APEEMD及其在转子碰摩故障诊断中的应用

总体平均经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)是抑制经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)模态混叠的有效方法,针对EEMD分解效果依赖于添加噪声的大小、筛分次数和总体平均次数等参数的选择及噪声残留大、分解不完备等问题,提出了自适应部分集成经验模态分解。该方法通过成对地向目标信号加入自适应噪声,并对每个内禀模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)自动选择筛选次数,通过排列熵检测筛分出高频IMF,再对剩余信号进行EMD分解。将提出的方法应用于仿真和转子碰摩故障试验数据分析,结果表明提出的方法能够有效地应用于转子碰摩故障诊断,而且在分量的精确性、完备性和模态混叠的抑制等方面优于EEMD方法。     

基于傅里叶分解方法的航空发动机转子故障诊断

针对传统时频分析法无法提取转子故障特征信息的问题,提出了基于傅里叶分解方法(FDM)的转子碰摩故障诊断方法。构造了调频调幅仿真信号,对比FDM、集合经验模态分解(EEMD)、变分模态分解(VMD)的分解结果发现,FDM能够实现仿真信号的完备性分解,且时频分辨率高。利用FDM对采集到的转子试验器机匣单点-转子全周碰摩试验故障数据进行诊断,不同算法故障信号分解结果的周期功率谱密度估计和故障特征提取结果表明,该方法具有更高的诊断可靠性,可有效地解决转子故障诊断问题。     

基于Teager-Huang变换的转子局部碰摩故障诊断

针对转子碰摩故障诊断问题,提出一种基于Teager-Huang变换的转子局部碰摩故障特征提取方法,该方法首先通过经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)将原始振动信号分解为若干个本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)分量,然后利用Teager量算子计算IMF分量的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率,得到故障信号的时频分布信息。通过转子局部碰摩故障诊断实例分析结果表明Teager-Huang变换方法比Hilbert-Huang变换方法能更好地追踪转子碰摩的发生,并能有效提取转子碰摩故障特征,验证了该方法的有效性。     

变分模态分解在转子故障诊断中的应用

针对转子故障诊断问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)的信号处理方法。该方法在获取分解分量的过程中通过迭代搜寻变分模型最优解来确定每个分量的频率中心及带宽,从而能够自适应地实现信号的频域剖分及各分量的有效分离,对各单分量信号进行希尔伯特变换,即可得到瞬时的频率和幅值信息。对仿真信号和典型转子故障信号进行VMD方法和经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)方法的分析比较,以验证所提方法的有效性。仿真信号的分解结果表明,变分模态能够准确分离出信号中的固有模态分量且不存在模态混叠;转子故障实验信号的分析结果表明,所提方法能够有效提取出明显的故障特征,从而准确诊断出转子存在的故障。     

ABC-VMD和包络谱分析在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

针对齿轮箱故障的非线性、非稳定性特点,提出了一种参数优化变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)提取特征频率的方法。首先,利用人工蜂群算法(Artificial bee colony algorithm,简称ABC)对VMD分解的层数和惩罚因子进行自适应选择;其次,根据互信息法在VMD分解后得到的有限个本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)中选择最佳模态函数;最后,对该模态函数进行包络谱分析,有效提取齿轮故障特征频率。仿真与实验结果表明,与经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)以及基于粒子群优化算法(Particle swarm optimization,简称PSO)的变分模态分解方法相比较,ABC-VMD方法自适应性强,可以有效克服模态混叠、信号丢失及过度分解问题,能够准确诊断齿轮箱故障,同时避免PSO-VMD易陷入局部最优的缺点。     

