2,3-环氧丙磺酸钠的合成及应用进展

综述了3 氯 2 羟基丙磺酸钠和2,3 环氧丙磺酸钠的合成及其在功能材料方面的应用。由环氧氯丙烷与亚硫酸氢钠反应可以生成3 氯 2 羟基丙磺酸钠,再由3 氯 2 羟基丙磺酸钠在碱性溶液中闭环生成2,3 环氧丙磺酸钠。2,3 环氧丙磺酸钠因其分子结构中既含有环氧基,又含有亲水性的磺酸盐基团,可通过环氧基的开环反应和共聚反应等制备许多性能优异的功能物质如:胶凝化剂、稠化剂、乳化剂、光敏材料、印染保护剂等。     

2-氯苄基-N-琥珀酰亚胺基碳酸酯的合成研究

以2-氯苄醇和三氯甲基碳酸双酯为起始原料,以二氯乙烷为溶剂,合成了氯甲酸2-氯苄酯,并和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺反应制备得到肽类保护剂2-氯苄基-N-琥珀酰亚胺基碳酸酯。对反应条件进行了优化,两步反应的总收率接近50%,所得产品经1H NMR确证。     

二苯乙炔类棒状分子前体的合成

介绍了一种二苯乙炔类棒状分子前体的合成方法。以对碘苯酚为原料,先用氯甲醚保护酚羟基,再经Sonogashira反应并脱去异丙醇基制备了苯乙炔中间体,最后Glaser反应偶联苯乙炔中间体合成了标题化合物。该分子简单水解脱去甲氧基甲醚保护基后,即可在两边酚羟基上对称或不对称地引入各种基团来获得不同的二苯乙炔棒状分子。     

除草剂苯噻草胺的合成

介绍了苯噻草胺及相关中间体的合成方法,其中苯噻草胺的合成采用２ 氯代苯并噻唑与２ 羟基 Ｎ 甲基乙酰苯胺反应来制备为宜,２ 氯代苯并噻唑的合成采用２ 巯基苯并噻唑氯化法为宜,２ 羟基 Ｎ 甲基乙酰苯胺的合成采用氯乙酰氯法为宜。     

2-（3-氯吡啶-2-基）-5-羟基吡唑-3-甲酸乙酯的合成

2-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-5-羟基吡唑-3-甲酸乙酯是合成氯虫酰胺杀虫剂的一种重要中间体。以2,3-二氯吡啶为原料经肼解、环合两步反应合成2-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-5-羟基吡唑-3-甲酸乙酯,并对其工艺做了改进和优化,总收率43.1%。其中,3-氯-2-肼基吡啶采用无溶剂法合成,工艺过程简单。     

芥基羟磺基甜菜碱的合成优化及应用研究

合成了芥基羟磺基甜菜碱,对反应条件进行了优化,第一步用亚硫酸氢钠∶环氧氯丙烷=1.05∶1,在85℃下合成3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠;第二步以异丙醇水溶液为溶剂,芥基叔胺∶3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠=1∶1在90℃下反应6 h,芥基叔胺的转化率达97%。通过红外光谱分析确定该物质的结构。用旋滴法考察了合成产物对界面张力的影响,指出该产物可能适用于二三类油藏的三次采油中。     

除草剂苯噻草胺的合成

介绍了苯噻草胺及相关中间体的合成方法,其中苯噻草胺的合成采用２－氯代苯并噻唑与２－羟基－Ｎ－甲基乙酰胺反应来制备为宜,２－氯代苯并噻唑的合成采用２－在苯并噻唑氯化法为宜,２－羟基－Ｎ－甲基乙苯胺的合成采用氯乙酰氯法为宜。     

二苯甲酮类聚乙二醇单甲醚基水溶型紫外线吸收剂的合成与表征

将2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮(UV-0)与氯乙酰氯反应合成2-羟基-4-氯乙酸酯基二苯甲酮(2H4CBP)中间体,然后利用氯乙酸酯基中活泼α-氯与聚乙二醇单甲醚醇钠反应,合成了一种新型聚乙二醇单甲醚基水溶型紫外线吸收剂,并对产物进行了结构表征。产物有较好的光稳定性,其水溶液在243、2903、22 nm处与UV-0有类似的3条特有吸收谱带,对波长200~400 nm的紫外光有良好的吸收作用。     

乳酸-丁腈橡胶嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以聚乙二醇和L-乳酸直接熔融缩聚法制备端羟基聚L-乳酸预聚物(HO-PLLA-OH),以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)与端羟基丁腈橡胶(HTBN)进行反应,合成了端异氰酸酯基丁腈橡胶(ITBN),然后再将端羟基聚L-乳酸与端异氰酸酯基丁腈橡胶发生偶联反应,合成了乳酸-丁腈橡胶嵌段共聚物,其分子质量高于原料端羟基聚L-乳酸,分子质量分布也比端羟基聚L-乳酸宽.     

遥爪聚异丁烯的合成

<正>1引言遥爪聚异丁烯的制备生要有2种方法,即聚合物降解法和链引发转移剂法（Inifer）。通过Inifer技术,可以得到末端带有叔氯的遥爪聚异丁烯’“,再由氯端基经有机反应转化为带有不同官能团的遥爪聚异丁烯,如C一C—[2]、羟基[3,4]、浚基”‘和苯基”’等。 Kennedy等“”‘研究表明,采用双端或三端引发剂,可得官能度凡。 2或 3土 0．二的遥爪聚异丁烯。武冠英等”‘研究探讨了合成端氯基遥爪聚异丁烯过程中的环化反应和链转移反应。本文选用双端直链烷烃叔酯为引发剂,三氯化硼为共引发剂,于CHzCI。中合成线性叔氯遥爪聚异丁烯。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。