基于隐半马尔可夫模型设备退化状态识别方法研究

机械设备从正常到故障往往经历一系列退化状态,正确识别与估计设备当前所处的退化状态,对预防设备进一步退化和故障的发生具有重要意义。隐半马尔可夫模型(Hidden Semi-MarkovModels,HSMM)是隐马尔可夫模型(hidden Markov models,HMM)的一种扩展模型,克服了因马尔可夫链的假设造成HMM建模所具有的局限性,比HMM具有更好的建模能力和分析能力。由状态识别和HMM本质上的相通性,将HSMM引入到机械设备的状态识别中,提出了一种基于HSMM状态识别方法,描述了该模型的拓扑结构和主要参数以及相应的训练和识别算法。最后通过滚动轴承试验系统验证了方法的有效性。     

基于HMM的机械设备运行状态评估与故障预测研究综述

随着对机电设备安全性和可靠性要求的不断提高,准确获取趋势性故障发展历程的退化特征信息并建立有效的故障预测模型是提高设备运行可靠性的关键。隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model,HMM)具有描述隐藏状态和观测状态的双随机过程属性,与设备的退化过程在某种程度上是相似的,因此成为故障预测模型的研究热点。综述国内外基于隐马尔可夫模型的退化评估与预测方法,重点论述基于隐马尔可夫模型及其改进方法隐半马尔可夫模型(Hidden semi-Markov Model,HSMM)的机械设备故障预测方法,分析比较各种方法的优缺点,并总结展望基于隐马尔可夫模型故障预测方法的发展趋势。     

基于耦合隐马尔可夫的轴承故障诊断方法

针对轴承故障信号比较微弱的特点,提出了一种基于耦合隐马尔可夫模型(coupled hidden Markov model,简称CHMM)的轴承故障诊断方法。首先,根据轴承传动结构特点,设计能够监测轴承振动状态的传感器网络;其次,通过非线性特征提取方法获取能够反映轴承健康状态的少数关键特征,利用传感信号的矢量量化代替提取其频域微弱特征的方法,可有效提高故障诊断效率和准确率;然后,在多通道信息融合中引入隐马尔可夫模型,采用左右型齐次隐马尔可夫链实现故障诊断;最后,通过对各种轴承故障状态构建其对应的耦合隐马尔可夫模型的方式,实现对轴承故障类型的辨识。试验结果表明,该方法能够有效地实现对轴承故障类型的识别。     

基于小波相关特征尺度熵的HSMM设备退化状态识别与故障预测方法

隐半马尔可夫模型(HSMM)是隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的一种扩展模型,是在已定义的HMM结构上加入了时间组成部分,克服了因马尔可夫链的假设造成HMM建模所具有的局限性,与HMM相比具有更好的建模能力和分析能力,而且可以直接用于预测.基于振动信号与语音信号的相似性,将HSMM引入机械设备退化状态识别与故障预测中,提出基于小波相关特征尺度熵(WCFSE)的HSMM设备退化状态识别与故障预测方法.首先将小波相关滤波法与信息熵理论相结合得到能敏感表征故障严重程度的WCFSE向量,并以此向量作为HSMM的输入进行训练,建立基于HSMM的设备运行状态分类器与故障预测模型,从而实现设备退化状态识别与故障预测.将其应用到滚动轴承的退化状态识别与故障预测中,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于DD-HSMM的设备运行状态识别与故障预测方法

针对设备运行状态识别与故障预测问题,提出一种基于时变转移概率的隐半Markov模型。该模型将设备历史运行信息融人Markov状态转移概率矩阵的估计过程中,使Markov状态转移概率矩阵具有时变特性。基于改进前向后向算法研究了相应的隐半Markov模型参数估计方法,使其能够不断综合利用历史运行信息进行自我更新,以更加符合设备真实运行的过程。同时以该模型为基础,利用故障率方法建立了对设备剩余使用寿命进行预测的基本步骤。通过某滚动轴承运行状态识别实例演示了该模型的建模过程,证明了基于该模型的设备状态识别与预测方法比传统隐半Markov模型方法更为有效。     

