Water Demand Management in Singapore: Involving the Public

Water demand management requires the implementation of instruments and strategies that consider pricing, mandatory water conservation requirements and the engagement of the public and private sectors as well as of the society at large. In the case of Singapore, water is treated as an economic good. It is priced to recover the full costs of production and to reflect the scarcity of the resource and the high cost of developing additional water sources. Within a framework for water conservation, public education, information and awareness instruments have played a very important part in making the public appreciate the importance of conserving the resource. This paper analyses the water demand strategies that have been developed in the city-state, with emphasis on education efforts and on the results obtained in terms of water conservation. Lessons learnt from this study can provide very useful experiences for cities in developed and developing countries on the type of policies that could be successful in reducing consumption as well as in providing alternative supplies of water for both the domestic and the industrial sectors They also provide useful insights on the different ways to make the public realise the importance of using water sustainably for its long-term conservation even when immediate access to clean water may not be an issue.     

Conventional and holistic urban stormwater management in coastal cities: a case study of the practice in Hong Kong and Singapore

This study compares stormwater management in two coastal cities: Hong Kong and Singapore. Hong Kong adopted conventional urban stormwater management for flood control and embraced hard-engineering infrastructure in the scheme. In contrast, Singapore has put in place a series of holistic management practices to manage urban runoff. By comparing the stormwater management practices in these two cities, the differences in approaches to non-structural and structural practices were elucidated. Life cycle costing and environmental benefit analysis indicate that holistic urban stormwater management can lead to higher economic efficiency, sustainability and environmental friendliness, compared to conventional urban stormwater management.     

浅析能源环境对我国水电开发战略的影响和要求

从近20多年来我国社会经济高速发展、能源需求长期高速增长、能源资源又相对很贫乏的现实情况出发,深入分析了我国将面临能源短缺的严峻形势;同时,还定量分析了能源需求所带来的各种生态环境和社会问题。在此基础上,根据我国水能资源的特点和水电开发的利弊,从分析经济发展、人民生活水平提高、能源需求增长、生态环境保护的相互影响、制约和协调关系出发,结合我国能源总战略,探讨了我国水电开发战略,提出了一些建议。     

绿色小水电评价的作用、内容及标准分析

绿色小水电评价是从环境、社会、经济和安全四个方面,对处于运行阶段的小水电站进行评价,根据评价结果给予处于行业先进水平的小水电站以经济、政策或技术方面的激励.在分析国际水电环境认证制度、水电可持续性评估规范和我国相关技术标准的基础上,针对我国小水电行业存在的问题,提出通过实施技术评价和激励机制为核心的绿色小水电评价,从而发挥行业引导作用,促进实现小水电保护生态和改善民生的基本目标.本文分析了绿色小水电评价的含义和作用,从环境保护、社会发展、经济效益和安全运行四个方面分析了评价的主要内容,并且探讨了评价基线和标准阈值两个评价标准的关键问题     

The impact of weather extremes on urban resilience to hydro-climate hazards: a Singapore case study

Abstract

Changing frequencies and intensities of extreme weather events directly affect settlement vulnerability; when combined with rapid urbanization, these factors also influence urban resilience to climate-related hazards. This article documents how urban resilience can generally be maximized, before examining how it is impacted by extreme hydro-climatic events (i.e. droughts and floods), with a specific case examination for Singapore. In particular, analysis of Singapore’s climate from 1950 to 2015 indicates (1) a warmer environment, and (2) recent periods of more intense surface dryness. Lastly, this article suggests how specific climate information regarding extreme event attribution can aid municipal stakeholders involved in urban resilience policy.     

Water, Food, and Energy Security: An Elusive Search for Balance in Central Asia

The development and use of water resources in the Amu Darya Basin remain under debate in the face of increasing population and associated scarcities in water, food, and energy. The upstream riparian, the mountain nation of Tajikistan, wishes to develop its hydropower potential. Three downstream states wish to sustain or increase their economic benefits from water used for irrigation. Growing tensions among the riparian countries on the Vakhsh River, a tributary of Amu Darya, have halted development of Tajikistan’s proposed Rogun Dam. This paper examines the potential for mutually beneficial water development and allocation of water resources to sustain demands for water, food, and energy. Using long-term data on the Basin’s energy potential, water supplies, irrigated land, and crop water demands, this paper analyzes total economic welfare for a future 20-year time horizon. Two water supply scenarios for each of two policy choices are examined. Results show that a constrained economic optimization operation of the Dam has the potential to increase farm income for each riparian country, while producing considerable benefits in hydropower for Tajikistan. Political negotiation among the riparian states and much better data will be needed to discover and implement potential gains indicated by this study.     

华东地区水资源一体化水网探讨

华东地区水资源短缺、水旱灾害严重、水污染呈上升趋势．为合理开发、利用和保护水资源，促进华东地区的社会、经济的迅速发展，应发展华东地区水资源一体化的建设．华东地区水资源一体化水网的设想是以黄河、淮河、长江、钱塘江、闽江等为纬线，以京杭大运河、赣江以及各地的小运河等为经线，另外再以太湖、洪泽湖、鄱阳湖、巢湖等大小湖泊和水库作为调节结点，然后通过工程措施进行沟通，可以连接成为华东地区水资源一体化水网．     

小浪底与西霞院水电站水轮机调速器的异同及特点分析

水轮机调速器是水电站重要的自动化设备,其质量的好坏直接影响到电能品质和水电站安全及经济运行.文章主要从小浪底和西霞院及西沟水电站调速器的选用来分析其各自调速器的异同及特点.     

