Enhanced secure device authentication algorithm in P2P-based smart farm system

The application of ICT technology to agriculture has raised interest in smart farm systems that can remotely manage growing environments. Data transmission in smart farm systems uses wireless networks such as ZigBee and Wireless LAN and TCP/IP based wired networks. And also use the P2P network to share smart farm system data with other smart farm systems. There are security vulnerabilities that may arise in information communication environment in smart farm system unlike traditional farms, the smart farm system automatically stores and manages data for growth environments such as temperature, humidity, and CO₂. Therefore, an attacker can use a security vulnerability to manage temperature, humidity, and Co₂, which can cause significant damage. In this paper, we propose an authentication method that performs minimum encryption and decryption operations by combining session key and public key to securely control smart farm system. The proposed authentication method reduces the encryption/decryption time, the registration time, and facilitates the use of the smart card with low computing performance by using the session key compared with the existing authentication method.     

Editing 3D models on smart devices

This study proposes a 3D CAD system available on smart devices, which are now a part of everyday life and which are widely applied in various domains, such as education and robot industry. If an engineer has a new idea while traveling or on the move, or in the case of collaboration between more than two engineers, this 3D CAD system allows modeling to be performed in a rapid and simple manner on a smart device. This 3D CAD system uses the common multi-touch gestures associated with smart devices to keep the modeling operations simple and easy for users. However, it is difficult to input the precise geometric information to generate 3D CAD models by such gestures. It is also impractical to provide a full set of modeling operations on a smart device due to hardware limitations. For this reason, the system excludes several complicated modeling operations. This work provides a scheme to regenerate a parametric 3D model on a PC-based CAD system via a macro-parametrics approach by transferring the 3D model created on a smart device in an editable form to a PC-based CAD system. If fine editing is needed, the user can perform additional work on a PC after reconstruction. Through the developed system, it is possible to produce a 3D editable model swiftly and simply in the smart device environment, allowing for reduced design time while also facilitating collaboration. This paper discusses the first-ever system design of a 3D CAD system on a smart device, the selection of the modeling operations, the assignment of gestures to these operations, and use of operation modes. This is followed by an introduction of the implementation methods, and finally a demonstration of case studies using a prototype system with examples.     

Mobile-cloud assisted framework for selective encryption of medical images with steganography for resource-constrained devices

In this paper, the problem of outsourcing the selective encryption of a medical image to cloud by resource-constrained devices such as smart phone is addressed, without revealing the cover image to cloud using steganography. In the proposed framework, the region of interest of the medical image is first detected using a visual saliency model. The detected important data is then embedded in a host image, producing a stego image which is outsourced to cloud for encryption. The cloud which has powerful resources, encrypts the image and sent back the encrypted marked image to the client. The client can then extract the selectively encrypted region of interest and can combine it with the region of non-interest to form a selectively encrypted image, which can be sent to medical specialists and healthcare centers. Experimental results and analysis validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in terms of security, image quality, and computational complexity and verify its applicability in remote patient monitoring centers.     

Estimating the camera direction of a geotagged image using reference images

Millions of smart phones and GPS-equipped digital cameras sold each year, as well as photo-sharing websites such as Picasa and Panoramio have enabled personal photos to be associated with geographic information. It has been shown by recent research results that the additional global positioning system (GPS) information helps visual recognition for geotagged photos by providing valuable location context. However, the current GPS data only identifies the camera location, leaving the camera viewing direction uncertain within the possible scope of 360°. To produce more precise photo location information, i.e. the viewing direction for geotagged photos, we utilize both Google Street View and Google Earth satellite images. Our proposed system is two-pronged: (1) visual matching between a user photo and any available street views in the vicinity can determine the viewing direction, and (2) near-orthogonal view matching between a user photo taken on the ground and the overhead satellite view at the user geo-location can compute the viewing direction when only the satellite view is available. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed framework.     

