高引燃脉冲新HiPIMS模式对TiN/CrN多层膜结构和性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

多层TiN/CrN薄膜能显著改善复杂环境下部件的性能和寿命,为获得性能良好的TiN/CrN多膜层,提出一种高引燃脉冲新HiPIMS模式(高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术)的新放电技术,在一到四引燃脉冲个数条件下制备TiN/CrN多层薄膜。结果表明,随着引燃脉冲个数的增加,TiN/CrN薄膜膜基结合力增加,三引燃脉冲条件下结合力达到HF1(压痕法结合力指标,HF1为性能良好)压痕边缘膜层出现碎裂但膜层并未崩裂,在四引燃脉冲条件下膜基结合力也为HF1,且相较三引燃脉冲膜层碎裂也消失,膜基结合力最佳。同时,随着引燃脉冲个数的增加,膜层的粗糙度下降,磨痕变窄,硬度增强,硬度的波动范围减小,薄膜摩擦因数逐渐降低,四引燃脉冲条件下摩擦因数为0.25,膜层厚度呈先增加后减小的趋势,在三引燃脉冲个数条件下达到最大值332.1 nm试验结果表明引燃脉冲能够强化膜层与基体之间的结合力,硬度以及摩擦磨损的性能,细化晶粒。     

TiN/CrN多层薄膜微观结构与力学性能的研究

近些年来,TiN/CrN多层薄膜由于其优良的力学性能被广泛应用于表面防护,提高零部件性能和使用寿命等方面。为了研究TiN/CrN多层薄膜微观结构与力学性能的关系,本文采用磁控溅射技术制备了TiN、CrN单层薄膜和三种不同调制周期的TiN/CrN多层薄膜。通过原子力显微镜和X射线衍射分析了膜的表面形貌和相结构。使用纳米压痕仪测试薄膜的硬度和压入塑性,曲率法测定薄膜的残余应力。结果表明,TiN/CrN的多层薄膜是由TiN和Cr2N两相组成,随着调制周期的增大TiN层与CrN层之间的界面区域变小,界面平滑且明显。力学性能方面,多层薄膜的硬度和压入塑性比单层膜好,并且多层薄膜随调制周期的减小硬度和压入塑性越大,残余应力随周期性的增加而逐渐增大。综上可见,TiN/CrN多层薄膜的力学性能的改善取决于界面区域的大小和形貌,即调制周期,该结论与Hall–Petch理论相吻合。     

TiN/CrN多层薄膜的微观结构与力学性能（英文）

为了研究TiN/CrN多层薄膜微观结构与力学性能的关系,采用磁控溅射技术制备了TiN、CrN单层薄膜和3种不同调制周期的TiN/CrN多层薄膜。通过原子力显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了膜的表面形貌和相结构。使用纳米压痕仪测试薄膜的硬度和压入塑性,用曲率法测定薄膜的残余应力。结果表明,TiN/CrN的多层薄膜是由TiN和Cr_2N两相组成,随着调制周期的增大,TiN层与CrN层之间的界面区域变小,界面平滑且明显。力学性能方面,多层薄膜的硬度和压入塑性比单层膜好,并且多层薄膜随调制周期的减小,硬度和压入塑性增大,残余应力随周期的增加而逐渐增大。综上可见,TiN/CrN多层薄膜的力学性能的改善取决于界面区域的大小和形貌,即调制周期。该结论与Hall-Petch理论相吻合。     

Ti6Al4V表面增强CrN和TiN薄膜

目的 研究表面增强氮化铬(CrN)和氮化钛(TiN)薄膜与Ti6Al4V(TC4)基体的适应性。方法 采用热丝增强等离子体磁控溅射技术,通过改变热丝放电电流,在TC4合金表面制备CrN、TiN薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜、X–射线衍射仪、纳米压痕仪、洛氏硬度计和摩擦磨损测试仪分别表征薄膜的组织形貌、成分、相结构、内应力、纳米硬度、弹性模量及耐磨性。结果 随着热丝放电电流从0 A增加至32 A,等离子体密度增大,薄膜表面形貌由较疏松的四棱锥形转变成致密球形,截面柱状晶排列更加致密;薄膜择优取向从低应变能的(111)取向转变为低表面能的(200)取向;无热丝放电时TiN薄膜内应力高于CrN薄膜,随着热丝放电电流的增大,TiN薄膜内应力逐渐低于CrN薄膜;并且随着热丝放电电流的增大,薄膜的弹性模量与硬度均增大,但相同试验条件下CrN薄膜的弹性模量与硬度均低于TiN薄膜;压痕检测结果表明,薄膜与基体结合完好;低载荷摩擦磨损检测结果表明,硬度及弹性模量较高的TiN薄膜磨损量最低。结论 在相同等离子体密度能量轰击下,硬度和弹性模量较高的TiN薄膜内应力增幅较小;低载荷磨损时,弹性模量及硬度较高、内应力较低的TiN薄膜更适用于Ti6Al4V基体的增强改性。     

TiN、AlN薄膜的摩擦磨损和抗高温氧化性能及机制

采用电弧离子镀工艺在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面沉积TiN、AlN薄膜,通过扫描电镜、摩擦磨损试验和高温氧化试验等方法研究了薄膜的微观结构、化学成分与其摩擦性能和抗高温氧化性能之间的关系,同时探讨了薄膜的摩擦磨损机制和高温氧化机制.     

