基于点接触的凸轮机构润滑油膜分析

将几种常用弹流润滑最小油膜厚度公式进行了比较,并在点接触模型的基础上给出了新的计算方法.对油膜几个重要参数的影响进行了分析,计算了从动件不同运动规律下凸轮机构的最小油膜厚度.结果表明:凸轮的基圆半径和转速对于最小油膜厚度有较大影响,基圆半径越大、转速越高,则油膜越厚,因此设计时应尽量采用较大的基圆半径.     

表面织构凹坑对弹流润滑点接触摩擦力和成膜能力影响研究

零件之间形成的润滑接触在工程中广泛存在,在零件表面人工织构特定的形貌,改善接触的摩擦磨损性能,是目前工程表面设计的热点和前沿。建立等温条件下的润滑点接触分析模型,并考虑润滑粘度和密度随压力变化以及接触弹性变形,研究了表面圆柱形凹坑的直径、间距和排列方向对弹流润滑接触摩擦系数的影响。结果表明,过大或过小的凹坑直径都不利于形成油膜,降低摩擦;凹坑间距越小,对油膜形成有利,摩擦系数就越低。     

表面粗糙度对点接触弹流润滑性能的影响

本文应用多重网格法对椭圆接触的部分膜弹流问题进行了完全数值求解，计算中采用了Ｐａｔｉｒ－ｃｈｅｎｇ的平均流量模型及Ｇｅｅｎｗｏｏｄ和Ｔｒｉｐｐ的表面微峰弹性接触模型。在大量数值计算结果的基础上分析了表面粗糙度大小及纹理方向对点弹流的油膜厚度及微峰接触载荷的影响。     

脂润滑点接触副混合润滑模型研究

考虑润滑脂非牛顿特性和粗糙表面微凸体接触几何,基于润滑脂Herschel-Bulkey流变模型和微凸体K-E弹塑性接触模型,确定了润滑介质弹流作用和微凸体接触作用的并行处理方案,并提出了一种流体动压区和微凸体接触区的压力边界条件假设,建立了脂润滑点接触副混合润滑的确定性模型.结合处理边界条件的虚压力替代法,构建了混合润...     

计入表面微凹坑的动压轴承特性研究

以计入表面微凹坑的动压滑动轴承为研究对象,基于凹坑流量平衡建立了油膜特性数学模型,采用差分法离散求解得到了轴承静、动特性及稳定性参数随微凹坑深度、面积率、形状和排布方式的变化规律,对比了光滑表面的轴承特性计算结果.结果表明,凹坑形状、分布、尺寸等因素显著影响油膜承载力、流量、偏位角、平均温升等静特性参数和刚度、阻尼等动...     

表面研磨对点接触弹流润滑的影响

利用计算机模拟获得磨削加工表面及其研磨后表面,完全数值求解磨削表面及研磨表面点接触弹流润滑,就研磨对润滑的影响进行分析与研究。结果得出,表面形貌的微观弹流效应导致局部油膜压力增大,研磨能有效减缓油膜压力波动,改善表面润滑性能。     

压力容器表面凹坑应力集中的试验研究

本文对在役压力容器表面凹坑的实验作了介绍,分析了凹坑处应力集中系数与凹坑几何参数之间的关系,给出了最大应力集中系数和应力分布的经验公式。     

考虑表面粗糙度后流体动力润滑油膜特性参数的统计分析

表面粗糙度对轴承性能的影响不容忽视。本文利用流体动压基本方程和概率统计理论,对一楔形滑块进行了分析,导出了随机油膜压力、承载能力、摩擦力的数学期望和均方差计算式,并对不同的轴承参数作了计算。结果表明:表面粗糙度的增加使油膜压力、承载能力的均值降低,所有特性参数的均方差增大。统计分析方法与传统方法所得结果的最大差别在于:各特性参数作为随机变量,设计时将不能肯定其值是多少,只能利用均值和均方差的计算结果,给出其95％概率的置信区间,我们以95％的可能性相信其值将落在已知的置信区间中。     

