Technological Regimes, Industrial Demography and the Evolution of Industrial Structures

The purpose of this paper is to weave together the new theoriesand empirical evidence analyzing firms and industries in motion,or what has been termed ‘industrial demographics’.In particular, the links between the technological regime underlyingan industry and the observed patterns of industry demographyare emphasized. Although a major conclusion of this new literatureis that the structure of industries is perhaps better characterizedby a high degree of fluidity and turbulence than stability,the patterns of industry demographics vary considerably fromindustry to industry. And what apparently shapes the evolutionof firms particular to a specific industry is, as much as anythingelse, the knowledge conditions shaping the technological regimeunderlying that industry.     

Technological Regimes and Sectoral Patterns of Innovative Activities

This paper focuses on the relationships between observed patternsof innovative activities within a sector and the related contextand underlying microeconomic processes that might account furthem. it claims that there are some invariant features (withrespect to relative prices and incentives mechanisms) of learningand knowledge accumulation that greatly affect the rare andstructure of innovative activity. These features are differentacross sectors. The paper proposes that the specific patternof innovative activity of a sector can be explained as the outcomeof different technological regimes that are implied by the natureof technology and knowledge. The notion of technological regimeprovides a synthetic representation of some of the most importanteconomic properties of technologies and of the characteristicsof the learning processes that are involved in innovative activities.     

Technological Knowledge Intensity and Entry Mode Diversity

• This paper expands the entry mode literature by referring to multiple modes exerted simultaneously in different value chain activities within and across host markets, rather than to a single entry mode at the host market level. We apply competing theoretical perspectives—internalization theory and knowledge transfer efficiency considerations on the one hand, and organizational learning theory on the other—to argue that firms’ technological knowledge intensity affect their entry mode diversity across value chain activities, across host markets, and at the overall corporate level.
• Analyzing a unique dataset we show that high technological knowledge intensity is strongly associated with high entry mode diversity across value chain activities and at the corporate level, but only weakly associated with greater entry mode diversity across geographic host markets.

     

企业知识管理及其模式

在介绍知识管理概念的基础上,强调了知识管理作为一项管理活动由来已久,并从历史的角度。将其归纳为四代知识管理,最后探讨了适合于现代企业的一种知识管理模式——T管理模式。T管理模式的特点是将传统的垂直管理模式与最新的水平管理模式有机地融合起来,从而实现企业知识共享与企业追求绩效的统一。     

工业工程专业人才培养模式探索

在吉林大学实践了工业工程专业的2种不同培养模式的探索。一种叫市场驱动模式,另一种则称为大学精神导向模式。前者,课程教学主要以团队形式的大作业为主,而后者采用本硕连读的模式。结果表明,前者在满足社会对工业工程师的需求来说是成功的。后者,还需要进一步的探索。     

供应链战略与产业组织演变

从企业供应链战略的选择出发,提出了企业上游产品的策略模型,以模型为依据分析了规模经济、交易成本和垄断利润对企业策略的影响,讨论了在产业发展过程中产业组织的演变,对产业的发展促使产业组织沿着纵向一体化、横向一体化、规模经济下的纵向一体化以及虚拟企业之间的演变作了统一的解释。     

Time Evolution of Orbital Angular Momentum Modes for Deep-Routing Multiplexing ChannelsOA

Optical orbital angular momentum（OAM） mode multiplexing has emerged as a promising technique for boosting communication capacity. However, most existing studies have concentrated on channel（de）-multiplexing, overlooking the critical aspect of channel routing. This challenge involves the reallocation of multiplexed OAM modes across both spatial and temporal domains—a vital step for developing versatile communication networks. To address this gap, we introduce a novel approach based on the time evolution of OAM modes, utilizing the orthogonal conversion and diffractive modulation capabilities of unitary transformations. This approach facilitates high-dimensional orthogonal transformations of OAM mode vectors, altering both the propagation direction and the spatial location. Using Fresnel diffraction matrices as unitary operators, it manipulates the spatial locations of light beams during transmission, breaking the propagation invariance and enabling temporal evolution. As a demonstration, we have experimentally implemented the deep routing of four OAM modes within two distinct time sequences. Achieving an average diffraction efficiency above 78.31%, we have successfully deep-routed 4.69 Tbit·s^-1 quadrature phase-shift keying（QPSK） signals carried by four multiplexed OAM channels,with a bit error rate below 10^–6. These results underscore the efficacy of our routing strategy and its promising prospects for practical applications.     

