产共轭亚油酸丙酸菌的筛选及转化条件初探

通过富集培养、梯度密度稀释和液体培养发酵,采用紫外分光光度法测定共轭亚油酸(CLA),从市售奶酪中筛选获得1株转化生成CLA能力相对较高的菌株P9:考察了菌体接种量、亚油酸(LA)的添加量、反应温度、反应体系pH值以及乳化剂种类等因素对菌株P9 CLA生成量的影响.通过对菌株P9的菌落和形态特征、产丙酸特性及生理生化特性分析,初步鉴定该菌株为费氏丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium frudenreichii).研究结果显示,菌株P9在菌体接种量10%(v/v),LA添加量0.75mg/mL,pH值为6.8,反应温度30℃,Tween-80作为乳化剂的条件下,CLA生成量为63.371μg/mL,亚油酸转化率为8.45%,表现出较好的产共轭亚油酸能力.     

新型混菌发酵制备丙酸工艺及其优化

以产酸丙酸杆菌和酵母菌为菌种,进行混菌发酵制备丙酸的工艺研究,并探索最优工艺条件.通过单因素实验和正交优化实验确定了最优发酵工艺条件为:酿酒酵母为辅助菌,接种比例为Pa∶Sc=2.5∶1,接种间隔时间为8h,发酵温度为30℃,以NaOH(2mol/L)溶液为中和剂,采用自动流加方式,发酵时间为180h.优化后的混菌发酵工艺能有效提高丙酸产量,丙酸产量达24.16g/L,与纯菌发酵相比提高46.34％.     

一株产胶原蛋白酶细菌的鉴定及产酶条件优化

采用形态学特征、生理生化特征结合16S rDNA对一株产胞外胶原蛋白酶的菌株AL-13进行鉴定。获得安全、高效、高产量的生产胶原蛋白酶工艺。以胶原蛋白酶活性为指标,采用单因素实验优化温度、pH、接种量等产酶培养条件后,利用单因素结合响应曲面法优化产酶培养基。结果表明,AL-13鉴定为侧孢短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus laterosporus),最适产酶培养条件为:培养时间48 h、培养温度25 ℃、初始pH8.0、接种量6%(v/v),最适产酶培养基为:葡萄糖8.14 g/L、牛肉膏11.63 g/L、氯化钙0.17 g/L、磷酸氢二钾2.08 g/L、氯化钠9.48 g/L,在该产酶条件下胶原蛋白酶活力预测值为154.89 U/mL,验证结果显示酶活为(153.06±3.73) U/mL,此结果与预测值接近,相对误差为0.04%。本实验成功优化了一株产胶原蛋白酶细菌的产酶条件,产酶条件优化后的酶活(153.06 U/mL)较优化前(16.14 U/mL)提高了9.5倍。     

费氏丙酸杆菌谢氏亚种转化芝麻油生成共轭亚油酸的研究

对费氏丙酸杆菌谢氏亚种CGMCC1.2231菌体细胞转化芝麻油生成共轭亚油酸进行了研究。首先通过单因素实验,研究了诱导产酶阶段亚油酸的添加量,以及转化反应温度、缓冲体系pH值、乳化剂种类对共轭亚油酸生成量的影响,进而通过正交实验得到最佳转化条件。在诱导产酶培养阶段加入0.15%(v/v)的亚油酸,转化温度30℃,反应体系pH值为7.4,使用牛血清白蛋白乳化底物的条件下,共轭亚油酸的最高生成量可达45.682mg/mL。     

影响丙酸菌生长和产酸因素的初步研究

研究了培养方式和各种培养条件对丙酸杆菌的生长、丙酸生物量及环境酸度变化的影响,初步确定丙酸杆菌发酵的初步优化培养方式、培养基的始初pH及不同浓度的营养成分对丙酸杆菌的生长和产酸量的影响,初步优化的培养基成分为葡萄糖3.0%,酵母膏2.0%,蛋白胨0.3%,氯化钴6ppm;培养方式静置有氧培养好;灭菌前pH7.0~7.5。     

