新型混合励磁双凸极永磁电机磁场调节特性分析及实验研究

提出一种新型带导磁桥的混合励磁双凸极电机,介绍电机的结构特点和磁场调节原理。采用简化等效磁路模型对气隙磁通调节范围、电励磁绕组的励磁磁势和并联导磁桥磁阻三者之间的关系进行分析,用有限元法获得样机磁场分布和磁场调节特性,设计制造了实验样机。样机实验结果不仅验证了理论分析的正确性,并表明：通过改变电励磁绕组电流的大小和方向,实现了电机内气隙磁场灵活调节与控制,有效解决了双凸极永磁电机难以实现电机气隙磁场调节的不足,在电动汽车等需宽调速直接驱动的场合具有应用前景。     

低压开关电器触头系统试验装置的设计

开发了一套参数可调控的低压开关电器触头系统的试验装置。装置采用单片机控制步进电机来驱动动触头执行相应动作,实现了参数可调、触头运动状态可控。分析了触头传动连杆机构的传动关系,并进行了结构参数的优化设计。装置的触头运动特性测试结果声明,其满足设计要求。     

考虑谐波影响后交流励磁电动机电磁转矩的分析与计算

虽然已有不少文章研究了交流励磁电机的运行性能 ,但是很少有文章在研究其性能时考虑了谐波电流的影响 ,特别是谐波对电机电磁转矩的影响。本文从该类电机的基本电磁关系出发 ,分析研究了基波电磁转矩及谐波转矩的特点 ,提出了基波谐波的等效电路 ,给出了谐波电路中参数的计算方法。导出了基波电磁转矩、稳定谐波电磁转矩及脉动谐波电磁转矩的计算公式。文章最后以一个实际的绕线型异步电机用交 直 交电压型逆变器供给励磁的交流励磁电动机为例 ,计算了主要谐波的稳定和脉动的电磁转矩以及电机总的电磁转矩。计算结果对进一步研究系统的驱动性能及电机与励磁系统的设计是十分有益的。     

矩阵式变换器驱动异步电机调速系统抑制输入电压扰动的研究

详细分析了输入侧电压扰动(包括瞬时电压跌落、三相不平衡等)对矩阵式变换器驱动异步电机调速系统性能的影响,包括电机电压波动和电机转速跌落.提出了一种抑制输入电压扰动的控制策略,采用空间矢量过调制技术,扩大了系统的运行范围.仿真分析和实验结果表明,提出的抑制输入电压扰动的控制策略在输入电压跌落和不平衡两种情况下,均可有效地补偿矩阵式变换器输出电压,维持电机转速的恒定.从而增强了系统的抗扰动能力,提高了系统的稳定性和适应性.     

变频器驱动系统滤波器设计研究

由于PWM逆变器输出的脉冲电压在电机接线端子及绕组上产生了差模电压和共模电压;特别是当逆变器通过长线电缆与电机连接时,会在电机端产生电压反射现象,从而在电机端形成很大的过电压,危害电气设备的安全运行。通过对PWM逆变器驱动电机系统产生差模和共模电压机理分析的研究,在变频器输出端抑制电机端差模电压的RLC滤波器的基础上,提出一种改进型变频器输出端无源滤波器的方案,并给出了参数的设计方法。该滤波器可对共模及差模电压同时起到抑制作用,仿真结果验证了该滤波器设计方案的有效性,为变频器驱动系统滤波器设计研究提供理论依据。     

火电厂辅机高压变频调速系统的保护配置探讨

从火电厂辅机电动机的保护配置,具体从高压异步电动机的保护配置、电动机保护与高压变频器保护的关系、高压变频调速系统应具有的保护功能(如欠压保护、瞬时停机再启动功能、输入过流保护等)等方面探讨了火电厂辅机高压变频调速系统在保护功能配置方面应该注意的问题,谨供火电厂辅机进行高压变频调速系统的选型和方案确定参考.     

