Study of the Tribotechnical Properties of a Cutting Tool Made of Sintered Powder Tool Materials

The research results on the wear of cutting tools made by sintering high-speed steel powders have been presented. It has been shown that powder tool materials based on high-speed steel additionally alloyed with titanium carbide have high wear resistance and can be classified as a new class of self-organized tool materials. As has been shown by the research, the wear resistance of these tools is 2–3.5 times higher than the wear resistance of standard high-speed steel tools.     

高速切削刀具材料及其与工件匹配研究

实现高速切削加工,刀具材料是关键。目前国内外用于高速切削加工的刀具材料主要有聚晶金刚石(PCD)、立方氮化硼(CBN)、陶瓷、TiCN基金属陶瓷和涂层刀具等。本文介绍了这些高速切削刀具材料各自的特点和应用范围,分析了高速切削刀具材料与工件材料的匹配,并阐述了针对常用工程材料的高速切削加工和刀具材料的合理选择。     

新型陶瓷刀具材料的耐磨损性能

研究了近几年来所研制成功的几种新型陶瓷刀具材料切削加上高强钢、高温镍基合金、淬硬钢与铸铁时的耐磨性能。结果表明:加工不同材料时刀具的耐磨损能力不同,在实际应用时可根据需要选用合适的刀具材料。     

自润滑刀具材料研究综述

自润滑刀具材料具有优异的减摩、抗磨性能 ,其开发与应用对提高切削加工生产率、降低加工成本、减少资源消耗、防止切削液污染环境、实现绿色加工具有重要意义。本文对自润滑刀具材料的基本概念、应用前景、性能特点、主要实现方式以及研究方向等进行了综合评述     

Crater and flank wear resistance of cutting tools having micro textured surfaces

We have proposed cutting tools with various textured surfaces to increase cutting tool life. Our previous studies have developed cutting tools having periodical stripe-grooved surfaces on their rake face formed using femtosecond laser technology, which displayed high crater wear resistance in cutting of steel materials. In this study, the mechanism for suppressing the crater wear on the tool surface and the relationship between texture dimensions and wear resistance were investigated to provide a guideline for developing tools with textured surfaces. Furthermore, we newly introduced the textured surfaces into a flank face of cutting tools to improve flank wear resistance. Face milling experiments on steel materials exhibited that the newly developed tool having the textured flank face significantly reduced the flank wear. Moreover, the influences of texture dimensions and cutting conditions on the flank wear resistance were also discussed.     

超硬刀具材料的发展与应用

现代集成制造系统的发展和切削速度的不断提高对刀具性能提出更高的要求。开发各种具有优良耐磨性和高稳定性的超硬切削刀具是发展趋势。PCD(Poly Crystalline Diamond)和PCBN(Poly Cubic Boron Nitride)在生产中可获得常规切削加工达不到的尺寸和表面粗糙度,研究PCD和PCBN的发展和应用非常必要。本文全面介绍了超硬刀具材料(PCD和PCBN方面)的发展,阐述了2种材料的性能特点以及它们在不同领域及加工材料方面的切削应用。     

PCBN刀具的合理使用及磨损对策

介绍了PCBN刀具适用的加工材料以及刀具几何参数、切削用量、刀片牌号的合理选择方法 ,针对PCBN刀具在实际加工中的常见磨损、破损形式提出了具体改善措施     

碳复合材料钻孔加工性研究

从刀具材料，几何角度，切削用量等几个方面分析了碳复合材料钻孔工艺性和表面质量，给出了改善复合材料钻孔质量的工艺参数。     

Comparison of the wear resistance of selected steels and cemented carbide cutting tool materials in machining wood

An experimental investigation is described where specimens of selected steels and cemented carbides are tested to simulate cutting green wood and cured wood. Extensive results are presented that show quantitatively the progressive wear of several Stellites, steels and cemented carbides as a function of time for sliding under wet and dry conditions.A simple theoretical analysis of tool wear that applies to cutting green wood with cemented carbide tools is described. The analysis, which indicates the important parameters in the wear process, is used to predict the effect of carbide particle size on wear rate. Comparisons are made between the predicted and experimentally determined wear rates for two groups of cemented carbide materials. Good agreement is found between experimental measurements and theoretical predictions. It is shown that wear depends on carbide particle size. Superior wear resistance of cemented carbides is attributed to the high hardness and low chemical reactivity of the carbide phase. The improved wear resistance of the Stellites is attributed to the low reactivity of the matrix.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的切削加工