响应面法优化P.acidipropionici产酸发酵培养基

利用响应面分析法优化产酸丙酸杆菌发酵产酸培养基.在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken试验设计,选定甘油、混合氮源(酵母提取物:胰酶大豆肉汤=2∶1)和磷酸氢二钾3个关键因子为响应因子,以丙酸产量为响应值建立多元二次回归方程,在分析各个因素的显著性和交互作用后,确定了产酸丙酸杆菌发酵产酸的最优培养基为:甘油44.4g/L、混合氮源(酵母提取物:胰酶大豆肉汤=2∶1)27.0g/L、K2HPO4 2.0g/L,丙酸产量最大预测值为20.75g/L.经过优化,丙酸产量提高了151％,实验值与预测值基本相符.     

天然促生因子促使黄浆水发酵条件优化

选择面粉、玉米粉、糯米粉、大米粉为参试天然促生因子,黄浆水为培养基质,产酸量、pH为考察指标。探讨不同天然促生因子、发酵温度、发酵时间、接种量、最佳天然促生因子添加量对黄浆水自然发酵产酸的影响,研制一种豆腐天然凝固剂。在单因素实验的基础上,采用均匀设计法对其发酵条件进行优化,并对产酸量进行二次多项式逐步回归分析。结果表明,面粉为最佳天然促生因子;黄浆水最适自然发酵条件为:发酵温度37℃,接种量3%(v/v),发酵时间24h,面粉添加量7.5%(w/v),培养基初始pH 6.2,产酸量达0.8301g/100mL。     

耐热β-葡聚糖酶产生菌AS35产酶条件的研究

本试验对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)AS35产β-葡聚糖酶的发酵条件进行优化研究。单因素实验结果表明:该菌产β-葡聚糖酶的最佳碳源为麦糟粉,添加量为3.0%(w/v),最佳麦糟粉颗粒直径为0.5mm左右;最佳氮源为蛋白胨,添加量为0.8%(w/v);最佳培养基初始pH为7.0;最佳摇瓶装液量为50mL/250mL三角瓶;最佳发酵温度为36℃。在上述优化条件下,以接种量10%(v/v)接种菌龄18h的种子于发酵培养基中,200r/min摇床培养60h,β-葡聚糖酶酶活达到32.5U/mL。同时,耐热性实验表明,该酶最适反应温度为65℃。     

丙酸杆菌代谢物与山梨酸钾抑菌作用比较研究

以一株费氏丙酸杆菌突变株为出发菌株,通过改变发酵培养基、接种量和初始培养pH值3方面,研究其代谢产物对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌作用,并与山梨酸钾的抑菌作用进行对比。结果表明:3种发酵培养基均对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌均存在一定的抑制作用,其中以乳酸钠(sodium lactate broth,SLB)培养基发酵时,该菌株代谢产物的抑菌活性分别为25.3 AU/mL和18.3 AU/mL,结果要优于0.1%的山梨酸钾的抑菌活性(21.1 AU/mL和14.1 AU/mL);对于接种量而言,对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌活性最佳的接种量分别为6%和5%,其抑菌活性分别为28.1 AU/mL和18.0 AU/mL,抑菌效果均优于0.1%的山梨酸钾;对于不同培养pH值而言,对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌活性最适初始pH值分别为6.5和6,抑菌活性分别为27.6 AU/mL和14.5 AU/mL,其抑菌效果也优于0.1%的山梨酸钾。所以,选择在适宜条件下发酵所得的丙酸杆菌代谢物,对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制效果要优于山梨酸钾。对丙酸杆菌代谢物抑菌作用的研究将为新型天然防腐剂的开发提供依据与试验数据支撑。     

一株红色素产生菌的鉴定及发酵条件优化

将一株从四川自贡砂质土壤中分离得到的产红色素菌株XF105采用生理生化及分子生物学鉴定,根据菌株的16SrDNA序列分析结果及生理生化特性,该菌株XF105归属为P.agaridevorans属。以此菌株为出发菌株,分别从发酵温度、p H、装液量、接种量4个单因素研究发酵条件,在单因素实验基础上采用响应曲面设计实验,对Paenibacillus agaridevorans XF-105产红色素的发酵条件进行优化。优化结果表明,Paenibacillus agaridevorans XF-105产红色素最优发酵条件为温度27℃,p H6.15,装液量为22.4%(v/v),接种量为9.78%(v/v),在此条件下红色素的吸光度为0.415,回归模型的预测值为0.3996,发酵效果最佳。     