Implementation of young children English education system by AR type based on P2P network service model

Recently, as the Internet service technology has been activated and popularized, digital contents industry is increasingly attracting attention as a promising industry. Digital content is a material or information that appears with the development of information and communication technology. It is represented by a sign character, voice, sound, image and video. This digital content industry has been applied to various disciplines. P2P service model is being used as a new business model in the field of digital contents industry. P2P service model is the most important factor in constructing a collaboration system between users. In other words, as more users collaborate, such as sharing content, contributing computing resources, etc., the network becomes rich in data. In addition, smooth traffic processing can be ensured through contribution of computing power. Conversely, as collaboration between users decreases, the resources of the P2P system become exhausted, which can lead to system collapse. Therefore, this paper developed a system for creative English education for young children. To this end, we designed and developed an English education system that can generate interest by applying augmented reality(AR) and implemented which is based on the P2P network service model. Finally, we provide virtual multimedia education contents using augmented reality and build a system environment applying P2P network service model method. Based on this, we implemented the functions such as learning process, progress check, result feedback between instructor and learner in real time.     

Human interaction with IoT-based smart environments

This paper describes concepts, design, implementation, and performance evaluation of a 3D-based user interface for accessing IoT-based Smart Environments (IoT-SE). The generic interaction model of the described work addresses some major challenges of Human-IoT-SE-Interaction such as cognitive overload associated with manual device selection in complex IoT-SE, loss of user control, missing system image or over-automation. To address these challenges we propose a 3D-based mobile interface for mixed-initiative interaction in IoT-SE. The 3D visualization and 3D UI, acting as the central feature of the system, create a logical link between physical devices and their virtual representation on the end user’s mobile devices. By so doing, the user can easily identify a device within the environment based on its position, orientation, and form, and access the identified devices through the 3D interface for direct manipulation within the scene. This overcomes the problem of manual device selection. In addition, the 3D visualization provides a system image for the IoT-SE, which supports users in understanding the ambience and things going on in it. Furthermore, the mobile interface allows users to control the amount and the way the IoT-SE automates the environment. For example, users can stop or postpone system triggered automatic actions, if they don’t like or want them. Users also can remove a rule forever. By so doing, users can delete smart behaviors of their IoT-SE. This helps to overcome the automation challenges. In this paper, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of the proposed interaction system. We chose smart meeting rooms as the context for prototyping and evaluating our interaction concepts. However, the presented concepts and methods are generic and could be adapted to similar environments such as smart homes. We conducted a subjective usability evaluation (ISO-Norm 9241/110) with 16 users. All in one the study results indicate that the proposed 3D-User Interface achieved a good high score according to the ISO-Norm scores.     

Design of a user-support system for vision information using a smart phone

In this paper, we design a user-support system for vision information using smart phones. When the user takes a picture of a target using the smart phone camera, our system can recognize the image of the target and recommend a suitable service to the user. The system executes simple image analysis and determines a suitable service for the target image. The simple image analysis can extract 13 parameters (e.g., color information (RGB), number of intersections, depth of intersection, line width, and line depth). We use machine learning to classify the parameters into each service. In our research, we use a Support Vector Machine as a learning machine tool. Our system design provides user support for several services such as translation, barcode readers, and diagnosis of skin images and demonstrates the effectiveness of our research.     

SeeNSearch: A context directed search facilitator for home entertainment devices

The Internet has become an extremely popular source of entertainment and information. But, despite its growing popularity, most websites today are accessed by keyword search via web browsers, making it difficult for home consumers to locate Internet content of interest on their TVs or other devices that lack keyboards. In this paper, we present assistive technologies, enabling users to easily locate Internet content related to the TV program they are watching. Access is enabled via an intuitive user interface on the TV screen or by using a secondary personal device, and thus avoiding disrupting the viewing experience of the other TV users.     

Application of a JXTA-overlay P2P system for end-device control and e-learning

This work is motivated by the need to develop decentralized P2P approaches for controlling end-devices in a wide-area network without changing the network security policy. Much of current research work on P2P systems is devoted to P2P networks of standard peers such as PCs. Due to improvements of connections capabilities of mobile devices and end-devices, there is an increasing interest to design, implement and deploy full featured P2P networks that integrate standard peers, mobile devices and end-devices. In this paper, we use the JXTA-Overlay for the control of end-devices and e-learning in a P2P network. We considered as end-devices the smart box (which is used for stimulating the learners in our implemented P2P e-learning system), robot, and room lightening. We also considered the control of a mobile car in order to prove the applicability of our approach in wireless environment. The proposed approach, due to the capabilities of JXTA protocols to overcome firewalls and NATs, is able to control devices without changing network security policies. We evaluate the proposed system by many experiments and have shown that the proposed system has a good performance and can be used successfully for the control of end-devices and in e-learning.     

