利用椭偏仪研究氢气退火处理对ZnO-Ga薄膜光学性能的影响（英文）

通过溶胶凝胶技术制备了不同Ga掺杂含量的Zn O透明导电薄膜,研究了Ga掺杂对GZO薄膜结构、电学及光学性能的影响.从X射线衍射光谱分析,所有薄膜均表现为六方纤锌矿结构,经过氢气退火处理之后,薄膜的电学性能均得到提高,当Ga掺杂含量为5 at%时,得到薄膜的电阻率为3.410×10-3Ω·cm.利用可变入射角椭圆偏振光谱仪(VASE)在270~1 600 nm波长范围内研究了GZO薄膜折射率和消光系数的变化,采用双振子模型对实验数据进行拟合.     

真空退火温度对GZO/Ag/GZO三层膜性能的影响

室温下在玻璃衬底上,采用射频磁控溅射GZO(Ga掺杂ZnO)膜和离子束溅射Ag膜的方法,制备了GZO/Ag/GZO三层膜,分析了真空退火温度对样品结构、光学、电学性能的影响。结果显示:随着退火温度的升高,Ag层的结构得到明显改善,但GZO层结晶度受到了Ag扩散的影响。经过350℃退火后,样品在可见光区平均透射率达92.63%,电阻率由8.0×10–5Ω·cm降至4.0×10–5Ω·cm。     

透明导电GZO薄膜电学和光学性能的研究进展

ZnO因其价格便宜、无毒等优点,最有希望替代昂贵的掺锡氧化铟ITO,但未掺杂ZnO是高阻材料,如何提高其光电性能,制备出高质量的ZnO薄膜是实现其应用的关键。其中,Ga掺杂是提高ZnO性能的一种有效手段。从制备方法、掺杂浓度、生长条件等方面综述了Ga掺杂ZnO(GZO)薄膜光电性能的研究进展,归纳总结后发现:适当增加掺杂量、提高衬底温度等都有利于薄膜光学和电学性能的提高。目前,GZO薄膜电阻率最低可达10-3～10-4Ω.cm,透光率一般可达80%以上,光电性能可以满足透明导电膜的要求,但其性能的稳定性还不如广泛使用的ITO。因此,GZO薄膜要达到实际应用要求,尚需进一步优化工艺,提高其性能的稳定性。     

基于皮秒激光诱导击穿光谱技术的镓酸锌薄膜的快速定量分析研究

采用射频磁控溅射方法在不同的溅射功率下制备了掺杂Ga元素的ZnO透明导电薄膜材料(ZnGa₂O₄, GZO),在GZO薄膜的制备过程中,溅射功率会对样品的组分配比产生影响,从而导致GZO薄膜的性能产生差异。文中利用皮秒激光诱导击穿光谱技术(PS-LIBS)对GZO薄膜进行了微烧蚀分析,对GZO薄膜的关键元素浓度比进行了快速定量分析研究。结果表明GZO薄膜的光学性能与元素谱线强度比之间存在一定的联系,随着溅射功率的增加,Zn/Ga的谱线强度比值与浓度比呈现出一致的变化,Ga元素的含量与样品的禁带宽度变化一致。同时,使用玻耳兹曼斜线法与斯塔克展宽法对等离子体温度与电子密度进行了计算。所有结果表明,PS-LIBS技术可以实现GZO薄膜关键组分配比的快速分析,为磁控溅射法制备GZO薄膜的工艺现场的快速性能分析、制备参数的实时优化提供了技术参考。     

氩气压强对溅射法制备Ga掺杂ZnO薄膜性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备了高质量的Ga掺杂ZnO透明导电薄膜(GZO).通过X射线衍射、原子力显微镜、四探针电导率测试仪等表征方法研究了溅射气压对薄膜结晶特性及导电性能的影响.所制备的GZO薄膜是具有六角纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜,最佳择优取向为(002)方向.随着溅射气压的增大,薄膜方块电阻与薄膜电阻率均随之增大.最小方块电阻可达17.6 Ω/□,最小薄膜电阻率为7.3×10~(-4) Ω·cm.另外,GZO薄膜在可见光范围内的透过率达到了90%以上.     

