径向基函数及移动网格在Euler方程数值计算中的应用

基于二维Euler方程,在利用弹簧技术的移动非结构三角形网格上给出了一种基于紧支径向基函数重构的ENO型有限体积格式,方法的主要思想是先对每一个三角形单元构造插值径向基函数,而在计算交界面的流通量采用两点高斯积分公式以保证格式的整体精度,时间离散采用三阶TVD Runge-Kutta方法。最后用该格式对一些典型算例进行了数值模拟,结果表明该方法计算速度快,对间断有很好的分辨能力。     

全局正定径向基函数在图像分割中的应用

将全局正定径向基函数和图像分割中基于偏微分方程水平集方法的发展方程相结合,提出了一种基于全局正定径向基函数的图像分割算法。用全局正定径向基函数插值发展方程中的水平集函数,得到的插值函数具有较高的精度和光滑性,克服了传统水平集方法中复杂费时的重新初始化过程和水平集对初始轮廓位置敏感等缺点,非线性发展方程最终被转化成常微分方程组并用Euler法求解。实验结果表明该算法不需要重新初始化过程,并且在没有初始轮廓时也能够快速正确地分割图像。     

基于径向基函数的单级插值隐式曲面重构

研究基于径向基函数单级插值隐式曲面重构问题．探讨基于标准紧支撑径向基函数和变形径向基函数插值的参数求解过程。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地构造隐式曲面。并且插值过程相当快。     

基于加权ENO的图像放大算法

E.Arandiga的图像自适应插值方法在图像边界区域使用了ENO方法进行插值。通过比较差商的绝对值的大小自适应地选择模板,尽量避免所选择的模板中包含间断,有效地抑制了Gibbs振荡,但仍有很多不足。为弥补ENO方法的缺点,提高插值方法的精确度,提出基于加权ENO的图像放大方法。基本思想是将图像的离散化形式看成图像在单元网格上的平均值,先判断每个单元中是否存在图像边界,在图像边界区域使用加权ENO方法插值图像,在光滑区域使用线性平均插值。该放大方法能得到比FArandiga的图像自适应插值方法更高阶的精度。     

变形法移动网格求解双曲型守恒律方程研究

在现有格式的基础上要提高偏微分方程数值解的分辨率,自适应移动网格技术是一种有效而且可行的方法。文中将文献[1]提出的自适应移动网格技术推广到三角形网格,并将该方法用于求解双曲型守恒量方程。用网格自适应技术求解守恒律问题时,当生成新网格之后,需要将旧网格上的函数值更新到新的网格,并保持物理量的守恒性。针对这个问题,文中提出了函数值更新过程中守恒型插值公式的具体形式,并针对二维双曲型守恒律方程进行了仿真实验,取得了满意的结果。     

变形法移动网格求解双曲型守恒律方程研究

在现有格式的基础上要提高偏微分方程数值解的分辨率,自适应移动网格技术是一种有效而且可行的方法。文中将文献[1]提出的自适应移动网格技术推广到三角形网格,并将该方法用于求解双曲型守恒量方程。用网格自适应技术求解守恒律问题时,当生成新网格之后,需要将旧网格上的函数值更新到新的网格,并保持物理量的守恒性。针对这个问题,文中提出了函数值更新过程中守恒型插值公式的具体形式,并针对二维双曲型守恒律方程进行了仿真实验,取得了满意的结果。     

多元散乱数据的渐近正定径向基函数插值

本文以一元B样条和径向基函数为基础,构造了一种n元渐近正定径向基函数.因这种渐近正定径向基函数兼有一元B样条和已有径向基函数的优点,将其应用于n维欧氏空间的多元散乱数据插值,得到了一种新的高维散乱数据插值函数.数值例子表明,这种插值格式对n维欧氏空间多元散乱数据具有良好的逼近效果.     