P2P技术在网络外设协同工作中的应用

外设是计算机的重要组成部分，为了使局域网上用户能充分地利用这些资源，文中通过对服务器共享模式与P2P模式的对比，详细阐述了P2P技术在网络外设协同工作中的原理。给出了一个医院管理信息系统应用的实例。P2P技术极大地提高了该系统中外围设备的利用率，节约了资源，取得了很好的效果。     

基于P2P架构的组播树研究

网络中的对等点首先聚类成簇,然后再形成组播树.该组播树是对NICE中组播树的改进,易于利用JXTA技术实现,是一种有效的应用于P2P网络结构的组播树,克服了传统组播树中存在扩展性不好和维护代价高的问题,并可在大范围P2P环境中得到应用推广.     

Enabling resilient P2P video streaming: survey and analysis

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) techniques for multimedia streaming have been shown to be a good enhancement to the traditional client/server methods when trying to reduce costs and increase robustness. Due to the fact that P2P systems are highly dynamic, the main challenge that has to be addressed remains supporting the general resilience of the system. Various challenges arise when building a resilient P2P streaming system, such as network failures and system dynamics. In this paper, we first classify the different challenges that face P2P streaming and then present and analyze the possible countermeasures. We classify resilience mechanisms as either core mechanisms, which are part of the system, or as cross-layer mechanisms that use information from different communication layers, which might inflict additional costs. We analyze and present resilience mechanisms from an engineering point of view, such that a system engineer can use our analysis as a guide to build a resilient P2P streaming system with different mechanisms and for various application scenarios.     

基于头戴设备和手柄的机械系统远程控制方法

设计了一种基于头戴式设备和操作手柄的机械系统远程控制方法,该方法使用操作手柄的位姿信息远程控制机械系统的运动,并通过计算头戴式设备与操作手柄的之间相对位姿来控制机械系统上的图像采集设备;基于本方法,在增强现实眼镜工程样机及其连接的智能手机上进行了对机械系统及其上图像采集设备的远程控制的系统实现,并在四足机器人和四轮小车两种机械系统上对本方法进行了实验验证;实验结果表明本方法具备较好的可行性和实用性,让使用者更有身临其境的沉浸式现场感;同时,无需部署外置的姿态捕捉设备,对使用场地环境也没有要求,可以在室内外环境下使用。     

一种基于摄影测量的手机视觉定位方法

随着智能手机的快速普及和广泛应用,利用手机进行定位的技术越来越受到人们关注。智能手机一般都具有摄像功能,并且有独立运算的能力,基于此,提出了一种基于摄影测量的手机视觉定位方法。该方法事先在提供视觉定位服务的区域拍摄基准图像,建立基准图像库;当手机用户进入定位服务区时,利用手机摄像头拍摄实时图像,在基准库中通过图像匹配方法搜索两幅与该图像具有相同重叠区域的基准图像,并得到三度重叠特征点。对这两幅基准图像,利用前方交会方法求出重叠区域特征点的空间坐标,再根据这些空间点坐标对实时图像进行后方交会,解算用户的位置和姿态。实验结果表明,该方法能够达到米级的定位精度。     

基于对等模型的分布式协同设计系统

为了解决分布式协同设计系统中的信息快速检索以及多副本同步等问题,引入了对等模型,给出了该系统的功能模型、信息检索模型等。提出了DHT的对等信息检索方法,保证了用户能够在分布式协同设计系统中快速共享资源。采用基于DHT的分布式互斥等算法作为协同数据的一致性维护方法,给出了系统的具体实现方法和实例。     

The effects of different viewing conditions on performance in simulated minimal access surgery

