涂层酸性盐雾环境下失效过程的电化学阻抗谱分析

目的探究车辆装备有机涂层在沿海地区酸雨污染环境下的腐蚀行为。方法利用电化学阻抗谱技术,对金属漆涂层酸性盐雾环境下的腐蚀失效过程进行研究,分析其电化学阻抗谱特征及涂层电容的变化规律,并利用10 Hz下的中频相位角(θ_(10))和阻抗模值(|Z|_(10))评价金属漆涂层的防护性能。结果金属漆涂层的腐蚀失效过程大致经历3个阶段,即涂层完好阶段、涂层防护性能下降阶段和涂层失效阶段,随着腐蚀时间的增加,涂层电容逐渐增大,当θ1028.78°,|Z|101.78×10~7?·cm~2时,涂层基本丧失腐蚀防护能力。结论利用中频相位角和阻抗模值可以有效地评价金属漆涂层酸性盐雾环境下的腐蚀防护性能,为车辆装备在沿海地区的腐蚀防护提供技术支撑。     

有机防护涂层老化研究进展

综述了以聚脲及聚氨酯涂层为代表的有机防护涂层在不同测试方法(SEM、AFM、FTIR、EIS、ATR等)和不同试验环境下的耐老化性能,包括有机防护涂层降解老化研究、腐蚀介质在涂层内的渗透性研究、涂层混凝土氯离子渗透性研究、有机涂层的老化研究及电化学阻抗测试研究。研究结果表明:涂层在不同老化条件下表现出不同的老化行为,紫外线/盐雾循环人工加速老化及Cl-在涂层中扩散最终都能导致涂层形貌破坏,防护功能下降;有机涂层附着力丧失及涂层失效程度可用涂层电容(C)值的迅速增加和涂层电阻(R)值的急剧降低为指标进行衡量。     

取向硅钢横剪切口边缘绝缘涂层的破损形貌分析

采用斜刃横剪的加工方式对厚度为0.23mm的取向硅钢进行加工,研究加工过程中取向硅钢表面绝缘涂层的破损情况。在剪切加工过程中,取向硅钢表面由T2涂层(磷酸铝)与C2涂层(硅酸镁)组成的绝缘涂层在刀具作用下发生破损,其破损形貌分为裂纹区、压碎区以及剥落区。裂纹区和剥落区出现在塌角侧表面,而压碎区出现在毛刺侧表面。随着剪切侧隙的增加裂纹区宽度增大,压碎区基本保持稳定,剥落区略微增加。随着剪切速度的增加,毛刺侧表面涂层破损宽度先减小后增大。同时可观察到剥落区绝缘涂层发生了两种剥离形式,一种是T2涂层与C2涂层之间的层间剥离,另一种是C2涂层与基体之间发生的界面剥离。     

浅谈保护PSPC涂层的方法与对策

本文对涂层性能新标准（PSPC）中涂层破损的原因进行分析和归类研究，然后从工法技术、涂层保护和现场管理等方面提出具体要求来降低涂层破损率。     

有涂层缺陷的X70管线钢在模拟包头土壤溶液中的腐蚀行为

测定了内蒙古包头地区土壤的基本理化性质,制作了占试样总面积分别为0.39%、1.57%和6.28%的破损涂层缺陷试验,测定了涂层缺陷试样在不同浸泡时间内在包头模拟溶液中的交流阻抗谱,并连续测定了试样的自腐蚀电位Ecorr.试验结果表明:交流阻抗谱的Nyquist曲线显示为典型的具有扩散控制的双容抗弧,并且随浸泡时间的延长,曲线的容抗弧先增加而后缩小,说明在破损涂层缺陷状态下,试样的腐蚀程度随着浸泡时间先减小后加剧.分析后认为,模拟溶液向涂层内部的渗透以及涂层缺陷附近的涂层与钢基体间的缝隙腐蚀是导致涂层缺陷下X70管线钢腐蚀的主要原因.     

基于微纳米胶囊型填料提升防腐涂层耐久性的研究进展

金属涂层的完整性和耐久性对钢结构的耐介质腐蚀影响很大。微纳米胶囊型填料能在防腐涂层发生局部破损或者出现微裂纹时,对涂层下微环境变化产生应激响应,释放出缓蚀性物质或者聚合物单体,实现对涂层的自修复,填充空隙,从而显著提高涂层的抗介质腐蚀能力。首先介绍了微纳米自修复涂层的原理,并以介孔SiO₂、层状双氢氧化物、埃洛石纳米管和金属有机框架化合物等几种新型微纳米填料为代表,对其在自修复高耐蚀涂层上的应用和优缺点进行了简单的总结和展望,为高耐蚀长效涂层的开发提供一些思路。     