多弧离子镀AlTiYN涂层的高温氧化性能及高温摩擦学行为

为研究添加0.76%Y元素对AlTiN涂层结构、高温氧化行为及摩擦学性能的影响规律及作用机制,采用多弧离子镀技术于硬质合金(YG3X)表面沉积AlTiN及AlTiYN涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究涂层组织结构;采用纳米压痕仪、划痕仪进行力学性能表征;通过高温氧化试验分析涂层的高温抗氧化性能;利用高温摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明:添加Y元素后,AlTiYN涂层发生晶粒细化、组织结构致密化、硬度及韧性增加、结合强度显著提升。AlTiN涂层经900℃/2 h氧化处理后已完全氧化;而AlTiYN涂层经900℃/2 h氧化处理后未完全氧化,氧化层厚度为1.1μm,表明添加Y元素可以增强AlTiN涂层的高温抗氧化能力。此外,AlTiYN涂层在900℃下其摩擦因数及磨损率均低于AlTiN涂层,表明添加Y元素可有效增强涂层高温耐磨损性能。     

不同黏度合成油下CrN/TiN多层薄膜的摩擦学特性研究

目的 探究在不同黏度合成酯润滑油的作用下,CrN/TiN多层薄膜的摩擦学性能及协同润滑机制。方法 选用聚α烯烃(PAO)与三羟甲基丙烷辛癸酸酯(TME)复配,得到不同黏度梯度的合成油。利用全自动黏度测定仪、倾点测试仪、开口闪点测定器和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)分别对合成油的运动黏度(40、100 ℃)、倾点、闪点和表面官能团进行表征。利用反应磁控溅射技术在316不锈钢和单晶硅片基底表面制备CrN/TiN多层薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪和FIB-TEM表征手段对薄膜的微观结构进行分析,并用纳米压痕仪和划痕仪测试了薄膜的力学性能。利用球–盘式摩擦试验机表征薄膜在干摩擦和油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能,利用XPS对摩擦实验后的磨痕元素价态进行表征。结果 CrN/TiN薄膜具有典型的面心立方结构(FCC)、异质多层结构,且其硬度可达32.2 GPa。在干摩擦条件下,与裸316基体相比,经表面镀制CrN/TiN薄膜后平均摩擦因数由0.95降至0.71,磨损深度由25.0 μm降至16.8 μm。在合成油作用下,316不锈钢-GCr15钢球(钢–钢摩擦副)、CrN/TiN多层薄膜-GCr15钢球(CrN/TiN多层薄膜–钢摩擦副)2种摩擦配副的摩擦因数和磨损率随着合成油黏度的增加均呈现降低趋势,且在同一黏度条件下薄膜试样的磨损率更低。结论 CrN/TiN多层薄膜在PAO与TME复配获得的一系列不同黏度合成油的作用下,随着合成油黏度的增加,薄膜的磨损率和磨损深度逐渐下降,其减摩抗磨性能得到显著提升。通过磨痕表面的XPS分析可知,合成油中极性的酯基吸附在滑动界面,增强了油膜的承载性能,从而减缓了对偶间的摩擦阻力。     

氧化温度对Fe＋Cr改性多元膜氧化行为的影响

对Fe Cr改性多元氮化物薄膜，即（TiFeCr)N多元膜的高温氧化行为进行了研究，结果表明：（1）这种多元膜膜在600℃以上温度下的氧化增重均低于TiN膜，加热至600℃膜层仍保持良好的光泽，加热至800℃膜层仍保持完整，没有类似TiN膜的局部脱落现象，这种多元膜具有优于TiN的抗高温氧化性能；（2）600℃氧化1h后，X射线衍射（XRD）谱上没有出现类似于TiN场合下出现的氧化铜的谱线。说明这种多元膜可以有效地抑制铜基体的氧化，具有优于TiN膜的保护性能。     

文献资源库

金属离子高温注入原理与工艺研究，废旧机械产品再制造的资源环境评价，两种TiAIN涂层的往复滑动摩擦学性能研究，脉冲关断时间对电刷镀Ni／CNTs复合镀层组织及性能的影响，SiC膜对ZGO膜耐腐蚀性能的研究，几种氮化物薄膜与熔融玻璃之间的高温界面摩擦行为，MLCC三层镀中甲基磺酸镀锡体系工艺条件对锡镀层性能影响的研究（续），超音速火焰喷涂CoCrW涂层的性能研究，激光强化电刷镀Ni镀层试验研究，二硫化钼含量对自润滑涂层组织及性能的影响。[编者按]     

几种薄膜材料与血液的界面张力比较

利用不同方法制备了Ti、ZrN、TiO2、DLC、MPC、TiN以及CNX7种薄膜.利用静滴接触角/界面张力测量仪测量了这7种薄膜与丙三醇、甲酰胺、溴代萘三种液体的固液接触角;根据测得的接触角计算了薄膜的表面自由能,并进一步比较了它们与血液的界面张力.结果表明:MPC和CN0.10薄膜具有较低的固体表面自由能,Ti、ZrN和TiO2薄膜与血液组分界面张力值相对较低.CN0.10薄膜对于纤维蛋白原的吸附较少,与血液组分交互反应也较弱,是潜在的抗凝血材料.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.