NiO/La2Mo2O9介电和表面势研究

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)阳极材料得失电子能力和氧扩散性能影响其催化性能。对NiO体积含量分别为20%和40%的NiO/La2Mo2O9复合材料(N/L28和N/L46)的介电行为以及得失电子能力进行了研究。N/L28和N/L46样品的介电温度谱中按照损耗峰出现的温度从低到高的顺序依次发现与NiO相和La2Mo2O9相氧短程扩散有关的损耗峰,833K处观察到的介电损耗的突变与αLa2Mo2O9-βLa2Mo2O9相变有关。N/L46样品在500~813K范围内的一个宽化的损耗峰可用一个具有弛豫性质的峰和两个非弛豫性质的峰进行拟合。表面势测量结果表明,样品失去电子所需能量由大到小的顺序为La2Mo2O9,N/L28,N/L46,NiO。     

Research status of novel La2Mo2O9-based oxide-ion conductors

La₂Mo₂O₉-based oxide-ion conductors have attracted more and more attention since the high ionic conductivity was reported in 2000 by Lacorre et al. in this kind of material. In this paper the recent investigation on the novel La2Mo2O9-based oxide-ion conductors is reviewed. It is focused on the structure and phase transition, oxide-ion conductivity, mechanism of oxygen vacancy diffusion, chemical stability and thermal expansion coefficient in the pure and doped La₂Mo₂O₉ samples. It is pointed out that the La₂Mo₂O₉-based oxide-ion conductors could be possibly applied in the fields such as solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen sensors and oxygen permeable membranes.     

Characterization of La2Mo2O9 aerogels synthesized by the sol-gel chemistry and high-temperature supercritical drying

A lanthanum molybdate aerogel, La2Mo2O9, with a mean particle size in the range from 100 to 150 nm, was synthesized by the sol-gel method and high-temperature supercritical drying. In this communication it is shown that control over the crystallinity of product aerogels can be exercised by changing the amount of water used for hydrolysis and the temperature for subsequent heat treatment. Methoxy species are formed on the surface during synthesis. The new aerogel may prove useful as a catalyst for the oxidation of hydrocarbons to oxygenated organic compounds.     

Mechanochemical decomposition of PVC by using La2O3 as additive

A polyvinyl chloride (PVC, [CH2CHCl]n) sample was ground with one of the following oxide samples, lanthanum oxide (La2O3) and calcium oxide (CaO), as a reference, to investigate its mechanochemical (MC) decomposition. According to the XRD patterns for the ground products, peaks of lanthanum oxy-chloride, LaOCl which is water insoluble, were observed to appear in the patterns of the mixture samples at a molar ratio of (PVC: La2O3 = 1:2) and (1:4), after 20 min grinding, while the patterns of the ground PVC-CaO mixtures show the formation of CaOHCl, which is water soluble, in the products after 2 h grinding. TG patterns taken for the PVC-La2O3 mixtures ground for different periods of time do not indicate significant weight loss in the range from 200 to 300 degrees C, and this suggests that La2O3 is more effective additive than CaO in the MC decomposition for PVC. FT-IR patterns for organic phases in the ground mixture show the reduction of CCl bindings in the PVC structure. The MC reaction between PVC and La2O3 is accompanied by the formation of C-O single bonds, to form LaOCl, which is insoluble in water at ambient condition. This is the reason why the yield of Cl extracted by the water leaching reaches only less than 50%, while it reaches almost 100% in the yield of Cl from the PVC-CaO mixture ground for 2 h or more.     

La2O3-Mo阴极碳化工艺研究

研究了碳化温度、碳化时间、碳化时苯的浓度对La2O3-Mo阴极碳化度大小和碳化层组织的影响.实验结果表明:在1 683～1 723 K,苯的浓度为8.0～8.5 Pa,碳化6～8 min后La2O3-Mo阴极碳化度>5%,达到使用要求,碳化层是我们所希望的疏松多孔的Mo2C组织.     

A study on N2O catalytic decomposition over Co/MgO catalysts

Different oxide supported cobalt catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method and tested for the decomposition of nitrous oxide. Co/MgO with cobalt loading of 15% showed the best activity and a 100% N(2)O conversion was obtained at temperatures higher than 700 K. The active phase of cobalt species in Co/MgO catalysts was Co(3)O(4) highly dispersed in the matrices of MgO, based on XRD and XPS results as well as the kinetic analysis. The existence of NO, O(2) and H(2)O in reaction system showed different negative effects on N(2)O decomposition. Nevertheless, a 100% N(2)O conversion could be achieved at 800 K under simulated conditions of tail gas from nitric acid plant. Moreover, Co/MgO catalyst exhibited quite good durability and no obvious activity loss was observed in the 100 h stability test.     

