建筑形态的视觉动力类型分析——基于格式塔心理学中视知觉理论的解析

在考夫卡等格式塔心理学家的研究基础上,阿恩海姆系统地建构了视觉动力理论。用这一理论解读建筑形态,可以将原本纷繁复杂的形态语言的感觉更加清晰化,使得人们对建筑造型的感性认识能够上升到理性分析的层面。本文不仅沿用了这一理论,更是根据建筑形态的实际状态进行分析,用吸引力、排斥力、支持力、挤压力等对视觉动力进行分类,以解读人们在建筑审美活动时的知觉规律和心理本源。     

视知觉特性与建筑光视觉空间设计

从视知觉的角度看,人感知空间的基础在于眼睛接收到能产生视觉意义的信息,而非简单地看到空间实体。因此,建筑空间设计作为一种视觉艺术,在其设计中需要基于视知觉特性对光和空间实体进行双向的互动考量,以进一步拓展建筑空间设计的视觉表现力。     

从空港建筑室内照明看LED灯具设计趋势

成都双流国际机场T2航站楼全部采用LED照明,介绍为航站楼量身定做、配套设计LED灯具时总结的LED灯具设计特点和发展趋势：节能已成为LED灯具设计的首要任务：建筑环境的整体视觉感受仍然是客户最关注的：LED灯具造型风格需与建筑风格相融。     

建筑的存在方式及其美学涵义——当代建筑美学的批评与思考

长期以来,人们对于“美学”的误解普遍而深刻。在建筑领域中,这种误解导致了形式主义的泛滥和对建筑基本目标的放逐。文章结合当代美学思想的发展,从建筑的存在方式入手,探讨了建筑与生活的关系,并由此阐明了建筑形式与建筑美学涵义之间所存在的根本而深刻的联系。     

模板支撑的施工设计

结合工程实例 ,就其楼板模支架的施工设计方案作了介绍 ,提出了木柱支架、支撑、纵横水平撑杆及剪刀撑的设计要求 ,以确保模板支撑系统有足够的强度、刚度和稳定性     

城市高层集中区城市俯视景观研究

研究以南京为例,通过以行政街道为调查单元的1000份问卷调查与软件分析,建立具有社会认可度的南京城市俯视景观视觉感知数据库,形成城市俯视景观排名;对典型的城市俯视景观进行数据采集,研究影响景观视觉评价的关键要素。在此基础上,采用单因子、双变量建模的研究方式对高层集中区俯视景观进行研究,结果表明：孔隙度高和拐点值低的建筑基底会提高整体的视觉评值,单体建筑的拐点值高及孔隙斑块数量少会降低整体的视觉评值。     

三亚临春山水国际村视觉景观规划探讨

城市设计整体意向的构建不仅应注重感性的、创意性的形态构建过程,更应重视对景观的理性分析,并运用技术加以组织,最终形成令人愉悦的空间环境。在项目实践中,设计师往往更多地强调构图并追求漂亮的平面效果,出现图纸与实施效果大相径庭的情况。基于此,研究结合具体案例,试图探索一种理性的城市设计分析方法,以人的视觉感受为着眼点,通过对视点、视角、视距、视感和视野五要素的分析,建构一个理性与感性相结合的整体空间蓝图。     

ETFE膜结构主要形式及ETFE工程难点

ETFE膜结构具有不同的结构形式,包括单层ETFE、单层ETFE加单向钢索、单层ETFE加双向钢索、单层ETFE加含跨中支座的单向钢索以及ETFE气枕等。结构选型时,应结合边界尺寸、荷载条件、膜材厚度、变形控制等要求综合决定。ETFE做为一种新型的建筑材料,尚未被建筑师普遍熟悉,易造成某些方案不符合ETFE的加工和安装条件。ETFE对钢结构的制作精度以及ETFE自身的安装工艺要求都很高。节点防水处理以及温度的影响是ETFE膜结构需要重视的问题。     

