A comparison of the energy efficiency of the traction electric drive of alternating-current electric locomotives based on collector and asynchronous motors

An assessment of the overall performance of 3ES5K alternating-current electric locomotives with a collector drive in the regimes of traction and recuperative braking using the concrete example of a staged route between the Khabarovsk-2 and Bikin stations of the Far East Railroad is given in this article. Real traction and brake characteristics of a 3ES5H electric locomotive in the case of a cargo train of large weight and length are shown. Analysis is carried out of all the characteristics of a 3ES5H electric locomotive, and they are compared with the movement of a 2ES5 electric locomotive with an asynchronous drive. It is determined why 3ES5K electric locomotives are more power efficient than 2ES5 ones.     

Simulating the operation of auxiliary machines of a 2(3)ES5K locomotive

Auxiliary machines of electric trains provide the operation of traction motors and electrical and pneumatic equipment. The main condition of safe operation of the asynchronous electric drive of auxiliary machines is the maintenance of the operation mode of the electric drive in terms of the basic technical data, according to which NVA-55 electric drives are matched by nominal operation (long-term) mode S1. The effect of supply voltage on the operation of locomotive auxiliary machines is considered. Auxiliary machines are used under poor conditions on alternating current electric trains. Disbalance of the motor currents occurs even at nominal voltage of the overhead contact system and operable phase-shifting device. In operation, the voltage on the contact wire line is not constant and the equipment modes can be inconsistent with the nominal one, which leads to a significant number of failures of auxiliary equipment. This makes it necessary for the microprocessor control system to use the controlled auxiliary electric drive. An individual autonomous inverter with fully balanced sinusoidal output voltage allows one to increase the reliability of the induction motor drive, while the proportional control of the blower motor reduces the power consumption.     

YQ-190异步牵引电机电磁场有限元分析

电机是一个由非线性、多变量和多物理场耦合关系构成的机电能量转换装置。车辆用异步牵引电机具有较复杂的运行特性,为了更好的分析异步牵引电机的运行特性及不同环境下电机参数变化特征,文章借助Ansoft公司的Maxwell 2D模块,建立一种功率为190kW地铁车辆用异步牵引电机模型。利用电磁场有限元软件,分析异步牵引电机在不同运行状态下电机参数及相关特性变化曲线,为异步牵引电机的优化设计提供理论依据。     

Selection of efficient control circuits for a tram traction electric drive on the basis of development of a simulation model

The development of simulation model for a tram traction electric drive with asynchronous motors using the MATLAB program in the SimPowerSystems application is considered.     

电力机车牵引传动系统的多模式调制策略及切换方法研究

针对交流电力机车牵引传动系统开关频率低的特点,研究了牵引系统的多模式脉宽调制策略以及不同调制策略之间的切换方法,实现了电机控制算法和多模式调制策略的统一框架设计。根据不同调制模式的特点,提出了一种由异步调制切换至同步SVPWM再到同步SHEPWM调制直至方波调制的多模式PWM调制策略;针对不同调制模式在切换过程中出现的问题,使用了一种三相同步的切换方法;为避免电机控制算法和多模式脉宽调制策略之间存在的相角匹配问题,提出了可以简化算法实现复杂程度的统一框架设计方法,并论述了在低采样率下电流调节器和磁链观测器的设计过程;最后,在小功率牵引实验平台实现了无速度传感器电力机车牵引工况下全速域的稳定运行,实验结果验证了算法的有效性。     

A New Converter Drive System for a Diesel Electric Locomotive with Asynchronous Traction Motors

After a short explanation of the need to develop a new power transmission system, listing the general demands on the performance of a locomotive, the arrangement of an existing diesel electric locomotive, the DE 2500, is presented. The main components of the system, such as the alternator, converter, traction motors, and the whole control system are described in detail. Consideration is given to the interaction between the different components which had to be taken care of in the design. Good operating experience has shown that the system was well chosen. For the future a uniform drive scheme for different power supplies appears realizable.     

