基于主曲线法的核电主管道材料断裂韧性研究

核电工程的防脆断设计和在役缺陷评价主要应用线弹性断裂力学,并基于材料断裂韧性进行评价。材料断裂韧性需通过试验测定,首先采用落锤试验和V型缺口冲击试验共同确定参考温度,或采用主曲线法确定参考温度,然后将参考温度和材料温度作为变量建立关系式描述材料的断裂韧性。主曲线法能通过较少的试样试验得到材料的断裂韧性,并具有较高的置信度,因此在工程中已得到越来越多的应用。文中采用ASTM E1921标准,应用主曲线法测量了某核电厂主管道材料的参考温度,确定了材料的断裂韧性,并与ASME第Ⅺ卷附录G中的断裂韧性进行比较。结果表明,采用主曲线法得到的材料断裂韧性更高,工程应用中减少了保守裕度,提高了经济性。     

Study on Fracture Toughness of Nuclear Power Main Pipeline Material Based on Master Curve Method

The design against brittle fracture and in-service defect evaluation of nuclear power engineering mainly use linear elastic fracture mechanics, and the evaluation is based on the fracture toughness of the material. The fracture toughness of the material needs to be determined by testing. First, the reference temperature is determined by the drop weight test and the V-notch impact test, or by master curve method, then the reference temperature and the material temperature are used as variables to establish a relationship to describe the fracture toughness of the material. The master curve method can obtain fracture toughness through the fewer sample tests and the higher confidence, so it has been used more and more in engineering. In this paper, the ASTM E1921 standard was used to measure the reference temperature of the main pipeline material of a nuclear power plant using the master curve method. The fracture toughness of the material was determined, and compared with the fracture toughness in Appendix G of ASME Volume Ⅺ. The results show that the fracture toughness of material obtained by the master curve method has higher value, and the conservative margin is reduced in engineering, so economy is improved.     

快堆钠-空气热交换器翅片管传热及阻力特性试验研究

钠-空气热交换器是钠冷快堆事故余热排出系统的重要设备之一,与外界环境一起构成事故下反应堆余热的最终热阱。由于钠-空气热交换器的换热管采用垂直布置的翅片管结构,空气在不同位置处冲刷换热管的流速以及角度不同,导致其传热特性及阻力特性与传统翅片管换热器有很大不同。本文以钠-空气热交换器工程设计需求为研究背景,设计了两种试验件分别进行空气冲刷角度为90°和30°时翅片管束传热与流动阻力特性试验研究。试验结果表明：对于相同管排,空气冲刷角度为90°时的翅片管的换热系数及阻力系数明显大于空气冲刷角度为30°时的翅片管;对于相同空气冲刷角度下的不同换热管排,第2排翅片管的换热系数最大。本文研究为钠-空气热交换器的设计及优化提供了理论依据。     

转运通道中燃料组件自然对流传热特性试验研究

针对燃料组件滞留转运通道期间的自然循环传热过程开展了试验研究。获得了承载器顶角区域加热棒的试验数据,并拟合出传热经验关系式。计算结果与试验结果比较表明,该关系式能较好地计算顶角区域加热棒顶部局部努塞尔数Nu。并通过试验数据证实了在相同的燃料棒热流密度和承载器进口水温条件下,最靠近承载器顶角位置的1号棒的传热能力最差,壁温最高。     

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer and Resistance Characteristics for Finned Tube of Fast Reactor Sodium-air Heat Exchanger

Sodium-air heat exchanger is one of the important equipment in the decay heat removal system of sodium-cooled fast reactor, which together with the external environment constitutes the final heat trap for the residual heat of a reactor. Due to the vertically arranged finned tube structure adopted by the heat exchanger tubes of the sodium-air heat exchanger and the difference of the flow direction and velocity of the air at the different positions, the heat transfer and resistance characteristics are very different from of traditional finned tube heat exchanger. In this paper, based on the engineering design requirements of sodium-air heat exchanger, two kinds of experimental specimens were designed to study the heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics of finned tube bundles with air flow angles of 90° and 30°. The experimental results show that the heat transfer and resistance coefficients of the same finned tube with air flow angles of 90° are significantly greater than those of the finned tube with air flow angles of 30°. For the same air flow direction, the second finned tube has the largest heat transfer coefficient. The research provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of sodium-air heat exchanger.     

转运通道中燃料组件沸腾传热的试验研究

在压水堆换料过程中,乏燃料组件要通过水下通道完成从反应堆厂房到乏燃料水池的运输。为获得乏燃料组件在换热条件较恶劣的承载器顶角区域的传热特性,开展了试验研究,测量得到了2 400～20 000 W/m²不同热流密度下承载器顶角区域3根燃料棒顶部的沸腾换热系数,并拟合得到沸腾传热关联式。研究结果可为今后工程应用中评估燃料组件在转运过程中的热工安全状态和表面最高温度提供参考。     

扁管单相对流换热实验研究

本文以单相水为介质,对结构尺寸不同的3种扁管的换热与阻力特性进行了实验研究。并根据工程实际的需要,选用适当的方法对扁管在实验范围内的强化换热效率指标进行评价,确定了扁管的最佳工作区域。结果表明,扁管的管内换热系数明显高于光圆管的,换热系数最高可达光圆管的2.62倍,在换热面积和泵功率相同情况下,扁管最佳工作区域的换热量最高可达光圆管的2.2倍。     

基于LB方法的管内流动沸腾传热模拟

为研究竖直管内流动沸腾的传热情况及气泡行为学,采用格子玻尔兹曼（LB）方法,利用改进后的伪势模型和热模型分别模拟流动和传热过程。为验证模型的合理性,对模拟结果与经验关系式进行了定量对比。之后对气泡行为对沸腾传热系数的影响进行了研究,结果表明,随着气泡的核化、生长、滑移和脱离,传热系数呈现周期性波动。最后考察了重力加速度对气泡行为和沸腾传热的影响,重力越大,气泡生长周期越短,沸腾传热系数越大。     

波浪管内流场与传热及阻力特性数值模拟

参照波浪管单管换热的实验数据,选用Fluent软件中的不同湍流模型和壁面处理方法,对波浪管换热器的换热系数和压降进行计算,通过比较计算结果,确定可用于波浪管内流动传热特性模拟的计算方法。在此基础上,进一步分析流体在波浪管内部的流场结构和传热特性。分析结果表明：RNG k-ε模型配合增强壁面处理方法得到的计算结果与实验值最为接近;与直管相比,波浪管的换热系数和阻力系数的增加幅度在低Re下较大,而在高Re下较小,其中换热系数和阻力系数增加幅度最大的位置均出现在各弧段交接处,即曲率反向的位置。计算结果可为强化传热管设计及其优化提供支撑。     

螺旋式传热管束流致振动试验研究

对某溶液堆堆芯内呈纵向螺旋状盘绕的传热管束进行了流致振动试验研究,包括结构在空气中和静水中振动特性的计算和试验以及稳态和瞬态运行工况下的流致振动试验.试验结果表明,传热管束入、出口之间的压力差随流速的增加而增加,且上部固定连接端是相对薄弱的部位.在稳态运行时不会发生动力失稳,振动位移不会造成管束各管段之间发生接触碰撞,疲劳分析表明满足规范要求.瞬态响应最大振动位移和应变均比稳态运行时高两个数量级以上.