样方式,甘油浓度80%,未还原的铜铬催化剂[n(Cu)∶n(Cr)=1]用量为原料质量的2.5%,甘油转化率和羟基丙酮选择性分别达到95.4%和89.9%。     

丙二醇甲醚气固相催化合成甲氧基丙酮

以丙二醇甲醚为原料,利用共沉淀法制备的Cu-ZnO为催化剂,在固定床反应器中催化脱氢合成甲氧基丙酮.考察了催化剂制备工艺和反应条件对催化活性的影响,并对催化剂的稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,催化剂最佳制备条件是:铜锌物质的量比为0.5,沉淀温度为55℃,55℃老化1h,采用硝酸钠改性,400℃焙烧4h.催化剂最佳反应工艺:240℃下还原4h,反应温度为250℃,液空时速为40 mL/h,氮载气速度为150 mL/min.催化剂在120 h内稳定性良好.     

甲苯氧化制备苯甲醛工艺研究

研究了在常压下以Co/Mn/Br为催化剂、醋酸为溶剂的甲苯液相选择性氧化制备苯甲醛的反应过程。比较了不同类型催化剂对反应的影响,考察了反应温度与钴含量的影响,确定温和氧化条件下Co/Mn/Br的优化配比关系,获得了优化反应条件:催化剂为Co(OCOCH3)2/MnSO4—Mn(OCOCH3)2/C2H2Br4,反应温度98℃,n(Co)∶n(甲苯)=3.0∶100,n(Br)∶n(Co)=0.24%,n(Co)∶n(Mn)=3∶1。在该条件下甲苯转化率为48.69%,苯甲醛产率可达21.02%。     

丙酮合成甲基异丁基酮催化剂Cu-MgO-Al_2O_3的研究

采用共沉淀法制备丙酮气相常压一步法加氢制MIBK催化剂Cu-MgO-A12O3。研究组分配比及反应条件对转化率和选择性的影响,经筛选得到催化剂体系的最佳组成为:w(Cu)=6%,w(MgO)=24%,w(Al2O3)=70%,适宜的反应条件为:温度240℃,n(H2)∶n(丙酮)为2.5,进料速率为4.8mL/(h·g),在该条件下丙酮转化率达71.7%,MIBK选择性达51.0%。     

固体超强酸(SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2)催化合成丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯

采用固体超强酸(SO2-4/ZrO2)催化剂,丙二醇甲醚(PM)和冰醋酸(HAc)为原料进行酯化反应合成丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯(PMA)。考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间以及反应温度等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,当丙二醇甲醚与冰醋酸摩尔比为1∶1.5,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的3.6%,带水剂用量为反应物总质量的30%,反应温度为105~112℃且反应4.2h时,丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯收率可达98.84%。     

CuNi/Al2O3催化剂上乙炔选择加氢的研究

采用浸渍法制备了CuNi/Al2O3催化剂,研究了Ni负载量、Cu负载量及n(Cu)/n(Ni)对催化剂上乙炔选择加氢活性和选择性的影响,以及催化剂的还原性能。结果表明:CuNi/Al2O3催化剂中Cu提高了Ni的还原性,使催化剂具有很高的活性及乙烯选择性。随Cu/Ni原子比的提高,催化剂的活性下降,选择性升高,当Ni的负载量为10%、n(Cu)/n(Ni)=0.5时,在反应温度为50℃、反应压力为0.2 MPa、原料气流量为45 mL/min及H2流量为1.5 mL/min的反应条件下,乙炔的转化率达88.98%,乙烯的选择性达74.01%,乙烯收率为65.86%。     

丙酮合成甲基异丁基酮催化剂Cu-MgO-Al2O3的研究

采用共沉淀法制备丙酮气相常压一步法加氢制MIBK催化剂Cu-MgO-Al2O3.研究组分配比及反应条件对转化率和选择性的影响,经筛选得到催化剂体系的最佳组成为w(Cu)=6%,w(MgO)=24%,w(Al2O3)=70%,适宜的反应条件为温度240℃,n(H2)n(丙酮)为2.5,进料速率为4.8 mL/(h·g),在该条件下丙酮转化率达71.7%,MIBK选择性达51.0%.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。