边界散射对超声水平剪切导波成像检测的影响

超声水平剪切(Shear horizontal,SH)导波在工业在役板材成像检测和结构健康监测(Structural health monitoring,SHM)中有重要的应用价值。基于合成孔径聚焦方法,对钢板中人工缺陷用超声SH导波进行成像,对边界散射条件下的成像检测阵列信号进行分析,探讨了边界散射对超声SH导波成像检测的影响。研究结果表明,基于合成孔径聚焦的超声SH导波成像方法用于板材缺陷成像检测时,超声边界散射使成像信号双曲线阵列特征弱化,缺陷声波信号衰减增大,信号散射噪声增强,进而使成像清晰度降低,易导致漏检;同时边界散射会造成同一缺陷信号产生双峰或多峰,成像信号双曲线阵列特征紊乱,使成像发生畸变,会导致误检。这将为进一步改进工业在役大尺度板材超声导波成像质量与提高结构健康监测水平提供重要基础。     

基于密集阵列的参数化Lamb波检测技术研究

Lamb波具有衰减慢、模态多、对结构几何特性和材料属性变化敏感等特点,在大型板壳结构的远距离、大范围快速检测技术研究领域得到了众多的关注。传统Lamb波成像算法将多组散射信号时间相关参数映射到结构每一个离散空间网格上实现缺陷信息的可视化。该类算法的执行效率低,且无法直接提供缺陷位置参数信息。将缺陷成像问题转换为散射信号源点求解问题进行分析,提出一种基于十字形密集阵列的参数化Lamb波检测技术。首先基于时飞原理建立散射信号源点求解函数模型;并提出一种融合烟火算法和统计分析技术的信号源点求解函数模型分析算法,实现缺陷空间位置的参数化分析。最后通过有限元模型和试验验证了所提出的检测技术对不同角度裂纹缺陷检测的有效性,并分析了模型参数设置对检测效果的影响。     

基于频率-波数的频域合成孔径导波成像研究

为实现管道中缺陷位置与尺寸的准确预测,在爆炸反射成像原理的基础上,提出了一种基于频率-波数的频域合成孔径导波成像算法。通过磁致伸缩方式在管道中激励出T(0,1)模态导波,对采集到的回波信号做二维傅里叶变换并进行角谱运算对频域内声场进行重构。最后,对其进行反傅里叶变换后实现目标区域内的聚焦成像。通过实验验证成像结果,同时与原始B扫结果进行了对比。结果表明,所提算法有效抑制了旁瓣效应产生,使成像分辨率提高了约30%,定量误差缩减了26.1%;同时研究表明在缺陷轴向位置、深度及倾斜角度发生改变时,利用该算法实现缺陷图像重构后,其检测准确度只受缺陷周向范围的绝对尺寸影响,对周向表面缺陷检测具体较高的灵敏度。     

频散补偿在导波缺陷形状辨识上的应用

针对超声导波具有的频散特性,导致导波缺陷检测信号波包在结构中传播时发生的展宽及衰减现象,研究了如何利用频散补偿技术对检测信号进行处理,将被频散特性淹没的缺陷信息再现,以实现缺陷形状的辨识问题.在进行实验验证的过程中,利用导波检测管道中的双槽形人工缺陷,通过改变端面加载的压电传感器位置,接收一组时域回波信号,根据波数-频率关系对导波传播过程中的频散进行补偿后,再现缺陷的形状特征.     

基于退火选择微粒群算法的车间调度问题研究

针对车间调度问题研究的不足,以及标准微粒群算法只能求解无约束问题和容易陷入局部最优的缺陷,提出一种退火选择微粒群算法。通过构造混合罚函数的方式对目标函数进行优化;采用一种动态权重策略,并与模拟退火算法以及遗传算法的选择过程相结合,有效避免陷入局部最优,提高了算法的寻优能力。将ASPSO算法应用于实例仿真,得到了较好的结果,证明了算法的可行性和有效性。     

钢轨中超声导波激励响应计算方法研究

为了在钢轨中激励出特定模态的导波信号,需确定导波发射探头在钢轨上的安装位置和激励方向,导波激励响应计算方法可通过仿真和计算来研究激励位置、激励方向与响应结果的关系,替代传统的试验验证方法。计算时通过半解析有限元方法建立钢轨中超声导波传播的一般均质波动方程,求解方程得到波数和振型矢量,建立钢轨的系统函数模型,在钢轨指定位置和方向施加激励信号,结合傅里叶变换与反变换计算得到最终的激励响应结果。已知激励位置和方向,结合计算结果可以研究分析各导波模态的激励方法。在西宝高速铁路现场试验表明,激励响应计算结果与实际测试结果误差为0.4%,具有较好的一致性。     

基于声学相位共轭理论的管道裂纹检测

将声学中相位共轭理论引入到管道裂纹检测中以实现声源信号的重构聚焦,对传统的超声导波无损检测中相位畸变、图像模糊等亟待解决的关键性问题进行改进。利用压电陶瓷(PZT)材料作为传感器,构建了一套管道裂纹的检测系统,验证相位共轭理论用于管道检测的可行性。通过在管道一端,利用PZT传感器,用对称加载的方式激励经过窗函数调制的五峰波信号,利用接收传感器提取信号,然后进行相位共轭处理再激励,从而实现信号的重构聚焦。试验结果表明,用超声导波信号的相位共轭法,可以实现信号的聚焦增益,提高了声波信号在固体介质中的信噪比,在管道的周向裂纹试验中得到了验证,对于超声导波在管道缺陷的识别和精确性的提高具有明显的改进作用。     

基于改进粒子群优化算法的PMSM矢量控制

对永磁同步电机矢量控制及标准粒子群优化算法进行分析,针对单一的粒子群优化算法容易陷入局部极小和早熟收敛的缺陷,提出了一种改进的粒子群优化算法。利用动态线性权重、非线性反正切函数改变学习因子提高了粒子的学习能力;利用动态自适应权重提高优化速度,建立在线优化PSO-PID控制器,应用于永磁同步电机控制,基于Infineon TC1782单片机搭建PMSM控制器。进行了电机台架测试,结果显示整个系统有更好的精确性以及准确性。     

基于L(0,2)模态导波的缺陷反射信号的实验研究

通过管道超声导波缺陷反射理论和检测理论,分析了超声导波与缺陷作用后的传播特性。为了对管道中缺陷信号进行辨识,利用周向压电晶片阵列在带有不同缺陷的管道中激励不同频率的L(0,2)模态导波对管道进行缺陷检测实验,研究了导波激励频率、模态转换后各模态幅值与缺陷尺寸的关系。结果表明,在缺陷截面比与信号激励频率相同的情况下,裂纹缺陷的反射系数比腐蚀缺陷的反射系数大;L(0,2)模态导波与裂纹缺陷相互作用后会产生F(2,3)模态;与缺陷同一周向位置的压电片接收的反射回波幅值最大。     

基于时间反转的单通道管道导波检测新方法

针对现有时间反转导波检测中的多通道时间反转信号激励的问题,通过对时间反转传感器位置与检测信号之间关系的研究,提出一种利用传感器位置差异补偿时间反转激励信号时间差的时间反转信号错时激励方法.在此基础上,通过合理安排各传感器的轴向位置,并采用L(0,2)模态激发缺陷被动波源,可实现单通道的时间反转导波检测,有望解决现有多通道的时间反转检测方法中的瓶颈问题.数值模拟的结果还表明,增加传感器个数和增大时间反转信号截取窗宽均可达到提高缺陷的检出能力的目的.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.