条件随机场像素建模与深度特征融合的目标区域分割算法

针对已有的基于深度神经网络的目标区域分割算法在目标边界分割效果中存在的问题,提出融合图像像素信息与图像语义信息的目标区域分割算法.首先通过加入注意力模块的深度神经网络提取图像语义级别的信息,得到图像语义级别的全局特征;然后利用条件随机场模型对图像局部区域进行像素级别建模,得到图像的局部细节特征;最后综合利用图像的局部细节特征和图像的全局特征,得到目标区域的分割结果.实验结果表明,与已有的算法相比,该算法能够更好地分割出目标的边界区域,抑制边界区域分割粗糙的问题,得到较准确的目标分割区域.     

融合边界信息的高分辨率遥感影像分割优化算法

目的 针对目前区域分割算法获取的区域边界与真实地物边界不一致问题,利用高分辨率遥感影像地物内具有均质性和地物间边缘信息突出的特点,提出一种融合边界信息的高分辨率遥感影像分割优化算法。方法 首先采用Canny算法对遥感影像进行边缘提取并进行边缘连接处理,产生闭合边界;然后将边界与初始分割结果进行融合处理,获得新的分割结果;最后在闭合边界约束下,基于灰度相似性准则对新的分割结果进行区域合并,获得优化后的最终分割结果。结果 采用本文提出的分割优化算法对Mean Shift算法和eCognition软件获得的分割结果进行优化处理,优化后的分割结果与初始分割结果相比正确分割率（RR）平均提高了4%,验证了本文算法的有效性。结论 该优化算法适用性广,可优化基于区域、基于边界和基于聚类等多种分割方法,同时该算法既能保持高分辨率遥感影像分割的区域完整性,又能保持地物边缘细节特征,提高了分割精度。     

结合灰度直方图和细胞自动机的多模态MRI脑胶质瘤分割

为了解决脑胶质瘤边界模糊、复杂而导致的分割不准确问题,提出了一种将灰度直方图（gray level histogram,GLH）与改进的细胞自动机相结合的脑胶质瘤分割算法。首先,对脑胶质瘤的T2加权图像和液体衰减反转（FLAIR）图像进行融合;然后,利用灰度直方图特性增强脑胶质瘤区域;最后,以加权距离为特征向量用改进的细胞自动机进行分割,并得到脑胶质瘤各组织分割结果。在20组BraTS2015（brain tumor segmentation）数据库数据和10组临床脑胶质瘤数据上进行分割实验,整个肿瘤区域及核心肿瘤区域的平均分割准确率分别达到90.76%和89.73%。实验结果表明,相对于对比方法,所提算法不仅能更好地分割出对比度明显的胶质瘤区域,还在一定程度上解决了模糊胶质瘤区域分割不准确的问题。该算法在保持不增加算法复杂度的同时,亦提高了算法分割的准确性和鲁棒性。     

融合边缘测度的自然场景彩色图像区域分割

针对传统分割方法基于单个视觉线索的不足,提出一种结合两种局部边缘测度的自然场景彩色图像区域分割方法.首先,采用logistic回归模型对200幅彩色图像进行训练,建立边缘测度与对象边界的回归模型;然后,采用该模型预测图像中每个像素的边界置信度;最后,将置信度的函数以自适应权重的形式整合到均值漂移分割算法中,实现图像区域分割.近20幅图像的定量和目视对比实验结果表明,本文方法能有效地控制过分割和欠分割的产生,且具有更好的区域边界定位效果.     

边缘和区域多阶段结合的图像分割

基于局部灰度的边缘检测和基于全局灰度统计的阈值分割是两种最要的图像分割方法.针对这两种方法单独使用时得不到理想分割结果的问题,提出一种边缘和区域多阶段结合的策略,利用边缘像素的灰度确定子区域分割阈值,将边缘和区域边界距离评估作为子区域递归分割的终止条件,最后叠加边缘图修订区域分割结果.实验表明,本文方法对于目标灰度不均的细胞图像能获得理想的分割效果.     

基于区域增长和改进分水岭算法的胃腺癌细胞图像分割

提出了一种基于区域增长和改进分水岭算法的胃腺癌细胞图像分割方法。该法具有分割准确,算法结构简单等优点。该方法利用Canny边缘算子提供的边缘信息,采用区域增长法对彩色癌细胞图像进行区域分割并填充颜色。同时得到了区域的周长、面积和形态因子。在此基础上,利用距离函数图标定种子法和等值线跟踪法处理粘连区域,最终得到分割图像。     

基于解剖学特征的乳腺X线图像胸肌分割

提出了基于解剖学特征(纹理特征和形状特征)的乳腺X线图像胸肌区域分割方法. 融合边缘信息到谱聚类算法得到过分割图像. 根据区域的亮度分布和胸肌的三角形状特征,提出区域聚合算法, 从过分割图像中识别出胸肌边缘.该方法在322幅mini-MIAS (Mammographic image analysis society)乳腺图像和50幅北京大学人民医院乳腺中心乳腺图像上进行验证, 实验结果表明,该方法对不同大小、形状和亮度的胸肌分割具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于云的多光谱遥感影像边缘检测研究

提出一种基于云的多光谱遥感影像边缘检测算法。该算法依据矢量角相似性准则并结合邻域关系进行图像区域生长,在此基础之上根据影像的波段建立多维云模型,将待处理对象映射到多个云空间,通过逻辑运算生成边界云并进行多维向量的综合。构建边缘模糊特征平面,在条件概率和模糊划分熵的基础上,通过最大模糊熵原则确定最优阈值,对图像模糊边界进行提取。试验结果表明,该算法在多光谱遥感影像中能取得较好检测效果。     

融合多特征的运动一致性图像分割

目的:在彩色图像分割中,光流法能够得到运动区域,但难以获得运动目标准确的分割边界,而常用的算法往往会产生过分割。为了克服光流法的不足,在保留显著性区域的同时抑制过分割,从而获得具有运动一致性区域的分割结果,提出融合多特征的运动一致性图像分割算法。方法:首先通过Mean Shift算法获取图像的初始分割,然后利用空域信息（包括颜色、边缘和区域面积）对视觉感知上具有相似性的区域进行合并,再利用时域信息进行运动一致性区域合并,最终得到分割结果。结果:实验结果表明通过结合时空信息,该方法能够有效抑制过分割,不仅弥补了光流场不能准确提取目标边缘的不足,而且提高了分割目标的完整性。结论:与两种流行的彩色图像分割算法相比,所提方法获得了更加理想的结果。     

基于改进的JSEG算法的图像分割

针对JSEG算法在图像分割中出现的明显过分割现象,提出一种基于边缘信息的JSEG[1]改进方法。该方法首先将图像的颜色空间转换为LUV颜色空间,用PGF（Peer Group Filtering）[2]算法对图像进行平滑去噪,用分裂算法确定图像的类数,用GLA（Generalized Lloyd Algorithm）[3]算法完成量化,生成＂类图＂。然后计算每个像素的J值,并利用Canny算子检测的边缘信息,对J值进行修正,计算每个像素的局部相似程度,并在不同的尺寸下构建J图像,这样就能反映出最有可能的边界位置。最后在J图像上进行种子区域增长,直到获得最终的分割结果。实验结果表明该方法可以有效地改善JSEG算法在图像分割中存在的过分割现象。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。