涂层破损对船体阴极保护电位分布的影响

采用缩比模型法研究了船体涂层破损率、常见破损位置及控制电位对船舶阴极保护电位和保护电流分布的影响。结果表明,船体所需的保护电流和电位分布不仅与涂层破损面积有关,还与阳极和参比电极相对于涂层破损处的位置有关,通过合理布放参比电极和辅助阳极,即使涂层破损率达到10%,船体仍得到良好保护,且电位分布均匀。基于上述结果确定了船舶阴极保护辅助阳极和参比电极位置、控制电位设计原则。     

憎水剂对钢铁表面不同涂层破损处的修复行为研究

飞机部件在组装、运输等过程中易造成表面涂层的破损划伤,一些零部件的连接形成的缝隙等都是环境介质侵蚀的通道和发生腐蚀的敏感区域。为此以环氧有机硅涂层、聚氨酯涂层、AV15涂层(国外产品)为基础,用航空零件用憎水剂(BH-102)对涂层破损划伤处进行修复,考察了修复后的涂层在中性盐雾、湿热环境中的腐蚀特性。结果表明:憎水剂在这三种涂层的破损划伤处修复都能得到具有明显憎水效果的表面膜层,可以有效抑制破损划伤处的腐蚀过程;相比憎水剂对环氧有机硅涂层、聚氨酯涂层破损处的修复来说,憎水剂对AV15涂层的修复效果(防腐蚀性能)优异是因为憎水剂与这种涂层中的成膜物和阻蚀成分产生协同作用的缘故。     

金属包装的涂层钢板及其涂料探密

正涂层钢板具有轻质、雅观和杰出的防腐化机能,又可直接加工,它给包装业、建筑业、造船业、车辆制造业、家具行业、电气行业等供给了一种新型原材料,起到了以钢代木、高效施工、节俭能源、防止污染等效果。利用镀锌钢板为基板的涂层钢板,锌层上的有机涂层起到隔离作用,可防止钢板生锈,使用寿命比镀锌钢板更长,因此广受消费者欢迎。     

户外高压隔离开关传动连杆破损镀锌层的修复探讨

户外高压隔离开关在运输和安装过程中会发生部件表面镀锌层划伤破损,从而导致基材腐蚀。隔离开关安装后,一般采用油漆对破损镀锌层表面进行修补,但效果不良,有必要寻求更适宜的破损镀锌层现场修复方案。以12只户外隔离开关传动连杆关节轴承为试验对象,人为破坏表面镀锌层,并将其中8只置于盐雾试验箱中腐蚀,以模拟户外隔离开关锈蚀。使用多种前处理方法和不同涂层进行修复处理,采用干湿交替盐雾试验对比了多种涂层的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:对破损热镀锌层进行修复时需彻底除锈,否则达不到修复效果;涂料A对破损热镀锌层的修复效果相比较最差;涂料B和涂料C都具有较好的修复效果,其复合保护涂层优于其他处理方案。     

军用车辆有机涂层湿热紫外辐照下的电化学行为

为了探讨军车有机涂层在湿热紫外辐照环境下的电化学行为,在实验室中对JL-1,JL-2和JL-3 3种军车的有机涂层进行了湿热紫外辐照,通过电化学阻抗谱方法定量地研究了其电化学行为。结果表明:3种有机涂层均表现出一定的耐蚀性,但JL-2型有机涂层对湿热紫外环境更为敏感。     

AZ91D镁合金有机复合涂层的腐蚀防护性能

AZ91D镁合金易腐蚀,单项处理防腐蚀效果不大。先分别对其作无铬转化和微弧氧化预处理,再阴极电泳底层,最后喷涂面漆,获得了无铬转化层/阴极电泳层/有机涂层和微弧氧化层/阴极电泳层/有机涂层。采用附着力及铅笔硬度测试、盐雾试验、电化学试验对2种有机复合涂层的形貌、多种性、防腐蚀效果及其机理进行了探讨。结果表明:2种有机复合涂层都能显著提高AZ91D镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,使其自腐蚀电位分别约提高130 mV和80 mV,腐蚀电流密度约降低40%和70%,极化电阻约提高4倍和7倍;2种涂层的附着力达到1级以上,铅笔硬度达到7 H以上;微弧氧化预处理后获得的有机复合涂层的腐蚀防护效果比无铬转化预处理的好。     

The influence of vehicle damage on injury severity of drivers in head-on motor vehicle crashes