浅谈解的存在唯一性定理在《偏微分方程数值解》中的应用

从一个新的角度讨论常微分方程中解的存在唯一性定理在偏微分方程数值解法中的重要应用。给出一类伪双曲型偏微分方程的新的分裂混合有限元数值格式,将该格式转化成常微分方程系统,利用解的存在唯一性定理证明该系统是存在唯一解的。通过简短的讨论、概述明确解的存在唯一定理在偏微分方程数值解中的应用方法．并希望能够在教学科研未来的发展中有新的观念。     

二维单域弹性问题虚边界无网格伽辽金法分析

使用加权残值法中的伽辽金法,并利用无网格法中的径向基函数法插值虚边界上的虚拟源函数,形成了虚边界无网格伽辽金法,具有边界元法和无网格法的共同优点。且该方法的加权值为位移或面力的偏导数,数值意义明确,形成的方程具有对称性。详细推导了单域虚边界无网格伽辽金法的具体数值离散格式,便于其他学者编程、研究。数值实例为文献中的三峡水利枢纽中的双排列输水孔实例,计算虚、实边界不同距离,单元上不同高斯点数,虚拟源函数的不同虚节点径向基函数插值的影响,结果均说明单域虚边界无网格伽辽金法的可行性与精确性。     

利用拟插值方法解决刚性常微分方程

基于拟插值方法和径向基函数逼近,针对微分方程形成了通过用径向基函数来拟插值强迫项的数值方法。通过解决相应的基本方程及对于小型方程系统与之相关的初始边界条件可得到一个高精度近似值,这将会克服用径向基函数作为整体插值引起的病态问题。计算结果显示,这种方法能被用来解决刚性问题。伴随着多元二次曲面的应用,在刚性(一些地方小扰动会在远处产生较大的影响)方程中,一个特殊阶的径向基函数采用等值的形状参数来作为干扰参数对于最优形状参数来说是合理的选择。     

An ENO-Based Method for Second-Order Equations and Application to the Control of Dike Levels

This work aims to model the optimal control of dike heights. The control problem leads to so-called Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) variational inequalities, where the dike-increase and reinforcement times act as input quantities to the control problem. The HJB equations are solved numerically with an Essentially Non-Oscillatory (ENO) method. The ENO methodology is originally intended for hyperbolic conservation laws and is extended to deal with diffusion-type problems in this work. The method is applied to the dike optimisation of an island, for both deterministic and stochastic models for the economic growth.     

Non-fragile guaranteed cost fuzzy control for nonlinear first-order hyperbolic partial differential equation systems

This paper concerns the non-fragile guaranteed cost control for nonlinear first-order hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs), and the case of hyperbolic PDE systems with parameter uncertainties is also addressed. A Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy hyperbolic PDE model is presented to exactly represent the nonlinear hyperbolic PDE system. Then, the state-feedback non-fragile controller distributed in space is designed by the parallel distributed compensation (PDC) method, and some sufficient conditions are derived in terms of spatial differential linear matrix inequalities (SDLMIs) such that the T–S fuzzy hyperbolic PDE system is asymptotically stable and the cost function keeps an upper bound. Moreover, for the nonlinear hyperbolic PDE system with parameter uncertainties, using the above-design approach, the robust non-fragile guaranteed cost control scheme is obtained. Furthermore, the finite-difference method is employed to solve the SDLMIs. Finally, a nonlinear hyperbolic PDE system is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and advantage of the developed design methodology.     

基于模板匹配的快速语音关键词检出方法

在缺乏训练样本的情况下对语音信号进行关键词检出,基于模板匹配的方法与传统的方法相比,仍然能够对语音进行关键词检出。但是由于模板匹配方法计算局部最小距离的方式是逐帧移动,所以计算时间长。局部最小距离的极值点通常在音素分割点附近,利用这两者的位置关系并结合插值思想,提出一种快速的模板匹配方法。该方法通过在音素分割点之间插值计算局部最小距离,能够有效地缩短计算时间。在TIMIT和CASIA语料库中进行实验,改进的方法与常规的模板匹配方法相比较,快了约2.8倍。     