基于主曲线相似度的轴承健康状态评估方法

为了更有效地评估滚动轴承性能退化程度,提出了基于流形空间主曲线相似度的状态评估方法。首先,结合轴承振动信号自身特点,进行高维特征提取,利用流形学习算法拉普拉斯特征映射(Laplacian eigenmaps,简称LE)将原高维特征空间转换至低维空间;其次,利用软-K主曲线算法提取样本主曲线;最后,结合离散Frechet距离做出状态评估曲线。通过滚动轴承全寿命实验进行对比分析,所提方法相对隐马尔科夫链模型(hidden Markov model,简称HMM)、深度信念网络(deep belief networks,简称DBN)等方法,能更早地发现设备的早期故障,且可以对滚动轴承健康状态进行定量评估。     

基于贝叶斯推论和自组织映射的轴承性能退化评估方法

为在线识别和评估轴承的动态运行状态,提出一种基于贝叶斯推论和自组织映射的轴承性能退化评估方法。首先运用独立成分分析算法从原始特征集提取表征轴承正常运行的特征集,建立描述轴承健康状态的基准自组织映射模型,进而提出基于负对数似然概率的设备性能量化评估指标和基于贝叶斯推论的失效概率计算方法,在线识别和评估轴承的动态运行状态。通过在轴承全寿命测试床的实验结果表明,与一些传统的特征值指标和基于支持向量数据描述的性能退化评估方法相比,提出的评估指标可有效地量化轴承的全寿命性能退化过程,为进一步制定维护计划提供重要的设备健康信息。     

基于融合模糊C均值与隐马尔科夫模型的滚动轴承的退化状态识别

滚动轴承在长期的工作过程中其性能会出现不同程度的退化,如果能对滚动轴承的退化状态进行识别就可以做好维护措施。用自回归模型(Autoregressive model, AR)对滚动轴承全寿命周期的振动信号提取其系数及残差,用正常样本和失效样本特征建立模糊C均值模型(Fuzzy C Mean, FCM),用轴承正常样本的特征数据建立隐马尔科夫(Hidden Markov model, HMM)模型,将轴承的测试样本信号输入建立的FCM和HMM模型得到的两个退化指标,再将其作为特征矩阵输入到FCM模型,得到融合方法的性能退化曲线,结果表明该方法集中了空间统计距离模型和概率统计模型两者的优势,最后用IEEE PHM2012实验数据进行验证,表明所述方法与滚动轴承性能退化趋势保持一致并且可以提早发现早期故障。     

滚动轴承性能退化的时序多元状态估计方法

滚动轴承性能退化评估是预诊断的提前和基础,对在役滚动轴承实施在线状态监测和性能退化评估具有重要意义。针对概率相似度量评估方法存在模型复杂、容易过早饱和等现象,提出一种基于自回归时序 （autoregressive model,简称AR）模型和多元状态估计（multivariate state estimation technique, 简称MSET）的滚动轴承性能在线评估方法,其中AR模型用于提取轴承振动信号的状态特征,MSET模型用于重构AR模型系数。首先,提取正常运行状态下振动信号的AR模型系数构建MSET模型的历史记忆矩阵;其次,将待测信号的AR系数作为观测向量输入MSET模型中得到重构后的估计向量;最后,由原始AR系数和重构AR系数分别构造自回归模型,并各自完成对待测信号的时序建模,将两自回归模型所得残差序列的均方根值之差作为性能劣化程度指标。离散实验数据和全寿命疲劳实验数据分析结果表明,该方法能够有效检测早期故障,且具有与轴承故障发展趋势一致性更好等优点。     

基于CHMM的轴承性能退化程度综合评估方法研究

针对传统轴承性能退化评估方法中退化阶段划分的主观性以及连续隐马尔科夫模型在建立评估模型时只考虑正常状态下的样本所引起评估结果的不足,提出了一种基于连续隐马尔科夫模型的轴承性能退化程度综合评估方法。该方法首先通过支持向量聚类方法将轴承全寿命周期划分成若干个退化阶段,然后从每个阶段中提取一定比例的样本用于训练,采用轴承正常阶段的训练样本建立轴承的连续隐马尔科夫模型,将不同退化阶段的训练样本输入模型,分别得到不同阶段样本相对于所建立正常阶段的连续隐马尔科夫模型的输出概率,据此得到样本隶属于不同退化阶段的隶属函数分布。最后,采用集对分析的方法建立轴承测试样本相对于正常阶段样本的联系度,并最终得到轴承性能退化程度的综合得分。通过利用轴承全寿命数据,并与传统连续隐马尔科夫模型及传统无量纲指标进行了对比,验证了所提出的综合评估方法在轴承性能退化评估方面的有效性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.