表面缺陷对点接触等温稳态弹流润滑的影响

通过数值求解研究表面凸起和凹坑缺陷对点接触等温稳态弹流润滑油膜厚度和压力的影响,并讨论了缺陷位置和尺寸的影响。结果表明,凸起或凹坑缺陷对接触区的膜厚和压力的影响不同:当单个凸起位于接触区出口油膜颈缩处时,润滑情况较差;而单个凹坑靠近接触区中心位置时,油膜压力较高,对接触表面不利;凸起的高度越大,宽度越小,对接触区的润滑情况影响越大;而凹坑的深度和宽度越大,对接触区的润滑情况影响越大。     

The Film Behaviors of Grease in Point Contact During Microoscillation

Microoscillation is a typical case of transient motion, which occurs in many machine elements, including rolling or sliding element bearings, cams, and gears. Wear is easy to occur on the surface of such elements, particularly at the end point of the stroke, where the surfaces are momentarily static. In the present work, an experimental investigation is conducted to explore the grease film behavior of point contact lubrication during microoscillation in the case of pure rolling or pure sliding. The technique of relative optical interference intensity was used to monitor the variation of the grease film thickness and the motion of the grease in the contact area through analyzing the captured interferograms. Experimental results indicate that a crescent-shaped grease film can form along the motion direction in the contact area under microoscillation. The grease film is formed in the inlet region, and the film thickness remains while moving in the Hertzian contact area. In the case of pure rolling, the crescent-shaped grease film and the initial entrapped grease film are carried by a tow effect of moving interfaces in the contact area. However, in the case of pure sliding, there are relative motions in the sliding direction at the two interfaces of the grease/ball and the grease/disk in the Hertzian contact area. The shape of the entrapped grease remains almost unchanged while moving in the Hertzian contact area. During the repetition of microoscillations, the crescent-shaped grease film thickness drops gradually.     

Effects of Slide/Roll Ratio on the Behaviours of Grease Reservoir and Film Thickness of Point Contact

The film formation mechanism of lithium complex grease under starved condition was proposed based on the analysis of the relationship between grease reservoir and the finger-shaped lubricant along the rolling track using a laboratory built ball-on-disc test rig. Film thicknesses with rolling time at different slide/roll ratios were measured and discussed in detail. Experimental results showed that starvation occurred soon after the operation under pure rolling condition. In contrast, the contact remained fully flooded under slide–roll condition. The measurement of grease fingers proved that slide/roll ratio contributed to replenishing the contact by transferring more grease to the vicinity of the contact to form a lager lubricant reservoir. The volume of grease fingers, the inlet lubricant supply and the film thickness at different slide/roll ratios were found to be in good agreement.     

粗糙度各向异性对润滑接触面摩擦的影响

齿轮、轴承、凸轮等重载接触副的性能受表面粗糙度的显著影响。高负载情况下的摩擦因数与润滑接触面粗糙度的各向异性相关。测量的表面粗糙度可以分解为一系列具有不同波长、幅值的正弦表面粗糙度,因此,考虑各向异性正弦表面粗糙度,构建粗糙表面点接触瞬态弹性流体动力润滑(TEHL)模型,提出基于多重网格算法的粗网格构造新方法,提高粗糙表面润滑问题求解的稳健性。研究表面粗糙度各向异性对高负载情况下摩擦因数的影响规律。结果表明,粗糙度的各向异性影响接触面压力、油膜厚度分布、粗糙度形变量,从而影响摩擦因数。提出一个组合函数来量化粗糙度各向异性对摩擦因数的影响,表明全膜润滑到混合润滑的过渡不仅与载荷、速度等工况参数相关,还与粗糙度各向异性相关。     

润滑点接触粗糙表面滑动摩擦因数的实验研究

利用多功能微摩擦试验机,在轻载荷条件下测量了具有横向纹理圆盘表面的摩擦因数,得到了包括流体润滑、混合润滑和边界润滑完整的Stribeck曲线。考虑了载荷和时间对实验结果的影响,对不同粗糙度表面的Stribeck曲线进行了比较。实验的初步结果表明:增加载荷与实验时间,会获得更加稳定的实验结果;表面越粗糙,从混合润滑向流体润滑转换的临界速度越大;表面越光滑,Stribeck曲线的“谷底”越明显。     