基于四阶偏微分方程的光滑曲面重构方法

常用的基于散点的曲面重构方法如克里金插值法、样条曲面拟合法等存在计算量大、重构曲面不光滑或无法插值已知散点等问题。为此,提出一种基于四阶偏微分方程的曲面重构方法。该方法首先选择一个四阶偏微分方程,并对其构建差分格式,进而分析该差分格式的稳定性和收敛性。在稳定性和收敛性条件下,采用演化的思想,通过有限差分法迭代求解偏微分方程的数值解,并将其稳态解作为原始曲面的逼近。以地质勘探中实际测井数据为例,采用偏微分方程曲面造型方法重构地质曲面,结果表明,该方法计算简便,构造的曲面具有自然光顺性且可以插值于已知散点。     

A localized approach for the method of approximate particular solutions

The method of approximate particular solutions (MAPS) has been recently developed to solve various types of partial differential equations. In the MAPS, radial basis functions play an important role in approximating the forcing term. Coupled with the concept of particular solutions and radial basis functions, a simple and effective numerical method for solving a large class of partial differential equations can be achieved. One of the difficulties of globally applying MAPS is that this method results in a large dense matrix which in turn severely restricts the number of interpolation points, thereby affecting our ability to solve large-scale science and engineering problems.In this paper we develop a localized scheme for the method of approximate particular solutions (LMAPS). The new localized approach allows the use of a small neighborhood of points to find the approximate solution of the given partial differential equation. In this paper, this local numerical scheme is used for solving large-scale problems, up to one million interpolation points. Three numerical examples in two-dimensions are used to validate the proposed numerical scheme.     

LQ (optimal) control of hyperbolic PDAEs

The linear quadratic control synthesis for a set of coupled first-order hyperbolic partial differential and algebraic equations is presented by using the infinite-dimensional Hilbert state-space representation of the system and the well-known operator Riccati equation (ORE) method. Solving the algebraic equations and substituting them into the partial differential equations (PDEs) results in a model consisting of a set of pure hyperbolic PDEs. The resulting PDE system involves a hyperbolic operator in which the velocity matrix is spatially varying, non-symmetric, and its eigenvalues are not necessarily negative through of the domain. The C₀-semigroup generation property of such an operator is proven and it is shown that the generated C₀-semigroup is exponentially stable and, consequently, the ORE has a unique and non-negative solution. Conversion of the ORE into a matrix Riccati differential equation allows the use of a numerical scheme to solve the control problem.     

Hermite WENO schemes and their application as limiters for Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method II: Two dimensional case

A class of fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes based on Hermite polynomials, termed HWENO (Hermite WENO) schemes, for solving one dimensional non-linear hyperbolic conservation law systems, was developed and applied as limiters for the Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) methods in [J. Comput. Phys. 193 (2003) 115]. In this paper, we extend the method to solve two dimensional non-linear hyperbolic conservation law systems. The emphasis is again on the application of such HWENO finite volume methodology as limiters for RKDG methods to maintain compactness of RKDG methods. Numerical experiments for two dimensional Burgers’ equation and Euler equations of compressible gas dynamics are presented to show the effectiveness of these methods.     

求解非线性期权定价模型的自适应小波同伦摄动技术

Leland 模型是在考虑交易费用的情况下,对 Black - Scholes 模型进行修改得到的非线性期权定价模型. 本文针对 Leland 模型,提出了一种求解非线性动力学模型的自适应多尺度小波同伦摄动法. 该方法首先利用插值小波理论构造了用于逼近连续函数的多尺度小波插值算子,利用该算子可以将非线性期权定价模型方程自适应离散为非线性常微分方程组; 然后将用于求解非线性常微分方程组的同伦摄动技术和小波变换的动态过程相结合,构造了求解 Leland 模型的自适应数值求解方法. 数值模拟结果验证了该方法在数值精度和计算效率方面的优越性.