衡水老白干酒中产酸微生物的分离鉴定及性能研究

有机酸是白酒的重要呈味物质,也是香味成分的前驱物质。利用气相色谱和高效液相色谱检测出衡水老白干酒中含有乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和乳酸等6种有机酸。经试验在大曲、酒醅中分离得到69株产酸菌,其中具有代表性的醋酸菌1株,乳酸菌4株,丙酸菌2株。对其中一株主要产酸菌进行了16S rDNA鉴定为食窦魏斯氏菌（Weissella cibaria）,并对其的产酸特性进行初步研究,结果表明,在初始pH值6.5,接种量7%,温度32 ℃,培养36 h时乳酸产量最高,为7.12 mg/mL。     

Biohydrogen production from cattle wastewater by enriched anaerobic mixed consortia: influence of fermentation temperature and pH

Experiments were conducted to select a natural mixed microflora seed source and investigate the effect of temperature and pH on fermentative hydrogen (H2) production from cattle wastewater by sewage sludge. Sewage sludge was shown to have higher cumulative H2 production than other inoculum collected from cow dung compost, chicken manure compost, and river sludge. Experimental results show that H2 production from cattle wastewater was significantly affected by both pH and temperature of the culture. The maximum H2 yield was obtained at pH 5.5. H2 yield and the ratio of butyrate/acetate (Bu/Ac) followed a similar production trend, suggesting that butyrate formation might favor H2 production. The optimal temperature for H2 production from cattle wastewater was 45 degrees C with peak values of H2 production (368 ml), hydrogen yield of 319 ml H2/g chemical oxygen demand (COD) consumed, and butyrate/acetate ratio of 1.43. Presence of ethanol and propionic acid indicated decreased hydrogen production; their concentrations were also affected by pH and temperature. A modified Gompertz model adequately described H2 production and bacterial growth.     

The effect of formalin and lower volatile fatty acids on silage fermentation

Lolium multiflorum was ensiled in 3 kg capacity PVC silos after treatment with formalin, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid applied singly and in mixtures of two, three and four at a constant application rate of 4.5 g kg^?1 fresh grass. The extent of fermentation was assessed by measuring pH, WSC, VN and TSN, and by microbiological analysis of total microorganisms and yeasts. The stability of the silages on exposure to air was measured using a specially constructed temperature recording apparatus. All additives restricted fermentation, although acetic acid and propionic acid were less effective than formalin, formic acid and mixtures of additives. The most aerobically stable silages were those treated with propionic acid, formic/acetic acids, and formic/acetic/propionic acids.     

香蕉皮黄酮-丙酸复配剂对猪肉保鲜效果的研究

用香蕉皮黄酮提取物与丙酸按不同比例复配并稀释成不同浓度的保鲜剂,应用于新鲜猪肉保鲜,并对保鲜过程中的感官品质和理化指标进行检测。结果表明：香蕉皮黄酮：丙酸以1：1配比、处理浓度以1．5％可使新鲜猪肉保鲜效果最佳,在常温下保鲜期达3d,比对照多出2d;处理过的新鲜猪肉pH值、挥发性盐基氮（total volatile b...     

丙酸对费氏丙酸杆菌生长及脱氧腺苷钴胺素合成的影响

通过添加控制丙酸浓度考查了费氏丙酸杆菌发酵生产VB12的过程中丙酸抑制细胞生长的浓度范围,在此基础上利用树脂对发酵过程中丙酸进行了选择性吸附后细胞的生长和脱氧腺苷钴胺素合成的变化。研究结果表明,丙酸的浓度在10.0g/L时,对菌体细胞生长产生了明显的抑制。在丙酸浓度积累到10.0g/L之前,利用树脂对其吸附分离出2.5g/L的丙酸后,生物量提高了37.5%,脱氧腺苷钴胺素产量提高了50.0%。该实验为实现丙酸的在线分离和丙酸/VB12高效联产的新型耦合发酵工艺提供了基础。     

