Influence of the ground line position on the signal integrity of product-related interconnects in the frequency and time domain

The impact of the ground line position on the line parameters of signal interconnects built in a 110-nm CMOS technology is investigated in the presence of a conductive substrate. Characteristic line parameters obtained from simulations are validated with two-port network analyzer measurements of specially designed test structures in a frequency range up to 50 GHz. In addition, the influence of the ground line position on time-domain signals in product-related bus systems is explored. It is shown that the impact of substrate effects on the line parameters, and consequently on the signal shape in the time domain, strongly depends on the relative position of the ground line with respect to the signal lines and, as expected, on the length of the line system. The authors show that for short on-chip bus systems (shorter than 2 mm), the influence of the ground line positioning on time-domain signals is negligible. However, for long bus systems (e.g., 5 mm), this influence becomes significant and can no longer be neglected.     

基于信号返回路径宽度的阻抗匹配技术研究

在高速电路设计中,信号源、传输线、负载之间的阻抗是否匹配是决定电路系统中信号完整性优劣的关键因素。针对该问题,从微带线的信号返回路径宽度与传输线特性阻抗之间的关系出发,经研究分析发现:通过改变微带线的信号返回路径宽度,可以有效控制传输线的特性阻抗,从而实现信号源、传输线、负载之间的阻抗匹配,使系统获得较好的信号完整性。同时给出经验公式。并通过实验仿真,其结果表明提出的方法是解决电路系统中阻抗匹配问题的有效途径之一。     

On the accuracy of the transmission line model of the folded dipole

A folded dipole is basically an unbalanced transmission line which radiates as a result of its unbalanced condition. It is known that the folded dipole may be analyzed by considering its current to be composed of two distinct modes, namely, a transmission line mode and an antenna mode. The transmission line model of the folded dipole is investigated with the objectives of determining a) the accuracy of the model and b) the importance of using an equivalent radius in the model. To check the transmission line model, the method of moments is used as a standard for comparison.     

布里渊激光雷达系统中的关键因素研究

基于德拜热运动的弹性波理论,考虑激光雷达的光散射效应,提出了布里渊激光雷达系统中的布里渊线宽的选择方法,并推导出散射光谱中的斯托克斯线和反斯托克斯线两条伴线的相对频移公式;分析指出,在介质中,由于弹性波总是有衰减,所以,布里渊谱线的线宽不为零;建立了布里渊激光雷达系统实验模型,通过选取适当的参数进行模拟计算,进一步讨论了布里渊线宽与海水温度的关系;得到了不同海水温度下的布里渊线宽曲线,从而清晰的表明,在激光雷达系统中,布里渊线宽并不是一个常值,在其他参量不变的情况下,随着海水温度的升高,布里渊线宽会逐渐变窄。     

Symbolic solution of the multiconductor transmission-line equationsfor lines containing shielded wires

The multiconductor transmission line equations that characterize crosstalk in a multiconductor transmission line containing a shielded wire are solved in symbolic form, that is, the resulting crosstalk voltages are determined in terms of symbols rather than numerical values. The resulting solutions show the frequency range for which the widely used, low-frequency, inductive-capacitive coupling model is a valid representation. The solution shows that the inductive-capacitive coupling model is an adequate characterization of crosstalk for lines that are electrically short and whose termination impedances do not differ substantially from the characteristic impedances of the lines that are involved. For lines whose termination impedances differ drastically from the line characteristic impedances, the inductive-capacitive coupling model is valid only for frequencies where the line is extremely short, electrically. For higher frequencies of excitation, the model may give predictions that are substantially below the true crosstalk even for frequencies where the line is electrically short     

On the contribution of the electromagnetic field components infield-to-transmission line interaction

Based on the transmission line approximation, three different equivalent formulations have been proposed for evaluating the interaction between an external electromagnetic field and a transmission line, The difference among these “coupling” formulations, which are summarized for the case of a lossless line, lies essentially in the representation of the source terms as a function of the external electromagnetic field components. The authors show that the contribution of a given electromagnetic field component is different depending on the particular adopted formulation, To show that, the three formulations are employed to calculate the voltages induced on an overhead line by a nearby lightning strike, and the contribution to the induced voltage of the various electromagnetic field components explicitly appearing in each formulation is emphasized. The authors conclude that it is misleading to speak about the contribution of a given electromagnetic field component to the total induced voltages without first specifying the coupling formulation one is using     

Experimental Studies of the Losses and Radiations Due to Bends in the Goubau Line

The losses due to the bending of the Goubau line (G line) are determined by experiments. The losses are measured for wide ranges of radius of curvature, bending angle, and the transmission frequency. These three variables determine the losses. It is believed that radiation from a surface-wave transmission line system occurs mainly from the bends and horn in the transmission line system. Directional patterns of such radiation were obtained from measurements.     

