基于平均值法的LED背光源动态调光二次修正算法

为降低LED背光源的功耗,提高LCD的图像显示质量,提出了一种LED背光源动态调光二次修正算法。采用平均值法得到分区的初始背光灰度值;为了解决灰度截断问题,根据分区灰度最大值与平均值的差值进行第一次修正;为了抑制调光带来的光晕效应,采用空间滤波法进行第二次修正。采用侧入式LED背光源的116.8cm(46in)LCD实验结果表明,采用该算法后,LED背光源平均功耗降低至73.02%,灰度截断率为0.49%,平均PSNR值为67.21dB;典型图像对比度最大达到28 600∶1,显示图像的光晕效应有了明显的改善。二次修正算法能够有效降低背光功耗,增强图像显示质量。     

一种高节能、低溢出率的动态调光算法

为了解决现有调光算法存在节能率低和溢出失真率高的问题,本文提出了一种高节能、低溢出率的动态调光算法。在综合考虑液晶显示器中背光亮度和像素亮度对最终显示效果存在非等效影响的实际情况下,将输入图像灰阶亮度作一定的预处理后再进行图像背光亮度计算,并且采用带有权重的线性调节方式来进行液晶像素的补偿计算。与常见调光算法的平均节能11.9%和平均溢出率12.34%相比,本文算法的平均节能可达22.15%,而溢出失真率降低至9.95%。在工程样机上对50幅图像进行了实际测试,与采用常见调光算法的显示器相比,采用本文调光算法的显示器在获得更高节能率的同时,保持了较好的显示质量,没有明显的亮度下降。     

基于S曲线的两级动态调光算法研究

S曲线全局调光算法能够降低LED液晶显示器的功耗并提高显示图像静态对比度,为了进一步提高节能率,提出了基于S曲线的两级动态调光算法。首先对输入图像的所有像素分量进行线性放大,将输入图像的像素灰度级整体提升;然后利用S曲线对线性放大后的图像进行像素补偿,同时输出调整后的背光亮度信号。对40幅典型图像进行了仿真,结果表明:平均背光节能30%,静态对比度提高33%。开发了工程样机,对6类常见的电视节目进行测试,整机平均节能25.1%,静态对比度提高了30%。与S曲线全局调光算法相比,所提算法在显示性能保持不变的同时,能进一步将节能率提高10%。     

LED背光动态调光算法评估方法研究

液晶显示具有对比度和能效不高的问题。动态调光可以有效提高液晶显示对比度,降低能耗。对调光算法进行显示效果和节能率的综合评估才能有效降低该技术的开发风险,进行有针对性的改进和优化。目前尚没有统一的评估方法。本文介绍了现有的主流调光算法,结合峰值信噪比、结构相似性、互相关3个参数,提出评价显示效果的显示效果指数。综合节能率,提出平衡显示效果和节能率的调光效果指数。选取了6类不同亮度和对比度的图像对多种调光算法计算了调光效果指数,分析了各类算法的适用性。     

基于直方图分析的航空摄像机自动调光方法研究

航空摄像机在空中对地面进行拍摄,拍摄场景复杂,传统的灰度平均值法在一些如有干扰点或背景与目标灰度差别大的场景下曝光会不正确,丢失图像信息,为了解决这些问题,该文在根据图像灰度信息的调光算法以及硬件实现方面进行了相关研究。首先根据当前帧图像的灰度直方图中灰度级为0和255附近的信息进行初调;然后根据图像直方图及其卷积和,搜索其中的峰值区域并确定图像的不感兴趣区域(包含的灰度级单一,信息量少的区域);接着根据这些区域占整幅图像的比重,由权值分配曲线为其分配不同的权值;最后计算加权后的灰度平均值,并将其作为反馈量控制下一帧的调光。实验结果表明,在普通场景下能够准确曝光,在暗背景和亮背景场景下,相比传统方法使图像感兴趣区域信息熵提高10%以上。此方法能适用于多种场景,满足航空摄像机对复杂场景自动调光的需求。     

电视图像的视觉传达设计研究

针对高清电视数字图像边缘对比度低、清晰显示难度大的问题,提出考虑视觉传达效果的二维灰度电视图像直方图边缘显示方法.首先对包含大量扰动信息和各类噪声的电视图像进行预处理,识别信号模式并进行特征提取;根据电视图像特征及灰度梯度在图像边缘的响应,获取直方图的统计特征并进行分块处理,形成二维灰度图像的直方图;搜寻出二维灰度图像直方图与电视数字图像边缘的内在关联性,实现对电视图像边缘的精确显示.实验结果证明,提出的电视图像边缘显示方法能够获得更好的视觉传达效果.     

基于图像局部亮度的液晶显示器动态调光算法

为了合理降低液晶显示器的背光功耗,抑制像素补偿导致的截断噪声,减少显示图像的颜色和亮度失真,对基于图像特征的液晶显示器动态调光算法进行研究。首先,根据液晶显示器特性介绍了区域调光算法处理过程,分析了截断噪声产生的原因。提出了基于图像局部亮度的液晶显示器动态调光算法,即基于最大值法得到初始背光值,根据图像局部区域亮度与初始背光分布图对应区域亮度的相似程度修正初始背光值,通过模糊-掩模方法模拟背光的混光扩散过程,结合像素补偿得到调光图像。实验结果表明,使用基于图像局部亮度的液晶显示器动态调光算法处理后,背光功耗平均降低约31.54%;截断噪声平均低至像素总和的1.17%;L~*a~*b颜色空间峰值信噪比(LabPSNR)平均达到37.11dB。应用该算法能够合理降低显示器的背光功耗,使图像的截断噪声得到显著抑制,颜色和亮度失真明显改善,对于各类图像都具有良好的适用性。     

基于灰度冗余的红外图像实时均衡技术

文章提出一种新型的基于灰度冗余的红外图像实时均衡算法,通过图像灰度直方图的统计,将灰度像素分布为零的灰度级进行完全压缩,将灰度分布很少的灰度级映射到最近的大于阈值的灰度级,然后将有效图像灰度级进行等间距排列,最后完成排列后的直方图映射.该算法在压缩灰度冗余的同时,进行直方图的实时无损均衡,提高了图像质量,并实现实时处理,避免了常规直方图均衡带来的灰度断层现象.该算法在红外热像仪的应用中取得了较好效果.     

一维对象复杂度的灰度图像分割算法

从图像复杂度的角度,提出一种一维对象复杂度的灰度图像分割算法。用阈值将灰度图像分为背景与目标2类,统计其对应直方图与总像素个数,并计算对象复杂度;依据图像复杂度分割准则算法公式,遍历每一灰度级对应的图像复杂度值,选取图像复杂度值最小对应的灰度值为最佳分割阈值。仿真实验结果表明,与经典Otsu算法、信息最大熵算法和最小交叉熵算法相比,本文算法速度快,稳定性和效率最好,是一种通用有效的图像分割算法。     

基于灰度相关和区域特征的图像拼接算法

本文提出一种结合灰度特点和区域特征的图像拼接算法。首先采用灰度直方图均衡化的方法降低光照条件不同造成的灰度差异;其次为减少匹配块的计算量,在选取的特征块上计算灰度平均值和每个像素与平均值的绝对差值,然后通过控制阈值来减小搜索范围;最后引入平滑因子消除拼接痕迹,最终实现无缝拼接。实验证明,本文算法合理,可行性强,能够达到良好的拼接效果。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.