双花保健凉茶加工技术研究

以菊花、金银花等为原料,采用正交实验设计,研制具有清热解渴功能的保健凉茶饮料.结果表明:菊花浸提条件为:料液比1:100、浸提温度95℃、浸提时间25min;金银花浸提条件为:料液比1:100、浸提温度80℃、浸提时间30min;最佳配比为:菊花提取液30%、金银花提取液40%、糖3.5%、柠檬酸0.01%.     

金银花中绿原酸提取工艺研究

以金银花为原料,采用醇提水沉法提取绿原酸,考察乙醇深度、料液比、浸提时间和浸提温度对绿原酸提取率的影响。采用正交试验对工艺条件进行了优化研究,结果表明最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度60%,料液比1：25,浸提时间60min、浸提温度60℃。在最佳工艺条件下进行提取,提取率为463mg/g.     

油茶籽粕中茶皂素和蛋白质同时提取工艺研究

介绍了以油茶籽粕为原料,分别采用传统的水浸法和碱溶酸沉法同时提取皂素和蛋白质的工艺研究结果。结果表明,所采用的工艺简单可行;水浸法提取茶皂素的最佳工艺条件为液料比11:1,pH11,提取时间8h,提取温度80℃,提取率最高可达36.38%;碱溶酸沉法提取提取油茶籽粕蛋白的最佳工艺条件为料液比1:25,pH10,浸提时间130min,浸提温度60℃,提取率最高可达48.59%。     

碱溶酸沉法提取籽粒苋蛋白质的工艺优化

采用单因素试验及响应曲面试验,研究了浸提液pH,温度,浸提时间,料液比对籽粒苋蛋白质提取率的影响,确定了碱溶酸沉法提取籽粒苋蛋白的最佳工艺参数。结果表明影响籽粒苋蛋白质提取率的主次因素依次为:pH>浸提时间>料液比>提取温度。当pH为10,温度为40℃,浸提时间为107 min,料液比为1∶19时,籽粒苋蛋白质的提取率最高,可达71.83%。     

绿豆分离蛋白的制备及其功能特性的研究

研究了绿豆蛋白浸提的最佳工艺参数及其功能特性,结果表明,绿豆蛋白浸提的最佳工艺条件是:pH值9.0、提取温度40 ℃、提取时间20 min、料水比1∶15;绿豆分离蛋白的起泡性和泡沫稳定性较好,且具有一定保水性、乳化性及乳化稳定性,但吸油性较差.     

猕猴桃籽粕蛋白提取工艺研究

以猕猴桃籽粕为原料,研究碱提酸沉法提取猕猴桃籽粕蛋白的工艺条件,探讨猕猴桃籽粕粉碎度、料液比、浸提液pH值、提取时间、提取温度对蛋白提取率的影响并确定沉淀蛋白的等电点。采用正交实验优化工艺参数,实验结果表明:最佳工艺参数为浸提液pH10.0,提取温度50℃,籽粕粉碎度80目,料液比1∶12,浸提时间80min;提取液在pH4.3条件下沉淀蛋白效果最佳,蛋白提取率为63.7%,纯度为65.1%。     

柠檬总蛋白的提取工艺参数优化

以柠檬为原料,通过单因素试验、正交试验,研究了不同因素对柠檬总蛋白提取的影响。结果表明,在磷酸缓冲液中蛋白质的溶解性较好,粗提取的最佳工艺为：硫酸铵饱和度80%,温度20 ℃,料液比1∶20（g∶mL）,浸提时间4 h,在此条件下蛋白提取率是83%。因素对蛋白提取率的影响程度依次为：温度＞浸提时间＞料液比。     

响应面优化超声波提取薏米蛋白工艺

以薏米为原料,研究了料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间、超声时间、pH对薏米蛋白提取率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上采用响应面法对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明:在浸提温度45℃、料液比1∶10(g/mL)的条件下,影响蛋白质提取率的3个关键因素为pH、超声时间和浸提时间,最佳超声波提取条件为pH11、超声时间26 min、浸提时间4 h,得出薏米蛋白质提取率为48.71%。     

酶法提取怀菊花总黄酮工艺研究

用正交实验确定酶法提取怀菊花总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比为1∶ 10,酶解温度45 ℃,pH=6.2,纤维素酶用量0.25 g/L,果胶酶用量0.3 g/L,酶解时间150 min,浸提时间60 min,浸提液体积40 mL.在此条件下怀菊花总黄酮的得率可达6.83%.     

桑叶叶蛋白提取工艺的研究

对桑树叶蛋白提取条件的优化进行了研究。结果表明，桑树叶蛋白提取的优化工艺条件为：室温下，以水为浸提荆，打浆时间3min，浸提时间4min，料液比1：5（叶片重比浸提剂体积，即g：m1），漫挺剂pH值8．0，絮凝温度75℃，调节提取液pH为5．0、8．0和13．0得到沉淀物，在60℃干燥。该工艺提取桑树鲜叶叶蛋白得率为：5．17％。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the