Patterns of Innovation in Industrial Districts: An Empirical Analysis

Research has proved how the industrial district model can deliver sustained economic growth and sustains firms' competitiveness. Studies have also shown how spatial proximity helps in the process of knowledge generation and diffusion. Indeed, the literature on industrial districts since the earliest studies has stressed how districts are “loci” where sustained innovation activity is undertaken. However, this innovative dimension of districts' activities has not yet been fully explored. Sufficient theoretical background and empirical evidence as to whether the peculiar socio-economic characteristics of the industrial district model influence firms' innovation performance and the way innovation activity is carried out is lacking. The aim of this paper is thus to explore the determinants of innovation activities in firms located inside and outside industrial districts in the Italian region of Lombardy, investigating whether the district provides a favourable environment for the development of innovations and identify possible competitive advantages.     

进气方式影响CO2水合物喷雾合成的实验研究

为探讨进气方式对二氧化碳水合物生成特性的影响,利用自行设计的喷雾强化水合物制备实验系统,分析和比较连续式进气和振荡进气两种进气方式下喷雾合成水合物的耗气量和反应釜内温度的变化,研究其生成特性。实验结果表明:采用振荡进气方式,相对连续进气方式,单位时间内耗气量更多,生成的水合物速率更快。该方式下可以产生较大的驱动力,这种气体间变化性的扰动,使得水合物快速生长。在前期溶解阶段,适当调节进气阀门,加大进气速率,利于水合物生长。     

Ontology在工业工程中知识管理的应用探索

在描述本体定义、构建方法等相关知识的基础上,以工业工程为对象,提出利用本体论的思想方法对工业工程知识体系进行分析并初步构建其相关本体,进而为以后能实现一定程度的语义匹配、知识的共享、集成与重用打好基础,从而提高本领域知识的学习和检索效率,同时也可为制造知识服务业的知识生产打好基础。     

频率经济、市场进入与退出

在位航空公司利用航空频率经济性构建轮辐型网络结构和歧视定价,导致经典的可竞争市场理论在放松管制后的航空市场中失灵.模型表明,当频率经济性强度系数较小时(0＜f＜0.305),在位者和新进入航空公司在三个市场都能共存;当频率经济性强度系数适中时(0.305≤f＜0.507),新进入航空公司将被迫退出其中一个市场;当频率经济性强度系数较大时(0.507≤f＜1),新进入航空公司将被迫退出所有市场.     

Epistemic Communities and Cluster Dynamics: On the Role of Knowledge in Industrial Districts

This paper questions the prevailing notions that firms within industrial clusters have privileged access to “tacit knowledge” that is unavailable—or available only at high cost—to firms located elsewhere, and that such access provides competitive advantages that cause the growth and development of both firms and regions. It outlines a model of cluster dynamics emphasizing two mutually interdependent processes: the concentration of specialized and complementary epistemic communities, on the one hand, and entrepreneurship and a high rate of new firm formation on the other.     