分析了1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢的材料特性和切削加工特点,从刀具材料和刀具几何参数的确定、切削用量和切削液的选择等方面入手,介绍了切削加工此类不锈钢材料的常用工艺方法以及关键技术,并给出了加工实例。     

Tool wear and surface quality in milling of a gamma-TiAl intermetallic

Advanced structural materials for high-temperature applications are often required in aerospace and automotive fields. Gamma titanium aluminides, intermetallic alloys that contain less than 60?wt.% of Ti, around 30–35 wt.% of aluminum, and other alloy elements, can be used as an alternative to more traditional materials for thermally and mechanically stressed components in aerospace and automotive engines, since they show an attractive combination of favorable strength-to-weight ratio, refractoriness, oxidation resistance, high elastic modulus, and strength retention at elevated temperatures, together with good creep resistance properties. Unfortunately such properties, along with high hardness and brittleness at room temperature, surface damage, and short and unpredictable tool life, undermine their machinability, so that gamma-TiAl are regarded as difficult to cut materials. A deeper knowledge of their machinability is therefore still required. In this context the paper presents the results of an experimental campaign aimed at investigating the machinability of a gamma titanium aluminide, of aeronautic interest, fabricated via electron beam melting and then thermally treated. Milling experiments have been conducted with varying cutting speed, feed, and lubrication conditions (dry, wet, and minimum quantity lubrication). The results are presented in terms of correlation between cutting parameters and lubrication condition with tool wear, surface hardness and roughness, and chip morphology. Tool life, surface roughness, and chirp morphology showed dependence on the cutting parameters. Lubrication conditions were observed to heavily affect tool wear, and minimum quantity lubrication was shown to be by far the method that allows to extend tool life.     

Review of research work in sinking EDM and WEDM on metal matrix composite materials

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are newly advanced materials having the properties of light weight, high specific strength, good wear resistance and a low thermal expansion coefficient. These materials are extensively used in industry. Greater hardness and reinforcement makes it difficult to machine using traditional techniques, which has impeded the development of MMCs. The use of traditional machinery to machine hard composite materials causes serious tool wear due to the abrasive nature of reinforcement. These materials can be machined by many non-traditional methods like water jet and laser cutting but these processes are limited to linear cutting only. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) shows higher capability for cutting complex shapes with high precision for these materials. The paper presents a review of EDM process and year wise research work done in EDM on MMCs. The paper also discusses the future trend of research work in the same area.     

精密、超精密车削刀具的材料

精密、超精密车削是先进制造技术中最重要的加工工艺方法之一 ,而刀具材料是实现该工艺的关键。现结合国内外目前研究状况 ,对精密、超精密车削的刀具材料种类、性能进行综合评述     

Finite element simulation of machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with thermodynamical constitutive equation

Titanium alloys are known as difficult-to-machine materials, especially at higher cutting speeds, due to their several inherent properties such as low thermal conductivity and their high reactivity with cutting tool materials, which present a low thermal conductivity. In this paper, a finite element analysis (FEA) of machining for Ti-6Al-4V is presented. In particular, the thermodynamical constitutive equation in FEA is applied for both workpiece material and tool material. Cutting temperature and tool wear depth are predicted. The comparison between the predicted and experimental cutting temperature and tool wear depth are presented and discussed. The results indicated that a good prediction accuracy of both principal cutting temperature and tool wear depth can be achieved by the method of FEA with thermodynamical constitutive equation.     

CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE DIRECTION IN THE NUMERICAL MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MACHINING PROCESSES: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

This paper presents a literature review on modeling and simulation of the metal cutting process, with special consideration to difficult-to-cut materials. The critical issues in the modeling of the cutting process are presented and investigated, which include the identification and formulation of the material constitutive equation, as well as the models that describe the tribological and thermal interactions at the tool-chip interface. The available approaches for generating constitutive data are critically examined, and their advantages, capabilities and limitations are discussed. The formulation of the constitutive equation significantly affects the accuracy of the finite element (FE) simulation. The evaluation criteria proposed recently by the authors to assess the goodness of different constitutive relationships for the machining process are presented. It is shown that more accurate simulation can be obtained when using a pressure-dependent friction model, compared to that with uniform coefficients. Similar conclusion can be drawn in relation to expressing the thermal contact resistance (or conductance) as position dependent, being directly correlated to the local contact pressure at the interface. In addition, the current applications and future directions of the finite element modeling (FEM) of the metal cutting process are summarized.     

基于数控刀具耐用可靠度分析

通过数控加工工艺特点分析，提出数控刀具的技术要求。并分析数控刀具损坏形式，提出了数控刀具的可靠度概念、性质及刀具耐用可靠度，介绍改善数控刀具耐用可靠度的优化要点。     

Al2O3陶瓷材料的摩擦学研究进展

氧化铝陶瓷刀具材料具有硬度高、耐磨性好、高温性能优良、抗黏结和抗扩散能力强、化学稳定性好等特点,广泛应用于高速切削和切削难加工材料领域。从陶瓷材料晶粒尺寸与摩擦学性能相关性、复相氧化铝陶瓷材料的摩擦学性能和氧化铝陶瓷的磨损机制3个方面,综述氧化铝陶瓷材料摩擦学研究进展,以期为新型高品质氧化铝陶瓷刀具材料的开发提供帮助。细化晶粒和组分复合化是提高陶瓷材料的强度和断裂韧性,进而提升其摩擦学性能的有效途径,但目前氧化铝陶瓷摩擦学研究主要是基于晶粒尺寸为600 nm以上的单相陶瓷和基体晶粒尺寸为1μm左右的复相陶瓷材料,对纳米/超细晶(500 nm以下)氧化铝陶瓷材料的研究是未来的研究方向。     

Environmentally conscious hard turning of cemented carbide materials on the basis of micro-cutting in SEM (2nd report): stress turning with three kinds of cutting tools

Environmentally conscious hard turning and technology have placed increasing importance on the machining process. Cutting fluids have a significant impact on the environment, thus numerous research works are being performed to minimize their use. However, tool wear is very severe in hard turning cemented carbides without the use of cutting fluids. In this research, the effects of dry and wet cutting methods (vegetable oil mist and mineral oil) and tool material on cutting resistance and wear characteristics of cutting tools were experimentally investigated to study the possibility of creating an environmentally conscious hard turning of cemented carbides. Mist and wet cutting of the cemented carbides using poly-crystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tools were adopted to investigate how tool wear on the basis of micro-cutting in the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) can be reduced. Additionally, the poly-crystalline cubic boron nitride (PcBN) and the usual cBN cutting tools were compared with the PCD cutting tools. This paper was presented at the 9^th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery (AICFM9), Jeju, Korea, October 16–19, 2007.recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Dae-Eun Kim HEO Sung Jung was born in Busan, R. O. K., in 1958. He received the Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. He is a Full Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Doowon Technical College, Ansong -si, Gyonggi-do, Republic of Korea. His current research interests are in the areas of cutting of difficult-to-cut materials, environmentally conscious machining and cutting tool design.     

混合推理在难加工材料切削数据库系统的应用

随着难加工材料应用的日益广泛,切削数据的匮乏日益凸显。智能推理在切削数据库的应用为解决此难题提供了途径。研究以实例推理为主、规则推理为辅的混合推理在难加工材料切削数据库中的应用,给出工件材料切削加工性评判实例相似度计算方法。混合推理方法对建立难加工材料切削数据库及其推广应用起重要作用。     

金刚石工具加工硬脆材料时的磨损及其影响因素的研究现状

对金刚石工具加工硬脆材料时的磨损及其影响因素的国内外研究成果进行了综述 ,讨论了金刚石工具的磨损机理和影响金刚石工具磨损的各种因素 ,提出了需要深入研究的热点问题。