退火处理对磁控溅射制备Ga掺杂ZnO薄膜性能的影响

采用磁控溅射法在普通玻璃上制备了Ga掺杂ZnO(GZO)薄膜,研究了退火处理对GZO薄膜组织结构、表面形貌及光电性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外分光光度计、四探针测试仪等对GZO薄膜的表面形貌、晶体结构、透光率及电阻率等进行测量与表征。结果表明:400~800℃退火对GZO薄膜的生长方式影响较小,所制薄膜均在(002)晶向沿c轴择优取向,退火温度对薄膜表面形貌影响较大,退火温度为600℃时,薄膜表面致密、平整,结晶质量最好,薄膜的透光率超过95%,电阻率最低为4.9×10~(-4)?·cm。     

射频磁控溅射制备ZnO：Ga透明导电膜及特性

采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备出高质量的镓掺杂氧化锌 (ZnO∶Ga)透明导电膜 ,并对薄膜的结构和光电特性以及制备参数对薄膜性能的影响进行了研究 .制备的ZnO∶Ga是具有六角纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜 ,最佳择优取向为 (0 0 2 )方向 .薄膜的最低电阻率达到了 3 9× 10 -4Ω·cm ,方块电阻约为 4 6Ω/□ ,薄膜具有良好的附着性 ,在可见光区的平均透过率达到 90 %以上 .     

基于HfO2栅介质的Ga2O3 MOSFET器件研制

采用金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)方法在(010) Fe掺杂半绝缘Ga2O3同质衬底上外延得到n型β-Ga2O3薄膜材料,材料结构包括400 nm的非故意掺杂Ga2O3缓冲层和40 nm的Si掺杂Ga2O3沟道层.基于掺杂浓度为2.0×1018 cm-3的n型β-Ga2O3薄膜材料,采用原子层沉积的25 nm的HfO2作为栅下绝缘介质层,研制出Ga2O3金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET).器件展示出良好的电学特性,在栅偏压为8V时,漏源饱和电流密度达到42 mA/mm,器件的峰值跨导约为3.8 mS/mm,漏源电流开关比达到108.此外,器件的三端关态击穿电压为113 V.采用场板结构并结合n型Ga2O3沟道层结构优化设计能进一步提升器件饱和电流和击穿电压等电学特性.     

射频磁控溅射制备ZnO∶Ga透明导电膜及特性

采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备出高质量的镓掺杂氧化锌（ZnO∶Ga）透明导电膜，并对薄膜的结构和光电特性以及制备参数对薄膜性能的影响进行了研究．制备的ZnO∶Ga是具有六角纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜，最佳择优取向为(002)方向．薄膜的最低电阻率达到了3.9×10－4Ω·cm，方块电阻约为4.6Ω/□，薄膜具有良好的附着性，在可见光区的平均透过率达到90％以上．     

ZnO:Ga透明电极LED的制备及性能分析

基于本实验室的实验条件,采用射频磁控溅射、等离子干法刻蚀等技术成功制备出具有ZnO∶Ga(GZO)透明电极的LED芯片。实验研究了相同工艺条件制备的ITO透明电极LED芯片和GZO透明电极LED芯片,对比实验结果表明GZO薄膜沉积工艺简单,其器件性能与ITO电极LED相当。相同条件下制备的GZO薄膜可见光波段透过率约90%,而ITO仅为75%。实验室制备的LED器件均具有较高的阈值电压,一方面p-GaN与ZnO的禁带宽度相差4.13 eV,接触势垒大,另一方面器件制备过程中的等离子体损伤薄膜表面和器件性能。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.