机械故障智能诊断的诊断知识获取新发展问题

对实现机械故障智能决策的诊断知识获取方式进行了系统性分析。分析得出,通过机器学习获得诊断机器智能的信息处理技术,为解决诊断知识获取难题指明了发展的新方向。但数据库的知识发现问题研究所提出的基本要求也表明,要基于这种新知识处理方式获得诊断机器智能,则需解决好由此而引发出的对诊断知识资源实施妥善保护等新问题。     

Synergistic Effects of Temperature,Oxidation and Multicracking Modes on Damage Evolution and Life Prediction of 2D Woven Ceramic-Matrix Composites under Tension-Tension Fatigue Loading

In this paper, the synergistic effects of temperature, oxidation and multicracking modes on damage evolution and life prediction in 2D woven ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) have been investigated. The damage parameter of fatigue hysteresis dissipated energy and the interface shear stress were used to monitor the damage evolution inside of CMCs. Under cyclic fatigue loading, the fibers broken fraction was determined by combining the interface/fiber oxidation model, interface wear model and fibers statistical failure model at elevated temperature, based on the assumption that the fiber strength is subjected to two-parameter Weibull distribution and the load carried by broken and intact fibers satisfy the Global Load Sharing (GLS) criterion. When the broken fibers fraction approaches to the critical value, the composite fatigue fractures. The evolution of fatigue hysteresis dissipated energy, the interface shear stress and broken fibers fraction versus cycle number, and the fatigue life S–N curves of SiC/SiC at 1000, 1200 and 1300 °C in air and steam condition have been predicted. The synergistic effects of temperature, oxidation, fatigue peak stress, and multicracking modes on the evolution of interface shear stress and fatigue hysteresis dissipated energy versus cycle numbers curves have been analyzed.     

Competition and 'Local' Communications: Innovation, Entry and Integration

This paper suggests that the imminent introduction of new localaccess competition using existing and new technologies shouldend any possibility of a natural monopoly in local exchange.The paper questions whether the fundamental economics of thelocal exchange really require regulation of local telephoneservice rather than the narrow regulation of interconnection.It also points out that technological development is sharpeningcompetitive forces in practically all aspects of telecommunications.Moreover, the willingness of some local exchange providers tounbundle has laid the foundation for a further rollback of regulationin areas of the USA. Finally, the paper contends that regulatorylags require that regulation take a forward-looking perspectiveand attempt to deal with the industry as it will be, not asit was.     

Industrial Radiology,Past, Present and Future

A new model for sulphur sensitization has been developed. It is based on the surface double layer which has previously been shown to occur in silver halides. The charge present in this double layer causes the energy bands to bend downward or upward according to whether silver sulphide is present on the crystal surface or not. Where silver sulphide is not in contact with the surface the bands bend upward, thus impeding the motion of photo-electrons towards the surface. Conversely in points where silver sulphide is adsorbed onto the Srystal surface, the bands bend downwards, thus yielding an attracting force driving the photoelectron towards the silver sulphide speck. The bending of the bands may have the additional effect of increasing the lifetime of electrons in traps which are near to a silver sulphide Speck, thus holding the trapped electron for a long enough time as to allow the “ionic step” to take place. Our experimental results as well as others reported in the literature are explained with this model.     

Comparing a Pharmaceutical and an Agro-food Bioregion: On the Importance of Knowledge Bases for Socio-spatial Patterns of Innovation

The aim of this paper is to compare the socio-spatial patterns of innovation and knowledge linkages of a biopharmaceutical and an agro-food biotech cluster. Dissimilarities can be expected based on differences in terms of historical technological regimes and sectoral innovation system dynamics between the agro-food and pharmaceutical industries in general and particularly the distinctive analytical (science-based) knowledge base of biopharmaceuticals in contrast with the more synthetic (engineering-based) knowledge base of agro-food biotechnology. Drawing on bibliometric data and case material the study compares two representative bioregions: a biopharmaceutical cluster in Scania, Sweden and an agro-food biotech cluster in Saskatoon, Canada. The empirical study supports the theoretical expectations and shows that knowledge dynamics in the agro-food cluster are more localized than in the biopharmaceuticals cluster. It is important, however, to acknowledge that these differences are relative. Both sectors display local and non-local patterns of collaboration following the general pattern for biotechnology.