Effects of Pb2+ doping on La4Ti9O24 ceramics

The kinetic structural evolution of the Pb²⁺-doped La₄Ti₉O₂₄ ceramics was investigated. Using electron diffraction and Rietveld analysis of the X-ray powder diffraction patterns, we show that the increase in Pb²⁺ doping results in the structural transition from La₄Ti₉O₂₄ to a La_2/3TiO₃-type phase (Ibmm, No. 74). Further kinetic studies of Pb²⁺ diffusion into La₄Ti₉O₂₄ ceramics suggest that the La₄Ti₉O₂₄–La_2/3TiO₃ phase transition requires an activation energy of 607 ± 60 kJ/mol.     

Dielectric breakdown study of thin La2O3 films

The dielectric breakdown in La₂O₃ films of thickness 40–400 Å incorporated in capacitors is reported. The experimental results were analysed in the light of Forlani and Minnaja's theory of ionization avalanche breakdown. The dielectric breakdown strength was found to be a power function of thickness, varying as d^?0.66, in essential agreement with the theory of Forlani and Minnaja. Furthermore, these films are amorphous and have high breakdown fields (about 10 MV cm^?1).     

ZnO-Al2O3-P2O5玻璃水化过程及机理的研究

研究了不同Al2O3/P2O3摩尔比和热历史的ZnO-Al2O3-P2O5玻璃在不同条件下的水化过程,利用XRD对部分水化过程的水化产物进行了晶相分析,探讨了其水化机理.结果表明:Al2O3/P2Os比的增加及退火均可降低ZnO-Al2O3-P2O5玻璃的水化速率;玻璃的水化累计失重量均与水化时间成线性关系,水失重百分数随着水化温度的提高,呈指数规律增加.研究认为:ZnO-Al2O3-P2O5玻璃的水化过程受表面水化层与内部未水化部分间的界面化学反应控制,水化过程中玻璃网络解体,相继生成了[P2O7]4-和白色不溶性物质Zn2P2O7·3H2O.     

Rate of dibutylsulfide decomposition by ozonation and the O3/H2O2 advanced oxidation process

A process of dibutylsulfide (DBS) oxidation using advanced methods of oxidation with ozone and hydrogen peroxide was studied. It was demonstrated that depending on pH value there are two mechanisms of DBS oxidation present: ionic and radical. The ionic mechanism predominates in acidic environment and the radical mechanism predominates in alkaline environment. At high pH ozone stability decreases and hydrogen peroxide has a deciding effect on DBS oxidation rate. At pH 9, and at high concentration of hydrogen peroxide (ranging from 0.1 to 1 mol/L), a clear increase in DBS decomposition rate was observed. That was caused by production of hydroperoxide radicals in reaction of hydrogen peroxide and ozone. In solutions pH value of which is close to 2, the rate of DBS oxidation by ozone alone is slower than in a O(3)/H(2)O(2) system, regardless the H(2)O(2) concentration. For higher H(2)O(2) concentrations (ranging from 0.1 to 1 mol/L), regardless the pH value of the solution, oxidation in a O(3)/H(2)O(2) system is faster, compared to a situation in which ozone is a sole oxidizer. For H(2)O(2) concentrations below 0.1 mol/L and when pH>2DBS oxidation in O(3)/H(2)O(2) system is slower compared to the situation in which ozone was the only oxidizer.     

Microstructure modification of La2Zr2O7 buffer films for coated conductors by metal organic decomposition

La₂Zr₂O₇ (LZO) film directly deposited on Ni-5 at.%W by a chemical solution technique, metal organic decomposition (MOD), indicated a poor texture characteristic, which would result in high-angle grain boundaries in subsequent YBa₂Cu₃O_7?δ (YBCO) associated with weak-link behavior. Different ultrathin MOD-LZO, Y₂O₃, and CeO₂ seed layers (~several nanometers) with various annealing temperature were inserted to improve the crystallographic alignment. The relation between the texture and annealing temperature was systematically investigated. A CeO₂ seed layer allows us to grow high quality LZO epitaxial films with values of full width at half-maximum around 5.61° and 5.13° for the Φ-scan of (222) and rocking curve of (400) LZO, respectively, which is comparable to the microstructure of films grown using physical vapor deposited Y₂O₃ as a seed layer. This buffer template, serving for YBCO coated conductors, could potentially decrease the overall fabrication cost.     