偏心圆凸轮油膜润滑测试系统

为准确测量凸轮-挺杆接触的油膜厚度,设计制造凸轮-挺杆润滑油膜光干涉测量系统。该系统采用偏心球-玻璃盘接触副模拟凸轮-平底挺杆的点接触,通过同步带轮带动偏心球转动,实现偏心球运动过程中摩擦力、载荷的测量,同时通过双色光干涉技术对偏心圆凸轮-挺杆接触的油膜厚度进行测量。使用该系统对不同条件下偏心圆凸轮-挺杆机构油膜厚度、摩擦力进行测量,测量结果表明:载荷越大,油膜厚度越小;转速越高,膜厚越大,"鼻尖"处的惯性力越大;相同工况下,偏心距较大时,在区间0°～90°、270°～360°膜厚较高,在90°～270°区间膜厚略低;随转速的增大摩擦力最大值所在的位置前移。     

Effects of Surface Roughness on Point Contact EHL

The effects of orientation of surface roughness, entrainment (rolling) velocity, and slide/roll ratio on micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication (micro-EHL) are investigated under pointcontact conditions using the optical interferometry technique. Long bumps with constant height and wavelength produced artificially on the surface of a highly polished steel ball are used as a model roughness. It is shown that the asperities are elastically deformed and the magnitude depends on the film factor A, defined by the ratio of the central film thickness based on smooth surfaces to the composite surface roughness, as well as the surface kinematic conditions and the orientation of the asperities. It is also found that a thin or thick oil film formed at the inlet of the contact by a moving rough surface travels through the contact region at a speed very close to the average speed of the contacting surfaces. The possible mechanism is discussed.     

固体润滑滚子轴承的接触表面应力分析研究

为获得固体润滑滚动轴承滚动体与滚道处的接触应力,通过固体润滑滚子轴承拟动力学分析并考虑涂层的影响,获得了滚子轴承稳定运行过程中滚动体的力载分布。通过建立带涂层接触的平面应变问题的力学模型,将涂层与基底两种材料的特性等效为一种材料来求解滚子与接滚道触应力分布情况,并与轴承的拟动力学分析相结合,获得了滚子轴承中滚动体与固体润滑膜接触表面的接触变形、接触半径与外加载荷之间的关系,讨论了不同涂层的弹性模量以及不同涂层厚度对接触界面应力分布的影响。当涂层弹性模量比基底大时,涂层的存在使得接触半宽减少,最大名义接触应力增加;涂层弹性模量比基底小时,则与之相反。当涂层的厚度<0.01mm时,涂层的存在对固体润滑滚子轴承的接触表面应力分布影响较小;在一定范围内,当涂层的厚度逐渐增大时,涂层对轴承接触表面应力分布的影响增大。     

Film-forming Characteristics of Grease in Point Contact under Swaying Motions

The technique of relative optical interference intensity (ROII) and simple numerical calculations were used to investigate the lubricating behavior of grease lubricant films in the rolling direction under swaying motions (acceleration/deceleration). Experimental results indicate that at a same entrainment velocity of the inlet, the central film thickness under deceleration is larger than that under acceleration. The minimum central film thickness in one swaying cycle does not occur at the moment of zero entrainment, but at the initial period of acceleration. At the moment of zero entrainment, the central film is thicker than its peripheries, and the value of the central film thickness increases with increases in the changing rate of the entrainment velocity. It is thought that the transient behaviors of the grease lubricant film deviate from those in steady state conditions. The profiles of the transient film thickness and the approximate thicknesses of elastohydrodynamic contact in the rolling direction calculated by using a simple numerical method are supported by the experimental results. The numerical method can also be used to explain the behavior of the grease lubricating film under non-steady state conditions. An erratum to this article can be found at     

高速陶瓷球轴承脂润滑试验研究

在自行研制的高速轴承试验台上，对型号为6305的三点接触高速混合式陶瓷球轴承在载荷1500N，27000r/min工况下用两种润滑脂进行试验研究，并将筛选结果和油润滑条件下的温升和功耗进行了比较。试验结果表明：KK3润滑脂的可以在高速情况下对混合式陶瓷球轴承实现有效的润滑；同时kk3脂润滑下陶瓷球轴承的功耗比用10号主轴油润滑下的陶瓷球轴承低24.1%，该结果对于简化高速、短寿命轴承的润滑系统和提高轴承可靠性有重要意义。