凉味剂N-乙基-L-薄荷基甲酰胺的合成

凉味剂N-乙基-L-薄荷基甲酰胺,凉感强度是薄荷醇的1.5倍,具有无气息、低挥发性、无苦味、无灼烧感、低毒性、凉感持久等优点。该文考察了以薄荷醇为起始原料,通过格氏反应制备N-乙基-L-薄荷基甲酰胺的方法。薄荷醇与五氯化磷在无水氯化铁的催化作用下反应得到氯代物,收率可达90%左右。薄荷基氯的格氏试剂与二氧化碳反应,干冰与二氧化碳气体相比较,二氧化碳气体反应得到薄荷基-3-羧酸的产率更高,格氏试剂与二氧化碳气体的摩尔比为1∶45,反应温度为-40℃,得到薄荷基3-羧酸的产率达55%。薄荷基-3-羧酸转化为酰氯后与乙胺反应得粗产物,GC分析表明,其中薄荷酰胺和新薄荷酰胺的摩尔比为87/13。粗产物经重结晶后得纯的N-乙基-L-薄荷基甲酰胺。总收率约40%。     

新型凉味剂N-乙基-L-薄荷基甲酰胺的合成研究

凉味剂N -乙基-L- 薄荷基甲酰胺可以通过L -薄荷腈与硫酸乙酯反应制备,而L -薄荷腈可以由L -薄荷脑为原料经二步反应制备。     

高效清凉剂薄荷酰胺的合成

清凉剂薄荷酰胺,即WS－3,可以以左旋薄荷醇为原料,经氯代、羧酸化和酰氯化、酰胺化等步制成,以左旋薄荷醇为起始原料计,总产率为31．3％。样品薄荷酰胺通过GC、in．P．、旋光度等测定及红外光谱等分析,证明其结构与性质和进口样品一致。高效清凉剂薄荷酰胺凉味纯正强烈,无杂味。     

薄荷基甲酸薄荷酯的合成研究

首先以薄荷基甲酸与亚硫酰氯为原料,制得薄荷基甲酰氯;然后以薄荷基甲酰氯和L-薄荷醇进行反应,用无水吡啶为溶剂和缚酸剂,一锅法制得薄荷基甲酸薄荷酯。通过单因素实验和正交试验设计确定优化条件为:n(L-薄荷醇)∶n(薄荷基甲酸)=1∶1.5,n(L-薄荷醇)∶n(无水吡啶)=1∶6,反应温度为60℃,搅拌反应3 h,平均收率达83.91%。得到的目标产物经过IR,1HNMR及MS对其结构进行确认,通过感官评价可知薄荷基甲酸薄荷酯具有较好生理凉感,味觉凉感阈值为1.5 mg·L-1,100 mg·L-1的薄荷基甲酸薄荷酯溶液浸渍的滤纸条能在口中维持凉感的持续时间约为20 min。     

（1S，2S，5R）-薄荷基取代烯烃的合成

以(L)-薄荷基氯为原料,通过薄荷基氯化镁分别与烯丙基溴、2-甲基-3-氯丙烯、1-溴-3-甲基-2-丁烯在Cul催化下发生偶联反应,首次合成了3-(1S,2S,5R)-薄荷基-1-丙烯,2-甲基-3-(1S,2S,5R)-薄荷基-1-丙烯和2-甲基-4-(1S,2S,5R)-薄荷基-2-丁烯,总收率分别为80.5%、83.1%和79.6%.探讨了影响反应的多种因素,找到了较好的合成条件,并用IR、 1HNMR和元素分析对产物进行了表征.     

维拉佐酮的合成

以5-硝基苯并呋喃-2-羧酸乙酯为原料,经氢化得到5-氨基苯并呋喃-2-羧酸乙酯,与N,N-双(2-氯乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯发生成环反应得5-(4-叔丁氧羰基-1-哌嗪基)苯并呋喃-2-羧酸乙酯,再与甲酰胺反应制得5-(4-叔丁氧羰基-1-哌嗪基)苯并呋喃-2-甲酰胺,经盐酸甲醇溶液处理得重要中间体5-(1-哌嗪基)苯并呋喃-2-甲酰胺盐酸盐,最后与3-(4-氯丁基)-5-氰基吲哚缩合得到维拉佐酮。     