Improvement of basic requirements for the system and devices of traction dc power supply

Abstract—“The Technical Maintenance Regulations of Russian Federation Railways” and “The Arrangement Regulations of the Russian Federation Railways Traction Power Supply System (TsE-462)” set out clear requirements to ensure minimum voltage in the aerial contact wire for freight and high-speed passenger train movement. These requirements are confirmed by the Norms of the European Electrotechnical Standard EN 50163 (1995). However, the voltage norms at traction substations (TsE-462) are in contradiction to the maximum continuous voltage in the aerial contact wire demanded by Railway Research Institute (VNIIZhT) and accepted by EN 50163 Standard. This paper proposes using continuous voltage at traction substations in the normal operating mode in the range of from 3600 (the minimum value) to 3700 V. The maximum voltage (3700 V) was obtained as a result of electrical calculation of the traction power supply system at the track sections with hard mountainous track profile while running trains with an increased weight of 6300–9000 t or two combined trains with a combined weight of 12000 t with powerful electric locomotives of 2ES6, 2ES10, and 3ES10 series. This voltage value was confirmed by long-term operation on a Tyumen–Yekaterinburg–Perm–Balezino track section of 923-km length with voltage stabilization at the level of 3650 V at the traction substations. The voltage levels at the traction substation buses are provided by a contactless automatic control system (CACS) with ±0.6% inaccuracy. The maximum voltage in the traction substation buses is acceptable and equal to maximum aerial contact wire voltage (4000 V) under the recuperation mode.     

锅炉辅机加装非线性变频器对电能质量的影响

分析了大庆油田热电厂锅炉送、引风机电机加装非线性变频器后对电能品质的影响,即通过对比变频器在工频、变频两种运行方式下,不同等级电压母线测得的电压、电流、谐波数据,了解了非线性变频器运行时产生的谐波,对供电电源电能质量影响很小,对电能品质影响是有限的、可控的.换句话说,锅炉辅助机加装非线性变频器是可行的,既节能,又不影响电力系统稳定性.     

动车组牵引与辅助供电的综合直流系统

以"复兴号"为代表的动车组装备的批量运用,标志着我国动车组技术已达到世界先进水平。铁路运营商对列车持续提出更高需求,包括智能化、节能高效和应急走行等;同时以碳化硅器件为代表的第三代半导体器件日渐成熟,渗透率不断提升。在新需求和新器件的双重背景下,对既有变流装置进行单点优化改造虽可行,但牵引系统和辅助供电系统的全局优化空间有限,在充分发挥碳化硅器件优势方面尤其捉襟见肘。从电能利用的本质和列车的原始需求出发,重新审视列车既有的牵引系统和辅助供电系统,提出一种面向未来动车组的综合直流系统。该系统由3级直流母线即高压、中压和低压直流母线构成主干网,牵引变压器和四象限整流器、牵引逆变器、辅助变流器、蓄电池充电机、储能装置以及其他各种类型电气设备都作为电源或负载接入各等级直流母线。动车组牵引与辅助供电的综合直流系统具备诸多优点,包括显著提升系统灵活性、更高效和便利储能设备接入等。充分发挥新一代碳化硅器件的优势,是一种融合牵引系统和辅助供电系统的统一平台。     

An Effective Four-Level Voltage Switching State Algorithm for Direct Torque Controlled Open End Winding Induction Motor Drive by Using Two Two-Level Inverters

This paper introduces an effective four-level voltage switching state algorithm for direct torque controlled open end winding induction motor drive with two-two level inverters in dual mode. In the recent days, direct torque control of open end winding induction motor drive became an interesting area for researchers because it provides high dynamic performance and instantaneous control of stator flux and torque. It is more important especially in applications like propulsion and hybrid electric vehicles they require ripple free torque. The direct torque control provides high flux, torque ripple, and variable switching frequency. This paper introduces an effective voltage switching state algorithm for an open end winding induction motor drive to reduce torque and flux ripple at different frequencies of operation. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces torque and flux ripples without losing features of conventional direct torque control (DTC) algorithm and in addition it provides multi-level operation.     

