生物曝气滤池处理生活污水工艺特性研究

以小试规模研究了生物曝气滤池处理生活污水时对COD ,NH3-N的去除 ,在最佳工艺条件 (HRT =1 5 9h ,气水比 =7∶1)下 ,NH3-N的平均去除率为 74 2 % ,出水NH3-N≤ 15mg/L ,COD≤ 6 0mg/L ,BOD≤ 2 0mg/L ,SS≤ 2 0mg/L。探讨了COD负荷、NH3-N负荷、反冲洗和气水比对生物曝气滤池运行效果的影响     

ABR—好氧组合工艺对农村生活污水处理效果研究

研究了厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)分别与跌水曝气和曝气生物滤池组合工艺对农村生活污水中COD_(Cr)和氨氮的去除效果,并对两种组合工艺去除效果进行了比较。结果表明:采用ABR—好氧组合工艺处理生活污水,COD_(Cr)的平均去除率基本上稳定在84.2%左右,这说明生活污水经过ABR厌氧反应器和好氧处理后,能有效去除污水中的有机物;在后续好氧段,采用跌水曝气作为后处理,COD_(Cr)去除率比单独采用ABR提高了9.5%,采用曝气生物滤池作为后处理,COD_(Cr)去除率提高了24.9%,与ABR—跌水曝气相比,采用ABR—曝气生物滤池去除COD_(Cr)的效果较好;ABR—好氧组合工艺对氨氮的去除效果较差,达不到理想的去除效果。     

低温条件下水解——AICS工艺在小城镇污水处理厂的应用研究

为了研究低温条件对水解—交替内循环活性污泥工艺(AICS)的影响,针对吉林省某市采用该工艺的污水处理厂冬季实际运行状况进行了监测分析.研究结果表明,低温对水解-AICS工艺的COD和氨氮去除效果影响较小,COD和氨氮的平均去除率分别达80％和70％以上,但低温限制了生物反硝化过程,冬季进水低负荷也限制了聚磷菌的好氧摄磷,使TN、TP的去除率下降;前端水解池的设置,有效提高了SCOD/TCOD,使溶解性有机物大大增加,有效改善了污水的可生化性.     

七段Bardenpho工艺在污水处理厂中的实践及效果分析

针对污水处理厂的低碳氮比进水,开发了七段Bardenpho工艺,通过设置多点进水、多点碳源投加和缺氧/好氧可调节段,为污水处理厂提供了多种工艺运行方案,保证出水水质稳定达标,降低运行成本.运行结果表明,七段Bardenpho工艺对有机物、氮和磷等污染物去除效果良好,在冬季最不利工况下,二沉池出水的平均COD为23.5 mg/L、NH3-N为0.86 mg/L、TN为14.3 mg/L和TP为0.17 mg/L,去除率分别为92.2％、97.5％、68.5％和97.1％,实现了在二级生物处理中最大限度去除污染物,深度处理作为出水稳定达标保障处理单元的设计目标.     

采用“臭氧-粉末活性炭-曝气生物滤池”组合工艺深度处理印染废水

采用“臭氧-微量粉末活性炭-曝气生物滤池”组合工艺,考察了苏南某污水处理厂二级出水深度处理的运行效果及作为回用水的可行性。结果表明,当投加的臭氧和粉末活性炭质量浓度分别为25mg/L和20mg/L,曝气生物滤池的水力停留时间为6h,气水比为3∶1时,组合工艺出水的ρ（COD）和ρ(NH₃-N)平均值分别为49mg/L和0.28mg/L,出水平均色度为7,平均脱色率达90%,满足回用水水质要求。检测发现,臭氧氧化和粉末活性炭吸附对可溶性微生物产物有较高的去除率。     

A~2/O工艺升级改造工程的实施效果与问题分析

某污水处理厂采用A2/O工艺,扩建、升级改造工程同步实施,采用二级强化处理,深度处理采用V型滤池工艺。升级改造后,污水处理厂实际运行数据表明,CODCr、BOD5、SS、NH3—N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达到83.4%、93.8%、81.6%、94.3%、51.1%和88.5%,出水各项指标基本能够稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)一级A标准。对各污染物指标进行分析,提标改造工程的实施对TN去除的影响相对较小,TN的稳定达标更多地依赖于工艺设计和运行优化。     

基于ASM2D模型对改良DAT-IAT工艺模拟

以ASM2D模型为基础,STOAT软件为工具,结合抚顺市某污水处理厂的实际运行情况建立改良DAT-IAT工艺数学模型。根据模型需求,通过对模型进水组分的测定,得到该污水处理厂进水COD中SI、SA、SF、XS、XI占总COD的比例分别为3.54%、2.02%、4.59%、54.24%、35.61%。结合该厂实测水质对改良DAT-IAT工艺进行模型检验,结果表明:经过参数校核后的数学模型所得到的模拟结果与实测结果比较吻合,能较好地反映工艺的运行情况,为污水处理厂模拟与优化控制提供技术支持。     