由格氏反应制备若干合成香料

本文概述了由格氏反应制备 2 ,6 二甲基庚醇 2、N 乙基 薄荷基甲酰胺、8 烯丙基 8 羟基三环 [5 ,2 ,1 ,0 2 ,6]癸烷。     

帕尼培南的合成

以对硝基苯甲醇为原料,经酯化、烯醇化,与(3R,4R)-3-[(1R)-1-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧)乙基]-4-(乙酰氧基)氮杂环丁烷-2-酮缩合、水解以及环合得到帕尼培南的重要中间体(5R,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-羟乙基]碳青霉烷-2-酮-3-羧酸对硝基苄酯.(5R,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-羟乙基]碳青霉烷-2-酮-3-羧酸对硝基苄酯与(S)-1-(对硝基苄氧羰基)-3-巯基吡咯烷经缩合、脱保护等反应合成标题化合物.经元素分析和 1HNMR测试确定了化学结构,总收率27.1%(以对硝基苯甲醇计),产品纯度98.3%.合成路线操作简便,条件温和,有利于大规模生产.     

泰比培南酯工艺改进

本研究改进了泰比培南酯的合成工艺,开发了各中间体、成品的结晶提纯工艺,突破了文献报道的采用柱色谱分离纯化的方法,建立了更适合产业化生产的合成工艺。以(R)-2-((2S,3S)-3-((R)-1-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)乙基)-4-氧代氮杂环丁烷-2-基)丙酸(6)为起始原料,经二步缩合、重氮化,用异丙醇升温溶解降温析晶的方法得到(新戊酰氧基)甲基(R)-4-((2R,3S)-3-((R)-1-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)乙基)-4-氧代氮杂环丁烷-2-基)-2-重氮-3-氧代戊酸酯(5);酸性条件下脱保护基,以乙酸乙酯溶解,甲苯析晶的方法得(新戊酰氧基)甲基(R)-4-((2R,3S)-3-((R)-1-羟基乙基)-4-氧代氮杂环丁烷-2-基)-2-重氮-3-氧代戊酸酯(4);然后辛酸铑作用下环合、与二苯氧基磷酰氯缩合,以乙酸乙酯良溶剂,加庚烷析晶的方法得(新戊酰氧基)甲基(4R,5R,6S)-3-((二苯氧基磷酰基)氧基)-6-((R)-1-羟基乙基)-4-甲基-7-氧代-1-氮杂双环[3.2.0]庚-2-烯-2-羧酸酯(3);最后与泰比培南酯侧链缩合,以乙酸乙酯溶解,加庚烷析晶的方法得目标产物泰比培南酯(1)。     

沙格列汀的合成

以金刚烷乙酸为起始原料,经溴代、混酸氧化、氨解、氨基Boc保护以及(1R,2S)-2-氨基-1,2-二苯基乙醇拆分得到(S)-N-叔丁氧羰基-3-羟基-1-金刚烷甘氨酸,之后再与(1S,3S,5S)-2-氮杂二环[3.1.0]己烷-3-甲酰胺对甲苯磺酸盐在HATU条件下缩合得到N-[(1S)-2-[(1S,3S,5S)-3-氨甲酰基-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-基]-1-(3-羟基-1-金刚烷)-2-氧代乙基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯,最后经酰胺脱水、氨基脱保护反应得到沙格列汀,总收率为16.1%,纯度为99.8%,e.e.99.9%。     

龙眼核中的神经酰胺和脑苷脂的分离和鉴定

研究龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)果核的化学成分,采用硅胶柱色谱对龙眼果核石油醚提取物和体积分数95%乙醇提取物进行分离,并利用理化性质和光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。从龙眼果核的提取物中分离得到一组混合神经酰胺(化合物1、2)和一组混合脑苷脂(化合物3～6),结构鉴定为Rel-(3S,4S,5S)-3-[(2'R)-2'-羟基二十二酰胺]-4-羟基-5-[(4″Z)-十四烷-4″-烯]-2,3,4,5-四氢呋喃(1)、Rel-(3S,4S,5S)-3-[(2'R)-2'-羟基二十四酰胺]-4-羟基-5-[(4″Z)-十四烷-4″-烯]-2,3,4,5-四氢呋喃(2)、1-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-(2'-羟基二十四酰胺)-8-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(3)、1-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-(2S,3S,4R,8Z)-2-(2'-羟基二十四酰胺)-8-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(4)、1-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-(2'-羟基二十二酰胺)-8-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(5)、1-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-(2S,3S,4R,8Z)-2-(2'-羟基二十二酰胺)-8-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(6)。     