变形钢模板浇筑的混凝土构件与抹灰层粘结抗剪强度试验研究

对使用变形钢模板与普通模板浇筑的混凝土构件与砂浆的粘结抗剪强度对比试验进行了系统介绍,通过试验得出：使用变形钢模板可以提高混凝土构件与砂浆之间的粘结抗剪强度。     

Assessing landscape perception of urban rocky habitats

The urban landscape structure and its changing characteristics have produced various effects on natural and human systems of its own and surroundings [Gilbert OL. The ecology of urban habitats. London: Chapman & Hall; 1991 [1]; Rebele F. Urban ecology and special features of urban ecosystems. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 1994;4:173–87 [2]; Rees WE. Urban ecosystems: the human dimension. Urban Ecosystems 1997;1:63–75 [3]; Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM, Nilon CH, Pouyat RV, Zipperer WC, et al. Urban ecological systems: linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 2001;32:127–57 [4]; Hope D, Gries C, Zhu WX, Fagan WF, Redman CL, Grimm NB, et al., Socioeconomics drive urban plant diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003;100(15):8788–92 [5]; Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM. Resilient cities: meaning, models, and metaphor for integrating the ecological, socio-economic, and planning realms, Landscape and Urban Planning 2004;69(4):369–84 [6]; Luck M, Jianguo Wu J. A gradient analysis of urban landscape pattern: a case study from the Phoenix metropolitan region, Arizona, USA. Landscape Ecology 2002:17(4):327–39 [7]; Angold PG, Sadler JP, Hill MO, Pullin A, Rushton S, Austin K, et al., Biodiversity in urban habitat patches. Science of the Total Environment 2006;360(1–3):196–204 [8]]. By environmental literature conducted recently, it has been evidently comprehended that urban life quality for mankind and others can be improved by serving these systems with green and living elements. This study is to investigate urban rocky habitats that have special natural characteristics and that can be implicated for urban green areas. But these habitats have been considered as nature splits withstanding against the urban pressures by means of the unplanned build-up activities foremost, and road construction, poor quality or neglected remnants. Therefore, this study presents the environmental perception and preferences of urban rocky habitats which are threatening within excessive urbanization and human use of natural areas in the context of the city of Trabzon, Turkey. So, a total of 20 habitats selected from urban and surroundings were surveyed by using a questionnaire and landscape assessment approach. With surveying performed on 204 participants, visual preferences, landscape attributes and proposed management options for urban nature conservation were determined. The χ²${\chi }^2$-test results revealed clearly that the demographic and expertise status of the participants were correlated with the preferences for types of rocky habitat scene and management options. The scenes with natural elements and less human disturbance obtained higher scores on visual preferences than any of the urban rocky scenes lacking these characteristics. Also, in the quantitative phase, factor analysis based on principal component structure revealed the ‘visual and spatial effects’, the ‘usage and arrangement’, the ‘naturalness and ecological value’, and the ‘functionality’ components of the scenes. Consequently, some implications for the effective and efficient planning and development of urban nature conservation by assisting the better understanding of the various patterns of landscape preference, choice and satisfaction in habitats under the present study were suggested.     

预应力高强砼管桩(PHC桩)在厦门地区的应用及质量控制

预应力高强砼管桩因其强度高、耐打性好、工期短、造价低 ,适用于基岩埋藏较浅 ,桩端持力层较厚的强风化或全风化岩层、坚硬粘性土层、密实碎石土、砂土、粉土层的场地。由此 ,可以得到较好的经济效益并确保工程质量     

浅谈铝塑复合板幕墙

铝塑复合板的重量较轻、刚性适当,减震隔音和装饰效果较好;表面可以进行二次加工,如防腐、轧花、涂装、印刷等,加工后可与铝单板媲美,但却比铝单板造价低很多。铝塑复合板出厂前一般都要进行耐腐蚀、耐候、耐撞、抗折、抗压等加工处理,以保证使用过程中的安全性和可靠性,因此铝塑复合板可应用于高层建筑的外墙装饰。     

Relationship between landscape visual attributes and spatial pattern indices: A test study in Mediterranean-climate landscapes

The analysis of the relationships between landscape visual quality and landscape structural properties is an active area of environmental perception research. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between landscape spatial pattern and the rating of visual aesthetic quality. Eight landscape photographs were evaluated for 11 visual attributes by 98 respondents. The scores obtained for these 11 attributes were subjected to principal components analysis in order to summarize the qualities used by the respondents and thus determine their visual preferences. For each photograph, three window sizes were defined (with respect to a landcover map) to cover the different areas corresponding to the visual field (foreground, mid-ground and background). The landscape spatial structure for each window was analyzed using spatial metrics. The correlation between each dimension and the spatial pattern indices of the landscape were then calculated. Positive correlations were obtained between visual aesthetic quality and a number of landscape pattern indices. The results suggest that landscape heterogeneity might be an important factor in determining visual aesthetic quality.     

浅谈桥梁高墩台滑模施工工艺

介绍了桥梁高墩台滑模的构造及工作原理，阐述了该滑模施工工艺的方法特点及适用范围，论述了其工艺流程及施工中的作业要点，通过与其他方法的比较，总结了该方法的优缺点。     

美国现浇混凝土模板的现状

美国的现浇混凝土模板大致分为板梁式模板体系、平板支撑体系、可变半径模板体系、轻型模板体系、圆柱模板体系、手工组装模板体系和保温模板体系等。了解这些模板体系及有关工艺和数据，可对我国模板工业的现状和发展提供借鉴。     

斜截面抗剪强度的计算和最小配箍率的变化

钢筋混凝土结构设计规范从20世纪70年代初到现在,已经作了三次大的调整和修改。这里分别对三本钢筋混凝土结构设计规范的受弯构件斜截面抗剪强度的计算公式和最小配箍率的变化进行分析比较。每一次钢筋混凝土结构设计规范的修订,都更加符合国内钢筋混凝土的发展。