生活污水悬浮体去除特性试验及对后续生化处理的影响研究

采用实验室模拟试验,研究了曝气沉砂预处理中不同曝气时间和曝气强度、重力沉淀预处理中不同沉淀时间下对生活污水悬浮固体的去除效果,确定了合适的曝气沉砂和初沉试验参数,考察了后续生化处理的效果,并与采用污水处理厂实际预处理参数的处理效果进行了比较.结果表明,曝气沉砂合适参数是曝气量0.095 m3/h.曝气时间3 min,曝气头高度离底1.5/5,生活污水中悬浮固体、古沙量、总氮、总磷和总化学需氧量的去除率分别为21.18%、43.56%、2.91%、2.02%、5.63%.重力沉淀的合适初沉时间为30 min,生活污水中悬浮固体、总氮、总磷和总化学需氧量的去除率分别为50.1%、3.5%、10.1%、31.87%.对后续生化处理无不良影响,预处理适当.     

深圳市布吉污水处理厂构建人工湿地试验研究

为了最大程度地改善深圳市布吉河水质状况,在先期进行布吉污水处理厂中试试验的基础上,建设了小型人工湿地,深度处理污水处理厂二级出水,探讨污水处理厂二级出水在人工湿地基础上的改善程度,为该市布吉污水处理厂建设完成后是否规划建设景观湿地提供参考依据。结果表明:人工湿地对二级出水的COD、NH3-N、TN、TP等重要控制指标均有比较明显的深度处理作用;夏季的运行效果总体上比秋、冬季处理效果好,季节变化对TN去除率的影响最为明显,但对出水COD、NH3-N、TP指标影响相对较小。     

MBBR工艺用于工业区污水处理厂的提标改造

北京某污水处理厂提标改造工程规模为5万m~3/d,在分析现有污水处理厂工艺、处理水质及运行情况的基础上,结合本次提标出水水质指标,选择以MBBR为主处理工艺对现污水处理厂二级出水进行深度处理,新建进水提升泵房、MBBR池、气浮车间、CMF及臭氧接触氧化等处理单元。由于现污水处理厂进水95%以上为工业废水,进水水质复杂可生化性较差,通过现状SBR工艺处理后的污水营养物质比例失衡,且污水中剩余物质较难降解。通过MBBR及后续工艺进行处理,出水COD、BOD_5、NH_3-N、TN、TP、SS的年平均值为21.7 mg/L、3.1 mg/L、0.57 mg/L、7.84mg/L、0.15mg/L、2.54mg/L,年平均去除率为31%、26%、70%、23%、42%、70%;MBBR工艺能有效去除污水处理厂二级出水中较难降解的污染物,出水水质较为稳定。     

水解-气浮-曝气生物滤池工艺在印染废水处理中的应用

采用水解 气浮 曝气生物滤池工艺处理印染废水的运行结果表明 :在原废水COD为830mg/L ,色度为 560倍 ,BOD为 2 90mg/L的条件下 ,其去除率分别为 82 % ,94 %和 93% ,出水达标排放。     

Fate of oestrogenic compounds and identification of oestrogenicity in a wastewater treatment process.

Understanding of the fate of oestrogen and oestrogenic compounds is important in improving the removal efficiency for oestrogens in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study an attempt was made to clarify the fate of oestrogen, oestrogen sulphates, and oestrogenic compounds (synthetic oestrogen, nonylphenol and its relatives) by an instrumental analysis, and the fate of oestrogenicity by an in vitro assay. The investigation was conducted in an activated sludge WWTP in winter and summer, focusing on identification of the primary substances that induce oestrogenicity. Wastewater samples were analysed by employing the silica-gel fractionation technique in conjunction with two-step column chromatography. The results revealed that, in winter, the WWTP efficiencies for the removal of nitrogen and oestrogens decreased and the oestrone level increased with the progress of the treatment. Oestrone and oestrogenic substances are likely to circulate between the aeration tank and the final sedimentation tank. In summer, however, these compounds were effectively removed in the WWTP. The results of the column chromatography coupled with the bioassay suggested that E1 and E2 are the predominant contributors to the oestrogenicity in the influent, return sludge and effluent of the WWTP. The measurement by the instrumental analysis supported these findings.     

不同植物配置人工湿地冬季生活污水净化效果比较

以某三级串联水平潜流人工湿地污水处理工程为实验基地,研究了5种华南地区常见湿地植物的选择和配置对净化冬季生活污水的影响,为华南地区人工湿地合理优化配置植物提供一定的依据。结果表明:人工湿地系统在冬季对COD、BOD5、TP和大肠菌群仍有较好的去除效果,对TN的去除效果较差。在实验条件下,COD和BOD5的降解主要发生在第一级湿地单元,TP和TN的降解主要发生在第三级湿地单元。三级串联湿地系统净化效果较佳的植物搭配是:第一级栽种水生美人蕉,第二级栽种再力花,第三级栽种菖蒲。     

Effect of loading rate on performance of constructed wetlands treating an anaerobic supernatant.