手性氨基烷基酚的合成及其绝对构型的确定

合成了新型催化剂（1S，2R）-1-[[（1R）-1-（2-羟基-5-甲基苯基）乙基]氨基}-2-茚满醇，其结构通过IR、1H NMR和元素分析得到证实。绝对构型通过对其单晶的x-射线衍射结果分析，确定了新化合物的绝对构型为（S，R，R）。     

Structural Requirements in Chiral Diphosphine-Rhodium Complexes. V. Asymmetric Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Z-α-acetamidocinnamate Esters of Chiral Alcohols with DIOP-Rhodium(I) Complexes and Symmetrical Diphosphine-Rhodium(I) Complexes

Z-(−)-(1R, 3R, 4S)-menthyl-α-acetamidocinnamate was hydrogenated with neutral diphosphine-rhodium(I) complexes containing (+)-(2S, 3S) or (−)-(2R, 3R)-2,3-isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane(DIOP) to give a diastereomeric mixture of N-acetylphenylalanine (1R, 3R, 4S)-menthyl ester (76.8% diastereomeric excess [d.e.] (S, 3R) and 52.5% d.e. (R, 3R), respectively). The behavior of the unsaturated (−)-menthyl ester substrate was also investigated with neutral diphosphine-rhodium(I) complexes containing symmetrical α, ω-bis(diphenylphosphino)alkanes {Ph₂P(CH₂)_nPPh₂} 6.6% d.e. (S, 3R) [n = 3]; 12.0% d.e. (R, 3R) [n = 4]; 7.2% d.e. (R, 3R) [n = 5]; and 7.4% d.e. (R, 3R) [n = 6]. Z-(−)-(1S, 2R, 4S)-bornyl-α-acetamidocinnamate was similarly studied: 49.8% (S, 2R)[(+)-(2S, 3S)-DIOP]; 64.1% d.e. (R, 2R) [(−)-(2R, 3R)-DIOP]; 4.9% d.e. (S, 2R) [n = 3]; 9.1% d.e. (R, 2R) [n = 4]; 13.6% d.e. (R, 2R) [n = 5]; and 12.0% d.e. (R, 2R) [n = 6].     

反式-5-(4-氯苯基)-4-甲基-2-氧代噻唑烷酮的合成

报道了一种合成噻螨酮关键中间体——反式-5-(4-氯苯基)-4-甲基-2-氧代噻唑烷酮的方法。以赤式-1-对氯苯基-2-氨基丙醇盐酸盐和二硫化碳为原料,在130℃下直接环合得到反式5-(4-氯苯基)-4-甲基-2-氧代噻唑烷酮,收率82%,色谱纯度99%;再经双氧水氧化得到噻螨酮关键中间体,收率84%,色谱纯度95%。该工艺流程经两步合成得到目标产物,简化了操作步骤,缩短了反应时间,避免了酸性废水的排放,符合绿色化工的要求。     

A new ceramide from the basidiomycete Russula cyanoxantha

A new phytosphingosine-type ceramide (1) was isolated along with nine other compounds-5alpha,8alpha-epidioxy(22E,24R)-ergosta-6,22-dien-3beta-ol, 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxy-(24S)-ergosta-6-en-3beta-ol, (24S)-ergosta-7-ene-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol, (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol, inosine, adenine, L-pyroglutamic acid, fumaric acid, and D-allitol from the ethanol and chloroform/methanol extract of the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Russula cyanoxanotha (Schaeff.) Fr. The structure of (1) was established as (2S,3S,4R,2'R)-2-(2'-hydroxytetracosanoylamino) octadecane-1,3,4-triol by means of spectroscopic and chemical methods.     

Enantiocomplementary enzymatic resolution of the chiral auxiliary: cis,cis-6-(2,2-dimethylpropanamido)spiro[4.4]nonan-1-ol and the molecular basis for the high enantioselectivity of subtilisin Carlsberg