Designing and modeling a linear electric motor for vibration-technology machines

One industrial application of linear motors is as working-body drives of vibration-technology machines. Such drives allow manufacturing of equipment with very low energy consumption and material costs. This paper presents the results of research on substantiation of the prospects of application of linear electric motors as drive vibration-technology machines. The results of designing a linear dc motor are presented. This paper describes the design of the electric motor and its operation in the hold-down and vibrating modes. The main technical characteristics of the motor are given. Simulation of the electric-motor electromagnetic field based on symmetrical setting of the task for the Poisson equation was performed with a view to specifying and verifying the preliminary calculation data. The results of the calculations and simulations show that it is possible to create low-cost, manufacturable, and reliable electrical motors for a linear vibratory actuator.     

Traction and energetic characteristics of a trolley bus drive and the algorithm of a controlling traction asynchronous motor

The results of bench and operational tests of AT250L4Y2 traction electric motors in a system of the traction drive of a trolley bus are described. An example is given of implementing testing equipment enabling one to simulate the operation of the traction motor and the drive at the conditional settlement stage.     

基于新型四开关逆变器的集成式电动汽车充电器

对基于新型四开关逆变器的集成式电动汽车充电器进行研究。这种充电器通过重复利用逆变器、电机绕组、传感器以及控制和驱动电路,大幅降低了电机驱动和电池充电系统的成本、重量和体积。在分析集成式充电器的运行原理,并提出了其运行于电力拖动模式和电池充电模式时所采用的调制和控制策略,并在此基础上搭建了仿真模型。仿真结果表明,当这种集成式充电器运行于电力拖动模式时能够在电机绕组上产生正弦电流,使电机正常旋转;当其运行于电池充电模式时,能对电池进行充电,输入功率因数接近于1,输入电流谐波含量较低。     

Analysis of the dynamic performance of a variable-frequency induction motor drive using various control structures and algorithms

A comparative analysis of the dynamic characteristics of field-oriented induction motor drive control systems relying on the main magnetic flux linkage vector reference, space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) of the voltage inverter output, and direct torque control (DTC) is carried out using the Matlab/Simulink program package, with the parameters of the induction motor model used being the same. A changeover from stepless vector control systems to systems using microprocessors and modern controllable frequency converters operating on the principle of relay control entails possible changes in the properties of the electric drives being controlled. In this connection, there is a need to compare the dynamic performance characteristics of an electric drive with a slave vector control system (with an idealized frequency converter), referred to as electric drive 1 (ED1), an electric drive with a DTC system (ED2), and an electric drive using direct torque control and SVPWM (ED3). Modeling has shown that the response time of the torque control loop in all the control systems considered is the same, the time delay being no more than 0.01 s. On the whole, speed control transients in all of the above systems take their course in one and the same way. The differences in flux linkage control transients between ED2 and ED3, on the one hand, and ED1, on the other hand, are due to the differences between the methods used to form the electromagnetic torque. No provision is made in the above control systems for the stabilization of the magnitude of the flux linkage vector. At low loads, the flux linkage automatically follows the load. In an ED3 with direct torque control, the calculation of the necessary instant magnitudes of the voltage vector projections and the SVPWM based formation of the voltages applied to the motor allows implementation of a fast-response control system with minimal harmonic distortions and torque pulsations. The control system coefficients are calculated beforehand. The speed controller is adjusted to the technical optimum. In the main flux linkage oriented control system, it is also desirable to use an SVPWM-based formation of the motor voltage.     

一种混合电动汽车用无刷直流电机转子位置检测方法

提出了一种检测混合电动汽车用无刷直流电机转子位置的新方法,该方法通过检测电机的三相平均线电压获得转子位置信号,与传统的反电势过零检测法相比,提出的方法无需构建电机中性点,无需复杂的延迟电路,电路结构简单,成本低廉。理论分析和实验结果表明提出的方法在较宽的工作范围内对混合电动汽车用无刷直流电机具有良好的控制性能。     

ACS800四象限传动系统在下行皮带中的应用

详细介绍了四象限变频调速系统在下行皮带运输机中的应用。分析了三相交流异步电动机双机软驱动的变频传动系统运行特点、负载在主/从传动单元之间均匀分配的DROOP RATE控制方法、远距离电气控制方式、制动方式等。     