Data from crashes investigated through the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Program were used to assess differences in injury patterns, severity, and sources for drivers, protected by safety belts and deploying steering wheel air bags, in head-on frontal impacts. We studied whether exterior vehicle damage with a different distribution (wide vs. narrow) across the front vehicle plane influenced injury characteristics. Drivers from both impact types were similar on the basis of demographic characteristics (except age), restraint use, and vehicle characteristics. There were significant differences in the type of object contacted and intrusion into the passenger compartment at the driver's seat location. The mean delta V (based on the kilometers per hour change in velocity during the impact) was similar for drivers in both (wide vs. narrow) impact types. There were no significant differences in injury patterns and sources except that drivers in wide impacts were almost 4 times more likely (odds ratio (OR)=3.81, 95% confidence limits (CL) 1.26, 11.5) to have an abbreviated injury scale (AIS) 3 serious or greater severity head injury. Adjusted odds ratios showed that drivers in wide impacts were less likely (OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.37, 0.79) to have severe injury (based on injury severity score (ISS)>25) when controlling for intrusion, vehicle body type, vehicle curb weight, age, proper safety belt use, and delta V. Drivers with intrusion into their position or who were driving a passenger vehicle were almost twice more likely to have severe injury, regardless of whether the frontal plane damage distribution was wide or narrow. Our study supports that the type of damage distribution across the frontal plane may be an important crash characteristic to consider when studying drivers injured in head-on motor vehicle crashes.     

Control of the damage resistance of nanocomposite TiSiN coatings on steels: Roles of residual stress

Thermal annealing has often been used to reduce residual stress and improve mechanical properties and performance of hard coatings. In this work, nanocomposite TiSiN coatings were engineered onto steel substrates by reactive unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Following deposition, thermal annealing was performed at temperatures up to 900 °C. A marked decrease in residual stress was observed in the coatings with the increase of thermal annealing temperature. To ascertain the role of residual stress in the response of the coatings to contact damage, nanoindentation was used to probe the damage resistance of the coatings and Rockwell-C test used to evaluate their adhesion strength, as a function of thermal annealing temperature. A combination of high damage resistance and good adhesion strength was observed for the coating annealed at an intermediate temperature of 600 °C.     

湿热加速条件下彩涂板不同涂层附着力下降的原因

彩色涂层钢板应用日趋广泛,但有机涂层与金属基体的附着机制尚不十分清楚。在湿热加速条件下,分别考察了彩涂板上环氧涂层、聚氨酯涂层和聚酯涂层的附着力,采用扫描电镜和红外光谱研究了湿热加速试验过程中有机涂层的表面结构和化学组成。结果显示,21d湿热加速条件下涂层的附着力不同,聚氨酯和聚酯涂层的附着力明显好于环氧涂层;3种涂层...     

军用车辆器材防护包装现状及发展对策

分析了军用车辆器材原厂包装存在的问题,介绍了军用车辆器材防护包装技术发展现状,最后对军用车辆器材如何综合应用防护包装技术进行了探讨。     

Effect of stress on abrasive and erosive wear of steels and sprayed coatings

The effect of stress on abrasive and erosive wear was studied for the hypoeutectoid steel, two hypereutectoid tool steels and flame sprayed coatings. In the experiment, the specially designed tester as well as SEM and contact profilometer were applied. Abrasion and erosion remove asperities protruding from the surface of coatings. The imposed stress increased erosive wear of coatings. Application of compressive stress to steels reduces roughness of the wear scar. Compressive stress caused distinct damage localization in abraded and eroded coatings, mean spacing of surface irregularities Rsm observed in erosion test was about 50% larger than in unstressed coatings. Results of fractal analysis confirm stress-induced change in surface topography.     

Fabrication of engineering ceramics by injection moulding a suspension with optimum powder properties

A suspension containing a polypropylene-based high-molecular weight organic vehicle and an alumina powder (which best satisfied criteria for successful compounding, compression moulding, removal of organic vehicle and sintering stages, each necessary for the fabrication of the final ceramic shape) was further assessed in this investigation. Test bars were injection moulded from this suspension under various conditions. After removing the organic vehicle, test bars were sintered and the resulting microstructure studied. The mechanical properties of the test bars will be discussed in Part II.     

镁合金表面覆盖层形成方法及相关国家标准

镁合金具有优异的比强度,但耐蚀性较差,很少在铸态下直接使用,需要进行表面处理以形成防护性覆盖层.本文对现有的镁合金表面覆盖层形成方法,如电化学镀、化学转化、阳极氧化、气相沉积、激光表面改性和有机涂层等,进行了评述.国家标准对相关技术等具有极强的指导意义,而目前系统介绍有关我国国家标准中涉及表面处理方面的资料很少,所以本文也针对目前国家标准中表面处理工艺、检测方法等进行简单的介绍.     

海洋船舶有机硅低表面能防污涂料的研究进展

海洋防污涂料是海洋工程与装备的重要防护材料,对于海洋资源开发利用发挥着极其重要的作用。在现用的海洋防污涂料中,低表面能防污涂料不会对海洋环境产生破坏,是将来的主要发展方向。本文简要介绍了低表面能防污涂料的机理及影响因素,重点论述了有机硅改性不同有机树脂的防污涂料、纳米材料改性有机硅防污涂料和有机硅仿生复合防污体系的技术发展现状,并展望了未来低表面能船舶防污涂料的发展方向。