我国水利投资状况与国民经济关系分析

从水利投入政策和水利投资流向2个方面分析了1949年以来水利的投资状况;采用弹性系数、影响力系数、感应度系数等定量指标对水利投资与国民经济发展之间的关系进行分析,认为水利投入应优先于其他行业投入,其增长只有高于国民经济产出的增长才能优化资源配置,协调国民经济的发展。     

西藏自治区水电与经济发展研究

西藏自治区丰富的水电资源将是该地区经济社会发展的有力支持。在分析西藏自治区水电与经济发展之间关系的基础上,提出加快水电开发是促进西藏自治区产业结构合理调整的重要举措,同时提出西藏自治区产业结构调整的初步思路。     

广西电力工业与水电发展方向

本文分析广西电力工业现状与导致电力工业制约经济发展的问题，并提出广西电力工业的发展，既要符合国民经济发展的需要，又要从本地区的资源、经济等情况出发，对广西水电资源的开发分两步进行的设想和７项水电科技发展目标。     

淮河流域水旱灾害成因与减灾策略探讨

淮河流域是我国水旱灾害的多发地区,在全面总结淮河水旱灾害的基础上,从易发灾害的地理因素、加剧灾害的历史缘由、催生灾害的经济动因以及触发灾害的人为因素等方面,深入分析了水旱灾害形成的原因,并从多方面提出了综合防灾减灾的策略,为淮河进一步治理和促进流域经济社会可持续发展提供参考。     

西部地区水能资源开发探讨

从西部地区的实际情况出发,分析了西部地区水电开发的优势、经济效益、环境效益与社会效益,以及开发中的问题。从坚持“流域、梯级、滚动、综合”开发原则,明确各利益主体的权、责、利,制定合理的电价政策等方面提出了进一步开发的策略。     

长治市发展节水灌溉的措施及效益分析

长治市根据自身的实际情况，因地制宜采取各种形式节水技术，大力发展节水灌溉面积，取得了显著经济效益和社会效益。文中对该市发展节水灌溉所采取的措施进行了总结，并对经济效益进行了分析，同时提出了今后节水灌溉的发展方向。     

河长制长效治污路径研究——以江苏省为例

水环境污染是经济社会发展过程中难以避免的现象,我国环境污染同经济发展间的矛盾日渐凸显,传统的科层化管理难以完全适用于新形势下的治水实践。河长制作为河湖治理新模式,近几年已在全国多地显现成效。为深入推动河长制的可持续发展,促进水环境整体改善,结合江苏省相关环境、经济数据,分析江苏省河长制的创新实践,阐明其与地区经济发展的关系,揭示其在治理主体、社会监督及考核激励等方面的待解难点,提出了主体职责再明确、社会力量再覆盖、考核激励再完善等具体建议,以期为河长制的全面有效实施提供参考。     

水电站运行调度与经济效益分析

从正果电站运行特点出发,分析影响电站经济效益的各主要因素,提出各运行情况下应注意的问题,对各种情况下电站调峰与不调峰进行经济比较,为提高水库运行综合效益提供理论依据.     

陕西省风能资源与风力发电

介绍陕西省风能资源的分布与风力发电的发展和现状;展望陕西省风力发电前景;分析陕西省风力发电发展对策。     

沿黄九省(区)农业用水效率与农业经济发展耦合协调关系研究

实现农业用水效率与农业经济的协调发展是黄河流域高质量发展的重要内容.分别运用非期望产出超效率SBM模型和综合评价模型测度沿黄九省(区)农业用水效率和农业经济发展水平,并运用耦合协调度模型和变异系数法分析二者的耦合协调关系及空间差异.结果 表明:2011-2019年沿黄九省(区)农业用水效率和农业经济发展水平均得到整体提...     

Water resources management on the small Island of Mauritius

Small island states have particular hydrological and water resources management problems which distinguish them from large islands and continental areas. Understanding and implementing strategies for sustainable development as seen from a water perspective become critical issues for islanders. The island of Mauritius, situated in the Indian Ocean about 800 km east of Madagascar, has one of the highest population densities in the world and this factor, together with the country's rapid economic development during the last decade, has led to an ever increasing demand for water. As such, water rationing is a recurrent problem during dry periods which causes many economic and sanitary risks. It is now clear among policy makers in Mauritius that water will increasingly become a constraint on economic and social development. This paper summarizes the basic hydrological features of the island and highlights the various management strategies needed when looking at long‐term development options.     

保定市小水电发展中存在的问题与对策

保定市小水电经过几十年的开发建设,取得了显著成效,在当地农村经济社会发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用。同时,小水电在发展过程中也面临着诸多亟待解决的问题。本文对保定小水电在建设、运行和管理方面存在的问题进行了剖析,提出了规范小水电开发建设秩序、促进小水电可持续发展的对策和建议。