This study aimed to assess performance in simulated minimal access surgery (MAS) tasks under a range of viewing conditions. MAS conventionally uses 2d viewing systems which produce a flat image. However, 3d viewing systems which produce stereoscopic depth information should in principle lead to better depth perception, and improve performance on tasks which require appropriate spatial representation of layout and depth. The study compared a novel 3d viewing system with a state of the art 2d viewing system and a direct viewing condition ('open surgery') as a point of reference. Tasks included pulling and cutting of threads using standard surgical instruments. Medical students (n = 16) were allocated to viewing conditions according to a Latin square and carried out 120 tasks each. Assessment was by means of a 3d movement tracking device providing a number of performance parameters (time on task, velocity, number of movements, distance travelled). In addition instrument movement was video-recorded and analysed by four observers to validate the tracking device. Results from tracking data and observer data were highly correlated (r > 0.85). While open surgery naturally scored highest, the key finding was the clearly superior performance in the 3d condition compared to 2d. Thus modern 3d viewing systems can improve performance in a realistic task.     

A systematic framework for on‐line calibration of a head‐mounted projection display for augmented‐reality systems

Abstract— Augmented reality (AR) is a technology in which computer‐generated virtual images are dynamically superimposed upon a real‐world scene to enhance a user's perceptions of the physical environment. A successful AR system requires that the overlaid digital information be aligned with the user's real‐world senses — a process known as registration. An accurate registration process requires the knowledge of both the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the viewing device and these parameters form the viewing and projection transformations for creating the simulations of virtual images. In our previous work, an easy off‐line calibration method in which an image‐based automatic matching method was used to establish the world‐to‐image correspondences was presented, and it is able to achieve subpixel accuracy. However, this off‐line method yields accurate registration only when a user's eye placements relative to the display device coincides with locations established during the offline calibration process. A likely deviation of eye placements, for instance, due to helmet slippage or user‐dependent factors such as interpupillary distance, will lead to misregistration. In this paper, a systematic on‐line calibration framework to refine the off‐line calibration results and to account for user‐dependent factors is presented. Specifically, based on an equivalent viewing projection model, a six‐parameter on‐line calibration method to refine the user‐dependent parameters in the viewing transformations is presented. Calibration procedures and results as well as evaluation experiments are described in detail. The evaluation experiments demonstrate the improvement of the registration accuracy.     

A security monitoring method for malicious P2P event detection

Recently malicious code is spreading rapidly due to the use of P2P(peer to peer) file sharing. The malicious code distributed mostly transformed the infected PC as a botnet for various attacks by attackers. This can take important information from the computer and cause a large-scale DDos attack. Therefore it is extremely important to detect and block the malicious code in early stage. However a centralized security monitoring system widely used today cannot detect a sharing file on a P2P network. In this paper, to compensate the defect, P2P file sharing events are obtained and the behavior is analyzed. Based on the analysis a malicious file detecting system is proposed and synchronized with a security monitoring system on a virtual machine. In application result, it has been detected such as botnet malware using P2P. It is improved by 12 % performance than existing security monitoring system. The proposed system can detect suspicious P2P sharing files that were not possible by an existing system. The characteristics can be applied for security monitoring to block and respond to the distribution of malicious code through P2P.     

Display illumination with modulated directional backlight

Illumination is essential for modern life as colorful world is perceived by human visionary system. Display technology has been developing rapidly in recent decades, and the basic principle is related to the way that the image is illuminated and light is emanated. Traditional illumination is provided by different types of light sources, and the display image is visible in large viewing space until the emanating light decays to zero. This work proposes and demonstrates a novel illumination scheme for a display in which the displaying images are visible only in specific spatial regions. The directional backlight ensures the image propagating to specific direction while imaging visibility can be controlled to terminate abruptly at certain distance from the display screen while exerting no influence to nearby regions. The working principle for such an illumination scheme is the use of the modulated coherent directional backlight through an axicon lens. It is shown that the illumination scheme can robustly deliver carried image information to the designated viewing region. This new illumination scheme has many advantages over conventional illumination, including its usage for personal display, very lower energy consumption, as well as minimizing light hazard pollution.