无速度传感器控制矿用电力机车牵引变频调速器

基于异步电机的定子磁场定向控制模型,研制了无速度传感器控制矿用电力机车牵引变频调速器,选用高性价比的M16C系列MCU作为主控单元,采用PWM死区补偿及速度和励磁电流闭环控制,输出电流谐波小,起动力矩大,成功地用于煤矿10吨架线式矿用电机车的牵引控制。采用变频调速牵引代替了原来普遍使用的调阻电机车和直流斩波电机车,提高了生产效率,大大减小了能耗,降低了机车维修及损耗材料费用。     

Simulations of electromagnetic processes in an asynchronous traction drive of automatic electric braking of an electric train

This paper shows the possibility and effectiveness of using an electric brake of motor railcar rolling stock with an asynchronous traction drive as an automatic brake. Since electric braking is unaffected by low temperatures and it can provide high efficiency protection from wheel slipping and skidding when integrated into a traction drive control system, as well as control braking torque with a high speed. Many motor axes and, hence, high power railcar rolling stock can provide less braking distance at electric braking than does pneumatic braking, which is especially important for emergency braking. However, an electric brake can be used as an automatic one only if it can be driven even in the case of loss of power from the catenary or diesel generator. The possibility in principle and the workability of using an electric brake as an automatic one are analyzed on the basis of mathematical simulations. The electromagnetic processes in an asynchronous traction drive under such conditions are considered, and the actuation time of an electric brake in the absence of supplied power is determined.     

电力机车牵引电传动系统关键参数自动优化方法研究

为了使电力机车牵引电传动系统参数匹配最佳,对电力机车牵引电传动系统关键参数自动优化方法进行了研究。首先,建立了某型号电力机车牵引电传动系统的仿真模型,仿真结果证明了建模的准确性及合理性。其次,针对原模型开展试验设计(DOE)仿真,获得一簇反映系统运行规律的仿真结果,基于仿真结果建立了映射系统输入参数与输出特性的近似模型。再次,基于近似模型采用多目标粒子群优化算法进行寻优,获得了优化的设计参数。最后,对比分析几种模型仿真优化的结果,验证了采用近似模型进行全局寻优方法的效果,且在保证仿真精度的前提下,达到了极高的仿真效率。研究结果对于电力机车牵引电传动系统的高效率仿真具有参考意义。     

Traction and energetic characteristics of a trolley bus drive and the algorithm of a controlling traction asynchronous motor

The results of bench and operational tests of AT250L4Y2 traction electric motors in a system of the traction drive of a trolley bus are described. An example is given of implementing testing equipment enabling one to simulate the operation of the traction motor and the drive at the conditional settlement stage.     

双流制窄轨电力机车用异步牵引电机设计

将牵引电机应用于双流制窄轨电力机车时,由于窄轨机车轨距小,所以牵引电机安装空间异常狭小,比一般牵引电机在安装空间、电机结构、电磁负荷等方面的要求更加苛刻。针对窄轨双流制电力机车的运用特点和特殊要求进行了分析,提出了牵引电机的设计要求和关键技术难点,并对关键技术难点给出了相应的分析和解决措施。对该牵引电机的制造过程及电机试验测试情况进行了论述。试验结果表明,该牵引电机达到了设计预期,完全能满足设计要求。     

Features of traction electric equipment of prospective electric rolling stock

On the main railways in Russia, two types of current in the contact wire are used: dc voltage of 3 kV and ac voltage of 25 kV with a frequency of 50 Hz. Therefore, prospective electric rolling stock should have double the power. Improving the capacity and structural speed of locomotives is based on the use of asynchronous traction motors (ATDs) with a squirrel-cage rotor allowing increasing the tractive force and the weight of the train and the capacity and speed of cargo delivery, increasing reliability and reducing life cycle costs, and increasing service life. Electrical equipment for such rolling stock should be used when working from either contact system, dc or ac. In this article, the scheme of power circuits is considered using the example of a module of a traction drive in one bogie of dual-system electric locomotives. It is proposed to use the secondary winding of the traction transformer as a choke of the input filter when powered from a dc contact system. Regulation of operation modes of asynchronous traction motors is carried out from static semiconductor converters with a two-tier structure. Input transducers provide the exchange of electric energy between the contact system and the intermediate link of dc voltage, and the output converters regulate the traction motors by changing the magnitude and frequency of voltage on the stator windings of ATD depending on the speed of the locomotive and its operating mode. 4QS input converters and output converters are autonomous voltage inverters of the intermediate ac: in the case of single-phase input and output, they are three-phase. The basic ratios are given to determine voltages and currents of 4QS converters, to determine the variable component of a rectified current 4QS converter, and to formulate requirements for a resonant L₂C₂ filter configured for a frequency of 100 Hz. Expressions are given for determining the ratio of the input power of the converter, as well as recommendations for determining the basic parameters of electrical equipment.     