多路合成全息语音发音器官图谱的研究

提出了用多路合成全息语音发音器官图谱显示发音器官动态过程的方法，介绍了该全息图的制作过程，讨论了制作过程中绘制的二维线条图片的线条宽度与全息图的衍射效率之间的关系。研制的多路合成全息图在白光点光源照射下，显现出清晰、明亮的发音器官（唇、舌、齿和软腭等各部分）的动态影像。最后对该图谱的应用前景进行了讨论。     

碱性阻挡层CMP后铜布线粗糙度的影响机理分析

The surface roughness seriously affects the performance of devices after barrier CMP. Due to the high surface roughness of copper line, the local resistance of a device will be high when working, then the copper line will overheat prompting the generation of electro-migration and the circuit will lose efficacy. Reducing the surface roughness of the copper line in barrier CMP is still an important research topic. The main factors influencing the surface roughness of copper line in alkaline barrier slurry are analyzed in the paper. Aimed at influencing the law on the surface roughness of copper line, using a new type of alkaline barrier slurry with a different p H of the chelating agent and changing the content of non-ionic surfactant, we then analyze the influencing law both on the surface roughness of copper line, and the influence mechanism. The experimental results show that with a chelating agent with a low p H value in the barrier slurry, the surface roughness of the copper line is 1.03 nm and it is the lowest in all of the barrier slurries, and with the increase of non-ionic surfactant concentration, the surface roughness of copper line is reduced to 0.43 nm, meeting the demand of further development of integrated circuits.     

Scattering from power lines with the skywire insulated from thetowers

This paper studies the distortion of a commercial AM radio station's radiation pattern due to scattering from a power line with steel lattice towers which carry a skywire that is insulated from all the towers. Despite the insulated skywire, the towers couple strongly to the skywire. The resonant behavior of the power line spans is similar to that described in previous papers with the skywire connected to all the towers. However, the resonant frequencies are much higher when the skywire is insulated and the strongest resonance falls above 1000 kHz for typical power line dimensions. This paper models a real site consisting of a directional broadcast array at 1380 kHz and a power line with 29 towers. Although the resonances of the power line fall at much lower frequencies than 1380 kHz, the antenna induces substantial RF current flow on the towers and skywires of the power line. The power line scatters strongly into the minimum in the station's radiation pattern and the station's protection requirements are seriously violated. Thus, the towers of the power line will need to be treated with detuning stubs to restore the pattern to its intended values     

Complementarity in the Study of Transmission Lines

The principle of complementarity is applied to the slot transmission line. The properties of a dual circuit are investigated. The pairs of several possible duals for a given configuration are correlated and new quantities are defined for use with different types of circuits. A complete parallelism between the two-wire line and the two-slot line is established for the ideal cases and is extended by approximation to include the practical cases. Measurements were made with a two-slot transmission line and its associated probing system. The method of testing the line for balance is discussed. The transverse distribution of the longitudinal current and the attenuation constant were measured. The analogy between the steady-state field in a conducting medium and the electrostatic field in a dielectric is investigated. The expressions for the constants of a two-slot line are given in a form that permits a ready evaluation from experimental data obtained with the electrolytic tank. The measured results are compared with theoretical values.     

Extension of the Duane Plotting Technique

A Duane plot is a straight line relating the log of cumulative failure rate (or of cumulative MTBF) to the log of cumulative equipment operating hours in a series of equipment tests. The straight line provides an easy translation from the cumulative line to a line of instantaneous failure rate (or to instantaneous MTFB). This technique has also been applied to the early failure rates of operating integrated circuits (ICs); the cumulative plot has the same usefulness in data smoothing, and the same relationship to instantaneous failure rate applies. The cumulative failure rate plot produces a curved line instead of a straight line. The Duane relationship applies at any time point, however, and depends only on the slope of the line at that time. For either application, the cumulative data should not be forced to fit a straight line; such forcing causes the early reliability history to be lost, and the latest history may be improperly determined from too few points. This is not just of historical interest; it concerns whether reliability is still improving usefully, or whether a point of limited return is being approached. An additional point of concern is indicated by the example of rapidly reducing failure rates in early life of semiconductor devices. For equipments using many of these devices, the Duane plot assumption of a constant failure rate during each equipment test period is probably not true.     