The effect of organic loading, season and plant species on the treatment of fish farm effluent was tested using three-year old mesocosm wetland systems. During one year, nine 1 m2 mesocosms (horizontal subsurface flow), located in a controlled greenhouse environment, were fed with a reconstituted fish farm effluent containing a high fraction of soluble components (1,600 microS/cm and in mg/L: 230 +/- 80 COD, 179 +/- 60 sCOD, 100 +/- 40 TSS, 37 +/- 7 TKN, 14 +/- 2 TP). Combinations of three hydraulic loading rates (30, 60 and 90 L.m(-2) d(-1)) and two plant species (Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia) and an unplanted control were tested for treatment performance and hydraulic behaviour. Loadings higher than 15 g COD m(-2) d(-1) resulted in a net decrease of hydraulic performances (generation of short circuiting) coupled with low TKN removal. Maximal TKN removal rates (summer: 1.2, winter: 0.6 g.m(-2) d(-1)) were reached in planted units. In all mesocosms, phosphorus was removed during summer (maximal removal rate: 0.3 g TP m(-2) d(-1)) and was released in winter (release rate = approximately half of summer removal rate). This study confirmed that constructed wetlands are susceptible to clogging when treating anaerobic storage tank supernatant rich in highly biodegradable compounds. Contributions of plants to hydraulic efficiency were mainly observed in summer, associated with high evapotranspiration rates. Both plant species gave a similar removal efficiency for all pollutants.     

THE VELOCITY FIELD OF MULTIPHASE FLOW AND EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL AERATION FILTER

Aeration is an important factor affecting the biological aeration filter. With a set of experiment device specially designed for the purpose, and the particle image velocimetry technique, the velocity field of the gas-liquid two-phase flow is studied under different conditions. The various simulated aeration states were actually applied to the experimental device of sewage treatment, and the results of the numerical simulation were verified. The final experimental results indicate that the most efficient state occurs when the ratio of water in aeration tank h/w=1, the diameter of capillary tubes d=0.6mm and the velocity of bubbles v=0.3m/s.     

不同孔眼数量下曝气池中气液两相流数值模拟

曝气池是活性污泥处理系统中的核心处理构筑物,而曝气池中气液两相分布及其流动规律对曝气作用的影响又至关重要。本文运用FLUENT软件对曝气池内气液两相流动问题进行了数值模拟,并对比了相同的曝气量,不同的孔眼数量下,曝气池内气液两相的分布情况和流动规律,说明了在本文所模拟的工况下采用孔眼数量为五孔时曝气效率最高。     

Aeration effect on the efficiency of swine manure treatment in a trickling filter packed with organic materials.

Effect of aeration rate on the removal of organic matter and nitrogen and on the formation of NH3, N2O and N2 was studied for an extensive biofiltration system packed with an organic media, which was used to treat pig manure. The results show high removal of BOD5 and TSS (99 and > or = 98%), independently of the four aeration rate tested (3.4-34 m3/m2 x h). Aeration rate > or = 4.4 m/h resulted in high ammonia stripping during start-up (> or = 1.0 kg NH3-N/m3 of swine manure treated), while using 3.4 m/h only 0.3 kg NH3-N/m3 were stripped. Complete nitrification was achieved after day 100 of operation, except in the biofilter with the lowest aeration rate. Simultaneous denitrification established in all the biofilters. Applying an aeration rate of 9.4 m/h up to 1.2 kg nitrogen was removed in the form of N2 for each m3 of swine manure treated. Contrary to the expectations, N2 formation and release increased with the aeration rate. This particular behaviour seems to be related to the punctual accumulation of water layers inside the biofilters, caused by the air force flowing in the opposite direction to the water flux. N2O production was quite similar in all biofilters (between 0.25-0.36 kg N2O-N/m3 of swine manure treated).     

基于节能的鼓风曝气系统溶解氧稳定智能控制方法

目前,国内大多数采用活性污泥法的城市污水处理厂的曝气控制系统普遍存在着溶解氧浓度波动大、曝气量冗余大、曝气单元能耗高等问题。介绍了一种基于气量动态变化反馈控制原理与PID反馈控制原理的鼓风曝气系统溶解氧稳定智能控制方法,该方法可以使曝气池适应污水处理厂进水水量和水质的变化,保持溶解氧浓度的稳定,对污水处理厂稳定安全的运行和降低系统能耗均有显著效果。该方法对于采用鼓风曝气的活性污泥法工艺具有良好的普适性和有效性,并在实际应用中取得了很好的效果。     

Computational fluid dynamics modelling of hydraulics and sedimentation in process reactors during aeration tank settling.

Aeration tank settling is a control method allowing settling in the process tank during high hydraulic load. The control method is patented. Aeration tank settling has been applied in several waste water treatment plants using the present design of the process tanks. Some process tank designs have shown to be more effective than others. To improve the design of less effective plants, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of hydraulics and sedimentation has been applied. This paper discusses the results at one particular plant experiencing problems with partly short-circuiting of the inlet and outlet causing a disruption of the sludge blanket at the outlet and thereby reducing the retention of sludge in the process tank. The model has allowed us to establish a clear picture of the problems arising at the plant during aeration tank settling. Secondly, several process tank design changes have been suggested and tested by means of computational fluid dynamics modelling. The most promising design changes have been found and reported.