对甲苯磺酸铜催化合成丙酸乙酯

研究了对甲苯磺酸铜催化丙酸与乙醇的酯化反应，考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对酯化率的影响。实验结果表明，其较优条件为：丙酸0．1mol，醇酸摩尔比1．5：1，催化剂用量1．8mol％（基于丙酸的摩尔百分数），回流温度下反应2．0h，在此条件下酯化率可达93．6％。反应结束后对甲苯磺酸铜经过简单的相分离就可重复使用，无需再生，兼有均相和多相催化剂的优点。     

Diffusion of Acetic and Propionic Acids from Chitosan-based Antimicrobial Packaging Films

The diffusion of acetic or propionic acids from thin (44 to 54 μm) chitosan‐based antimicrobial packaging films in which they were incorporated was measured after immersion of the films in water, and the effects of pH (5.7, 6.4, or 7.0) and temperature (4 °C, 10 °C, or 24 °C) on diffusion were investigated. The kinetics of acetic‐ and propionic‐acid release deviated from the Fickian model of diffusion. Diffusion was found to be unaffected by pH in the range of values tested, but a decrease in temperature from 24 °C to 4 °C resulted in a reduction of diffusion coefficients from 2.59 × 10^?12 m².s^?1 to 1.19 × 10^?12 m².s^?1 for acetic acid and from 1.87 × 10^?12 m².s^?1 to 0.91 × 10^?12 m².s^?1 for propionic acid. The effect of temperature on diffusion was well (r² > 0.9785) described by an Arrhenius‐type model with activation energies of 27.19 J.mole^?1 (acetic) and 24.27 J.mole^?1 (propionic). Incorporation of lauric acid or essential oils (cinnamaldehyde or eugenol) into the chitosan film at the time of preparation produced a subsequent reduction in the diffusion of acetic or propionic acid, and maximum effects were obtained with lauric acid and cinnamaldehyde incorporated to final concentrations of 1.0% and 0.5% (w/w), respectively.     

A study of the Gamma hypothesis: predictive modelling of the growth and inhibition of Enterobacter sakazakii

Although the temperature growth profile of the opportunistic pathogen Enterobacter sakazakii is known, few other environmental factors affecting growth have been analysed. Using a model based on the Gamma hypothesis--that antimicrobial factors in mixtures exert independent effects--a range of weak acids (lactic, acetic, propionic, citric, sorbic and benzoic), pH, salt and temperature and some of their combinations were examined. The weak acids examined inhibited principally with the acid-form of the weak acid, however, benzoic, sorbic and propionic acids also displayed an inhibitory contribution from their respective anionic forms. In all cases pH could be considered an independent inhibiting factor. The minimum pH and maximum salt concentration for growth were calculated to be 3.89 and 9.1% respectively. In combination, there was no suggestion of any interactive effect between them. Studies performed on combinations of Na acetate/pH between 25 and 41 degrees C showed that temperature did not affect the relative inhibitory effects of the weak acid/pH mixtures. The results of this study support the Gamma hypothesis suggesting that there are no synergistic interactions between inhibitory factors and that growth can be predicted from a library of known effects. More importantly to the food industry, the results can be used to design good quality shelf-life challenge tests by reducing the number of studies required.     

草酸处理竹材的水解液pH值与水解得率的关系

以硫酸盐法生产溶解浆时,需先用预水解的方式去除原料中的半纤维素。实验探讨了以竹材为原料进行水预水解及草酸预水解过程中,水解液终点pH值与水解得率的变化规律。实验结果表明,在水预水解过程中,水解液的pH值与得率均会达到一个相对稳定值,而且,温度越高,达到相对稳定值越快;在草酸预水解过程中,草酸用量为1%时,水解液pH值变化不大,基本维持在3.2~3.3之间,但是得率随水解时间的延长而下降;草酸用量≥3%时,随水解反应的进行,pH值逐渐增大、得率逐渐降低,而后趋于稳定,而且,草酸用量越高,pH值及得率相对稳定值越低。在这2种水解过程中,水解液pH值与水解得率有很好的线性关系;温度对直线斜率影响不大;草酸用量越高,斜率越小。