Simulation Model of a Direct-Current Electric Locomotive with Commutator Traction Motors

A dc electric locomotive simulation model is considered that makes it possible to study transient and steady processes and may serve as a basis for the notion of a “digital locomotive” being implemented within the “Digital Railway” project. One of the most popular electric locomotives is selected, which is designed for pulling freight trains along long-distance railways electrified with direct current with a voltage of 3000 V. The electric locomotive model is based on a mathematical model of a collector traction engine. The model takes into account the nonlinearity of the main pole’s magnetic characteristic, as well as the effect of eddy currents in solid magnetic circuit sections on the magnetic flux variation. The model provides a mechanism for regulating motors in the course of investigations in accordance with operating conditions. The processes of resistor starting and voltage regulation by connection to resistors by means of transposition, as well as motor regulation by changing the magnetic flux, are taken into account. The possibility of using the developed model to study the traction substation–traction network–electric rolling stock system, which is determined by different operating modes of the traction network in the process of converting electrical energy into mechanical, is shown. Calculations of various locomotive operating modes in the event of failure in the contact network are carried out.     

Reducing shock dynamic loads on the asynchronous traction drive of a developed diesel locomotive in emergency modes

Computer simulation is used to determine impact dynamic loads during through faults in the voltage inverter of the asynchronous traction drive of a mainline diesel locomotive. The methods for decreasing this load our outlined.     

基于神经网络DTC的电力牵引控制系统的研究

在电力牵引控制系统中,低速区Rs的变化带来一系列问题,特别是定子电流和磁链的畸变,会引起转速脉振.从交流传动电力机车运行特性要求出发,对异步牵引电机控制方案进行了探讨和优化设计,采用神经网络直接转矩控制(DTC)的控制策略控制电力牵引机车,对启动及负载突变时电机的性能进行分析,验证了此方法可以有效改善异步电动机的动态性...     

自耦变压器供电方式的电牵引供电系统中的机车驱动谐波污染仿真研究

为了减少电气化铁路对其沿线的通信系统造成的干扰，电牵引供电系统可以采用自耦变压器供电方式。本文分析了此系统中的机车驱动谐波污染情况，建立了SS4型电力机车、牵引网及牵引变电所的模型，并通过MATLAB仿真计算出在多机条件下电力机车、牵引网及牵引变电所中的谐波电流及其谐波含量。     

An electric traction drive for electric vehicles

Problems of expanding the range of speed regulation in electric transport vehicles by replacing gear-shift transmission with a two-channel electric drive comprising two electric motors, each coupled with its own reducing gear units possessing different gear ratios. The output shafts of these reducing gear units are coupled to one differential speed-reduction device. To solve this problem, a mathematical model of the electric-motor drive has been developed and the static characteristics of the individual motors and characteristics of the motors with their output shafts driving one differential speed-reduction device have been determined. Steady conditions of the operation of a two-channel electric drive are considered. To describe real changes in the speed variables, the electromechanical transducer is approximated in the mathematical model with nonperiodic first-order links. The functions of the controlling effects, which are formed on the basis of the criterion of fullest utilization of electric machines with respect to their electromagnetic torque in stable conditions and in transient processes, were determined. Recommendations are given on application of the proposed solution to traction mechanisms, which should meet increased requirements to acceleration of electric-motor vehicles.     

基于SHEPWM调制的电力机车全速度运行策略及切换方法研究

电力机车功率大、直流侧电压高、开关频率低、运行速度快,针对牵引状态下电机电流谐波含量大、转矩脉动大、定子发热等问题,研究了电力机车在整个运行速度范围内的调制策略。提出了电力机车调制方式由异步调制切换至同步SHEPWM调制然后再到最大电压利用区(方波调制)的策略。理论上分析推导了减小切换电流畸变的方案,针对该策略和方案进行了仿真研究并在异步电机小功率实验平台上进行了实验验证。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的调制策略可以作为电力机车全速度范围调制策略,切换方案能够减小电流谐波含量,提高电压利用率,使电力机车在全速度范围内平稳运行。     

轨道交通车辆牵引控制发展现状与趋势

从蒸汽机车的出现到现在的交流传动电力牵引,轨道交通车辆牵引控制技术随着牵引动力的发展已历经2个世纪的变革与发展。其技术发展从以牵引装置为中心,发展到现在的以平台化技术为中心的高性能控制技术,实现了牵引控制的通用化、标准化和个性化。由此,完整地讨论了其技术发展过程、现状和趋势。