A current-free and parameter-free control algorithm

A method of synthesizing a control system comprising a most inner positive voltage feedback loop and an inner negative voltage feedback loop and an outer negative voltage feedback loop is presented. The control system error is forced to zero in steady state and minimized in transient in response to either input command change or external disturbance. No current through the plant under the control is sensed and no parameters of the plant are required to be known implying minimization of measurement noise and adaptive/self-tuning operation, respectively. The method is used to synthesize load-independent and input-voltage-independent switch-mode power converters as well as electric motor drive systems, incorporating any kind of electric motor, of maximized disturbance rejection ratio and minimized dynamics     

五桥臂逆变器驱动双异步电机调速系统的调制方法研究

在电力机车、电动汽车以及一些工业应用中,常需要两台或者两台以上的电机并联运行.因此,系统中需要多个逆变器.为了降低成本,针对两台电机独立控制的需求,本文研究了采用五桥臂逆变器拓扑的控制系统,并提出了一种适用于五桥臂逆变器的改进型七段式PWM调制方式.该调制方式基于传统的空间矢量脉宽调制技术,通过将控制周期进行分区来实现...     

基于PSM技术的70kV/90A高压脉冲电源的研制

在受控核聚变实验中,辅助加热系统采用高功率微波和高能粒子对等离子体进行加热或驱动。这些部件不仅要求为其供电的高压电源稳定度高,而且要求在它们发生打火现象时,保护时间短(<10μs),高压电源对其释放的能量小,否则这些关键部件极易受到损坏。基于脉冲步进调制PSM技术的高压脉冲电源是许多相同的脉冲电源串联并经过特定的调制方式控制,从而实现高压大功率输出。该高压电源有控制方式灵活、输出功率高、功率因数高、稳定度高、响应速度快、保护时间短、故障时系统对负载的释能小等众多优点。尤其保护时该电源系统储能小,时间短,满足各种高功率微波管和加速器的要求。本文分析了基于主回路的三种控制方式,并选取了PSM技术作为最终控制方式。在此基础上,设计并研制了一套基于PSM技术的高压脉冲电源,实验及运行结果表明该高压电源的线路简洁,控制方式灵活,且各项参数均优于现有基于晶闸管器件的高压电源,最高输出参数约为72kV/90A,能够满足辅助加热系统的要求。     

Features of traction electric equipment of prospective electric rolling stock

On the main railways in Russia, two types of current in the contact wire are used: dc voltage of 3 kV and ac voltage of 25 kV with a frequency of 50 Hz. Therefore, prospective electric rolling stock should have double the power. Improving the capacity and structural speed of locomotives is based on the use of asynchronous traction motors (ATDs) with a squirrel-cage rotor allowing increasing the tractive force and the weight of the train and the capacity and speed of cargo delivery, increasing reliability and reducing life cycle costs, and increasing service life. Electrical equipment for such rolling stock should be used when working from either contact system, dc or ac. In this article, the scheme of power circuits is considered using the example of a module of a traction drive in one bogie of dual-system electric locomotives. It is proposed to use the secondary winding of the traction transformer as a choke of the input filter when powered from a dc contact system. Regulation of operation modes of asynchronous traction motors is carried out from static semiconductor converters with a two-tier structure. Input transducers provide the exchange of electric energy between the contact system and the intermediate link of dc voltage, and the output converters regulate the traction motors by changing the magnitude and frequency of voltage on the stator windings of ATD depending on the speed of the locomotive and its operating mode. 4QS input converters and output converters are autonomous voltage inverters of the intermediate ac: in the case of single-phase input and output, they are three-phase. The basic ratios are given to determine voltages and currents of 4QS converters, to determine the variable component of a rectified current 4QS converter, and to formulate requirements for a resonant L₂C₂ filter configured for a frequency of 100 Hz. Expressions are given for determining the ratio of the input power of the converter, as well as recommendations for determining the basic parameters of electrical equipment.