基于VMD-MDE和ELM的柱塞泵微弱故障诊断

针对早期微弱故障信号易受噪声干扰、难以提取和识别的问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)多尺度散布熵(multiscale dispersion entropy,简称MDE)和极限学习机(extreme learning machine,简称ELM)的柱塞泵微弱故障诊断方法。首先,采集各状态的振动信号进行VMD分解,得到若干模态分量,根据各模态分量Hilbert包络谱中特征频率能量贡献率大小,提出以归一化特征能量占比(feature energy ratio,简称FER)为重构准则的变分模态分解特征能量重构法(variational mode decomposition feature-energyreconsitution,简称VMDF),对各模态分量进行信号重构;其次,计算重构信号的MDE,对各尺度散布熵进行分析,选择有效尺度散布熵作为特征向量;最后,将提取的特征向量输入ELM完成故障模式识别。柱塞泵不同程度滑靴端面磨损故障的实验结果表明,该方法不仅提高了模式识别效率,还可以更好地反映故障程度变化规律,具有较好的应用性。     

基于改进Hilbert-Huang变换的机械故障诊断

Hilbert-Huang变换(Hilbert-Huangtransform,HHT)通过经验模式分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)和Hilbert变换能够自适应地将复杂的非线性、非平稳信号刻画成Hilbert-Huang谱,突显信号的局部特征,具有良好的时频聚集能力,因此被广泛用于机械信号处理与故障诊断.然而,EMD存在的模式混淆问题使其难以获得准确的本征模式分量(Intrinsic mode function,IMF).此外,通常只有部分IMF包含故障敏感信息、表征故障特征.因此基于EMID和所有IMF的Hilbert-Huang谱的故障诊断精度有待提高.为此提出一种基于总体平均经验模式分解(Ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)和敏感IMF的改进HHT.该方法利用EEMD获取无模式混淆的IMF,通过敏感度评估算法从EEMD所有的IMF中选择反应故障特征的敏感IMF,从而得到改进的Hilbert-Huang谱以更准确地诊断机械故障.通过仿真试验以及转子早期碰摩故障诊断的工程实例验证了改进HHT的有效性.     

基于DS⁃VMD及相关峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了自适应确定变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,简称VMD)的有关参数,减少轴承振动信号处理过程中对先验知识的依赖,提出了一种基于微分搜索(differential search,简称DS)的VMD参数自适应寻优算法,结合相关峭度指标实现轴承故障特征自适应提取。首先,采用DS算法对VMD的相关参数进行自适应寻优,并对信号进行VMD;其次,计算各本征模态函数(intrinsic mode functions,简称IMF)的相关峭度值,并利用该指标对各分量进行加权重构;然后,对重构信号进行包络谱分析以提取轴承故障特征;最后,将所提出方法与通过经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)方法及人为确定参数的传统VMD进行对比。仿真信号和实验数据分析表明:DS算法可有效确定VMD相关参数组合,且所提出方法可以更加准确、有效地识别出滚动轴承故障特征频率;与快速峭度图方法对比,所提出方法依然可以获得更好的结果。     

机械转子动静碰摩故障的EMD分解Hilbert包络谱分析

为避免碰摩故障对旋转机械的影响,针对转子系统局部碰摩的特征,提出一种基于EMD分解Hilbert包络谱分析方法。该珐利用EMD方法分解含有碰摩故障的振动信号,提取出的IMF分量有明显的调幅特征,再对其中突出的IMF分量进行Hilbert包络谱分析提取出故障特征频率。与倒谱分析相比,得到的碰摩故障信息更加精确;与小波分析相比,能更容易提取出真实的故障特征。     

VMD和奇异差分谱在齿轮早期故障诊断中的应用

针对齿轮故障振动信号的多分量、多频率调制特性且早期故障振动信号信噪比低,故障特征微弱难以提取的问题,提出了基于变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)和奇异值差分谱的故障诊断方法。首先对采集到的齿轮故障振动信号进行VMD分解,得到一系列窄带本征模态分量(band-limited intrinsic mode functions,BLIMFS),由于噪声的干扰,从各个模态分量的频谱中很难对故障做出正确的判断;然后根据相关系数准则,选取与原始信号相关系数较大的分量构建Hankel矩阵并进行奇异值分解,求取奇异值差分谱,从差分谱中确定重构信号的有效阶次对信号进行降噪处理;最后对降噪处理后的信号进行Hilbert包络谱分析,即可从中准确地识别出齿轮的故障特征频率。仿真信号和齿轮箱齿轮故障模拟实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地降低噪声的影响,准确地提取到齿轮微弱的故障特征信息。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.