Studies on the Optical Waveguide Modulator With the Configuration of Unilateral Fin Line

1IntroductionAtpresent,studies'onthelithiumniobate(LiNbo,)Opticalwaveguidemodulatorwiththecoplannarmicrostripconfigurationisbeingaccomplishedtl).(Zi.Theunilateralfinlineconfigurationisnowconsideredasanewtypeofmodulator.Itmaybeeasiertorealizedthemodulation…     

铝管外导体挤压生产线电气控制系统国产化改造

进口设备电气控制系统的国产化改造是一项复杂和细致的工作。首先对改造前英国Holton公司20世纪90年代生产的铝管外导体挤压生产线的电气系统设备状态进行了评估,然后拟定了改造方案,对控制系统的主控系统及操作界面进行了改造,在随后的生产线运行调试中使整条生产线的设备性能和操作方式与原有生产线大致相同。最终使该生产线的电气控制系统的改造取得良好效果。     

端接方式对改善高速电路串扰的分析研究

通过对两条耦合线中的攻击线,采用几种不同的电路端接方式,利用Hyperlynx软件仿真出相应情况下的信号传输波形。通过端接电路在抑制攻击线上反射的同时,减小了受害线上信号的串扰,从而使信号在两条耦合线上的传输质量得到改善。最后进行了多组数据的串扰比较研究,分析了串扰减小的原因。     

Application of defected ground structure in reducing the size ofamplifiers

This letter presents a new technique to reduce the size of microwave amplifiers using a defected ground structure (DGS). The DGS on the ground plane of a microstrip line provides an additional effective inductive component, which enables a microstrip line with very high impedance to be realized and shows slow-wave characteristics. The resultant electrical length of the microstrip line with DGS is longer than that of a conventional line for the same physical length. Therefore, the microstrip line with DGS can be shortened in order to maintain the same electrical length, matching, and performances of the basic (original) amplifier. To confirm the validity of this idea, two amplifiers, one of which is designed using a conventional microstrip line and the other is reduced using DGS, are fabricated, measured, and compared. The performance of the reduced amplifier with DGS is quite similar to that of the basic amplifier, even though the series microstrip lines with DGS are much smaller than those of the basic amplifier by 53.8% and 55.6% at input and output matching networks, respectively     

On the Influence of Delay Line Uncertainty in THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) is a well-known tool for material analysis in the terahertz frequency band. One crucial system component in every time-domain spectrometer is the delay line which is necessary to accomplish the sampling of the electric field over time. Despite the fact that most of the uncertainty sources in TDS have been discussed, the delay line uncertainty has not been considered in detail. We model the impact of delay line uncertainty on the acquired THz TDS data. Interferometric measurements of the delay line precision and THz time-domain data are used to validate the theoretical model.     

轨道交通接触线磨损实时在线检测研究

接触线磨损检测是保证轨道交通安全运行的重要工作。为实现接触线磨损实时在线检测,采用激光轮廓测量仪扫描获取两根接触线的轮廓数据,同时由搭载在检测车上的光电旋转编码器获取与各帧轮廓数据相对应的扫描位置数据。由计算机对获取的各帧轮廓数据进行实时处理,设置感兴趣区域对左右接触线轮廓数据进行识别,提取接触线磨损面点云数据,测量出接触线的磨损宽度。每次测量结束后,同步记录测量位置数据和该位置处的测量结果。实验结果表明,该方法可以对接触线的磨损宽度有效地进行实时在线检测。     

振幅薛定谔猫态下介观耗散传输线的压缩特性

在介观耗散传输线量子化的基础上，研究了振幅薛定谔猫态下该传输线的压缩特性．结果表明，传输线中电流及单位长度传输线电感上电压的量子噪声的压缩性质不仅取决于振幅薛定谔猫态，也与传输线的分布参数和位置有关．平均光子数为1时，量子噪声可得到最大压缩。     

基于Matlab微带线静电场分析

推导出二维Laplace方程的有限差分公式,用Matlab语言编写程序,实例分析并绘制了屏蔽单微带线、屏蔽耦合微带线的等位线和电场强度分布图。实例计算结果表明:Matlab在解决实际的工程和数学问题中,具有使用更为简便、语句功能更强的特点,能直观地演示屏蔽微带线的电势分布图和场强立体分布图。