金属有机物分解法制备SrBi2Ta2O9铁电薄膜的开关特性

用金属有机物分解（MOD）以及sol-gel方法制备了SiBi2Ta2O9（STB）铁电薄膜。经测量在750℃晶化的SBT薄膜具有很好的铁电性能。通过对SBT样品极化反转过程进行测试,得出了外加电压（0．5－5V）与SBT薄膜的开关时间（100－600ms）及极化反转电荷的关系。并研究了不同气氛不退火对SBT铁电薄膜形状特性的影响。     

A novel nanocomposite Mo–4%La2O3 cathode

A novel nanocomposite Mo–4%La₂O₃ cathode has been prepared by sol–gel method and hydrogen reduction process and then hot-pressing sintering technique. The lanthana particles in the nanocomposite cathode were less than 100 nm, and they were about 300–400 nm in the coarse-grained cathode. The particle size of lanthana has a strong effect on the field emission characteristics of cathode. The nanocomposite cathode has superior field electron emission ability than that of the coarse-grained cathode. The sites of field electron emission of the nanocomposite cathode nearly extend over the whole surface of cathode, whereas the emission sites of the coarse-grained cathode concentrate on a small area of the cathode surface. The reasons for the different distribution of emission sites were discussed.     

Li/Ce/La共掺杂对CaBi2Nb2O9陶瓷晶体结构及电学性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备(Li_0.5Ce_0.25La_0.25)_xCa_1-xBi₂Nb₂O₉铋层状结构压电陶瓷, 分析多元稀土元素掺杂对CaBi₂Nb₂O₉(CBN)陶瓷晶体结构、微观形貌及电学性能的影响。Rietveld结构精修表明, 多元稀土元素进入晶格内部形成固溶体, 掺杂使晶体结构有由斜方晶系向四方晶系转变的趋势, 反位缺陷中A位的Bi ³⁺具备6s2孤对电子, 抑制这种变化趋势。SEM照片显示, 掺杂主要抑制晶粒沿垂直c轴平面生长, 这是由于稀土氧化物具备较高的熔点, 在烧结过程中不易扩散。准同型相界附近, 垂直b轴方向的a滑移面被打破, 极化方向沿a轴和b轴, 导致压电性能增强。其中, (Li_0.5Ce_0.25La_0.25)_0.17Ca_0.83Bi₂Nb₂O₉陶瓷具备最优异的性能: 居里温度为913 ℃, 压电系数高达16.4 pC/N; 经850 ℃退火2 h, 其d₃₃值为14.0 pC/N, 约为原始值的85.4%。     

Photoelectrochemical properties of metal-cluster oxide compounds,A2Mo3O8 and (LiY)Mo3O8

PEC studies on the single crystals of the metal-cluster oxide compounds. A₂Mo₃O₈ (A = Zn, Mg, Fe), and polycrystalline LiYMo₃O₈ are reported. The photoresponse behaviour is attributed to the Mod-d transition. The photopotential, the photocurrent vs applied voltage and the wavelength data indicate thatn-Zn₂Mo₃O₈ is stable and possesses a small and indirect band gap of 1·55 eV and a direct band gap of 1·9 eV. With change in A ions in A₂Mo₃O₈, there is no significant change in the PEC properties. LiYMo₃O₈ is found to be ofp-type. PEC studies show that excepting for poor electronic conductivity, A₂Mo₃O₈ possesses all the requisitie characteristics of an ideal photoanode for PAE of water for trapping solar energy.     

Synthesis and photoluminescence study of La1.8Eu0.2O3 coating on nanometric α-Al2O3

In this work the La_1.8Eu_0.2O₃ coating on nanometric alpha-alumina, α-Al₂O₃@La_1.8Eu_0.2O₃, was prepared for the first time by a soft chemical method. The powder was heat-treated at 100, 400, 800 and 1200 °C for 2 h. X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRD), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), emission and excitation spectra, as well as Eu³⁺ lifetime were used to characterize the material and to follow the changes in structure as the heating temperature increases. The Eu³⁺ luminescence data revealed the characteristic transitions ⁵D₀ → ⁷F_J (J = 0, 1 and 3) of Eu³⁺ at around 580, 591 and 613 nm, respectively, when the powders were excited by 393 nm. The red color of the samples changed to yellow when the powder was annealed at 1200 °C. The decrease in the (⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂)/(⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁) ratio from around 5.0 for samples heated at lower temperatures to 3.1 for samples annealed at 1200 °C is consistent with a higher symmetry of the Eu³⁺ at higher temperature. The excitation spectra of the samples also confirms this change by the presence of a more intense and broad band at around 317 nm, instead of the presence of the characteristic peak at 393 nm, which corresponds to the ⁷F₀ → ⁵L₆ transition of the Eu³⁺. The lifetimes of the ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ transition of Eu³⁺ for the samples heat-treated at 100, 400, 800 and 1200 °C was evaluated as 0.57, 0.72, 0.43 and 0.31 ms, respectively.