cis,cis-(+/-)-6-(2,2-Dimethylpropanamido)spiro[4.4]nonan-1-ol, 1, a chiral auxiliary for Diels-Alder additions, was resolved by enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the corresponding butyrate and acrylate esters. Subtilisin Carlsberg protease and bovine cholesterol esterase both showed high enantioselectivity in this process, but favored opposite enantiomers. Subtilisin Carlsberg favored esters of (1S,5S,6S)-1, while bovine cholesterol esterase favored esters of (1R,5R,6R)-1, consistent with the approximately mirror-image arrangement of the active sites of subtilisins and lipases/esterases. A gram-scale resolution of 1-acrylate with subtilisin Carlsberg yielded (1S,5S,6S)-1 (1.1 g, 46 % yield, 99 % ee) and (1R,5R,6R)-1-acrylate (1.3 g, 44 % yield, 99 % ee) although the reaction was slow. The high enantioselectivity combined with the conformational rigidity of the substrate made this an ideal example to identify the molecular basis of the enantioselectivity of subtilisin Carlsberg toward secondary alcohols. When modeled, the favored (1S,5S,6S) enantiomer adopted a catalytically productive conformation with two longer-than-expected hydrogen bonds, consistent with the slow reaction rate. The unfavored (1R,5R,6R) enantiomer encountered severe steric interactions with catalytically essential residues in the model. It either distorted the catalytic histidine position or encountered severe steric strain with Asn155, an oxyanion-stabilizing residue.     

中试规模合成青霉烯和碳青霉烯类抗生素关键中间体4-AA

该文研究了青霉烯和碳青霉烯关键中间体4-AA的生产工艺。在-5℃,L-苏氨酸与亚硝酸钠、盐酸、氢氧化钠发生重氮化、分子内亲核取代反应生成(2R,3R)-2,3-环氧丁酸(中间体A),收率74.5%。A再与对甲氧苯氨基乙酸乙酯(中间体B)反应5～6 h制得(2R,3R)-N-乙氧羰甲基-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2,3-环氧丁酰胺(中间体C),收率94.3%。中间体C在六甲基二硅氮烷、氨基锂作用下环合成(3S,4S)-3-[(1R)-1-羟乙基]-4-乙氧羰基-1-对甲氧苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮(中间体D),收率72.1%。最后中间体D经羟基保护、水解、氧化脱羧、臭氧化脱保护基制得4-AA{(3R,4R)-3-[(1R)-叔丁基二甲基硅氧乙基]-4-乙酰氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮}。总收率达到34.5%,4-AA液相色谱纯度达到99.34%。     

Semiochemistry of the Goldeneyed Lacewing Chrysopa oculata: Attraction of Males to a Male-Produced Pheromone

Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (G3C-EAD) experiments showed that antennae of males and females of the goldeneyed lacewing, Chrysopa oculata Say (Co. = Chrysopa), consistently responded to four compounds extracted from the abdominal cuticle of males:nonanal, nonanol, nonanoic acid, and (1R*,2S*,5R*,8R*)-iridodial. These compounds were not detected from abdominal cuticle of females. Thoracic extracts of both sexes contained antennal-stimulatory 1-tridecene and EAD-inactive skatole. Chrysopa oculata adults were most sensitive to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial standard at an EAD-response threshold between 0.1 and 1 pg, which was 10-100 times lower than thresholds for nonanal and nonanoic acid, and up to 10,000 times lower than thresholds for other compounds tested. A similar EAD response pattern was also found in another Chrysopa sp. (Co. quadripunctata Burmeister). In field-trapping experiments, (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial was the only male-specific compound that attracted Co. oculata males. Males also were weakly attracted to (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol (an aphid sex pheromone component), probably due to the 5% (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial present in the synthetic sample as an impurity. A herbivore-induced plant volatile, methyl salicylate, increased attraction of males to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial, whereas 1-tridecene was antagonistic. No females were caught in the entire study. Scanning electron micrographs revealed numerous male-specific, elliptical epidermal glands on the 3rd-8th abdominal sternites of Co. oculata, which are likely the pheromone glands. Another lacewing species, Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) (Cl. = Chrysoperla), did not produce male-specific volatiles or possess the type of gland presumed to produce pheromone in Co. oculata males, but (Z)-4-tridecene was identified as a major antennal-stimulatory compound from thoracic extracts of both sexes of Cl. rufilabris. Thus, (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial (or its enantiomer) is now identified as a male-produced male aggregation pheromone for Co. oculata, the first pheromone identified for lacewings.     

苯薄荷醇衍生物和萘薄荷醇衍生物的合成与表征

主要研究二环[4.2.0]辛酮中间体薄荷醇衍生物的合成工艺.以(-)-1 R,2S,5R-8-苯薄荷醇和(-)-1R,2S,5R -8-萘薄荷醇为原料,通过酯化反应合成目标化合物,产率分别为58.7%、92%.其结构经 1HNMR、13CNMR进行了表征,并对标题化合物的构象稳定性和晶体结构进行了研究.