Coking pressure as a factor in batch preparation at PAO Zaporozhkoks

The state of the coke ovens at PAO Zaporozhkoks is analyzed. The coking pressure of coal concentrates is classified, and their interaction in binary mixtures is discussed. Prediction and simulation of the coking pressure in coal batch permits extension of battery life.     

Producing high-quality coke from blends of domestic and imported coal at PAO Zaporozhkoks

The evolution of quality requirements on blast-furnace coke indicates the need to use low-sulfur imported coal of the required quality. The best performance characteristics of European blast furnaces are noted. At such furnaces, with the injection of pulverized coal, the consumption of low-reactivity blast-furnace coke is 280.9–355.8 kg/t of hot metal. On the basis of the requirements imposed on coal used in the production of low-reactivity, low-sulfur, high-strength coke, an industrial coking method has been developed and tested at PAO Zaporozhkoks on the basis of Ukrainian, Russian, and United States coal of the required quality. The coke produced is tested in blast furnace 5 at PAO Zaporozhstal’. The results show that coke of improved quality may be obtained from batch containing 50% Ukrainian coal, 30% Russian coal, and 15% United States coal at PAO Zaporozhkoks. Thus, in the first 11 months of 2013, the quality of the blast-furnace coke produced was as follows: moisture content 3.6%; ash content 11.0%; sulfur content 0.78%; M ₁₀ = 6.3%; content of the >80 mm class 4.1%; content of the <25 mm class 3.1%; CRI = 31.8%; CSR = 51.9%.     

Preparation of blast-furnace Coke at PAO AKKhZ. Part 1

The preparation of blast-furnace coke in coke shop 1 at PAO Avdeevskii Koksokhimicheskii Zavod (AKKhZ) is analyzed. The content of the >80 mm class cannot be reduced to the required values without special crushing equipment. Initial data for the selection and design of screening and crushing equipment are obtained. On that basis, the coke-preparation system in coke shop 1 is reconstructed.     

Coke-battery reconstruction at OAO Zaporozhkoks

In preparing for the reconstruction of coke battery 1A at OAO Zaporozhkoks, the expected availability of Ukrainian coking coals between 2009 and 2012 is analyzed. Experimental coking of alternative coal batches is undertaken at battery 1A.     

Blast-furnace smelting with improved coke at OAO Zaporozhkoks

As an experiment, coke from batteries 5 and 6 at OAO Zaporozhkoks is used in blast furnace 5 at Zaporozhstal, in order to determine the influence of coke quality on blast-furnace operation. This research is associated with the prospects for coal-dust injection into the blast furnace at OAO Zaporozhstal.     

Microstructure of electrode pitch at OAO Zaporozhkoks

Analysis of literature data (including ASTM standards) shows that the only existing method that permits the identification of meso phase in pitch is optical microscopy. Even in special conditions conducive to meso-phase development, its formation in the pitch considered is found to be extremely slow.     

Introduction of modern automatic control systems at OAO Zaporozhkoks

The development and introduction of automatic control systems in the basic production shops at OAO Zaporozhkoks is described.     

Reducing emissions from the byproduct-trapping shop at OAO Zaporozhkoks

At most coke plants, the existing technologies for the capture of coking byproducts are not the best available. Accordingly, the working areas of coke plants and the atmosphere are polluted with copious emissions. At the world’s leading coke plants, the byproduct-trapping shop is free of toxic emissions. Emissions are prevented by modern byproduct-capture systems and by measures such as sealing of the equipment and collection of the emissions for mixing with the coke-oven gas. In collaboration with OAO Zaporozhkoks, ZAO Ekotekhnika is developing measures for 99% reduction in atmospheric emissions.     

Ensuring uniform operation of the coal-preparation shop at OAO Zaporozhkoks

Intensification of blast-furnace operation calls for constant quality of the raw materials supplied to the furnace. This imposes strict requirements on coke quality—and especially on constancy of its major technological characteristics. Considerable quality fluctuations of blast-furnace coke disrupt furnace operation, impair productivity, waste coke, and entail the formulation of furnace batch taking account of such fluctuations. Hence, a margin of safety must be built into blast-furnace operation, with loss of productive capacity.     

Benzene recovery at PAO AKKhZ

The measures adopted in the benzene department of byproduct-capture shop 1 at PAO Avdeevskii Koksokhimicheskii Zavod (AKKhZ) are discussed. During the reconstruction of coke production at the plant, valuable operational experience has been gained with a compact cooling system for the coke-oven-gas and a modernized benzene scrubber. A simplified system is proposed for the distillation column.     

Determining the degree of coal oxidation at PAO AKKhZ

Methods of assessing coal oxidation are compared. The method developed by the Soviet Institute of Mining and the Coal Chemistry Institute is most expedient. On that basis, a draft of the Ukrainian DSTU standard on determining the oxidation of coal has been formulated. The method has been successfully used in selecting the flotation agent for coal enrichment at PAO Avdeevskii Koksokhimicheskii Zavod (AKKhZ).     

More efficient operation of the dust-free coke-discharge modules at OAO Zaporozhkoks coke batteries 5 and 6

Two types of dust-free coke-discharge modules are generally employed. The modules employed at OAO Zaporozhkoks are described and analyzed. Methods are proposed for determining their operational efficiency and testing their performance in plant conditions. Recommendations are made for improving the operational efficiency of dust-free coke-discharge modules mounted on door-opening machines.     

Coal resources at OOO Metinvest Holding and their optimal coking at PAO AKKhZ

The coal resources at OOO Metinvest Holding are considered, in a climate of increase requirements on coke quality and self-reliance. The parameters of high-quality coke are outlined, and the corresponding requirements on the coal batch employed are discussed. Recommendations regarding coal preparation and coking technology are developed, so as to obtain high-quality coke. At PAO Avdeevsk Koksokhimicheskii Zavod (AKKhZ), industrial trials are undertaken to obtain high-quality coke. The trials confirm that such coke may be produced on the basis of the recommendations. Data regarding coke quality in shops 2–4 at PAO AKKhZ are presented for the first eight months of 2013.     

A new stage in the modernization of OAO Zaporozhkoks

OAO Zaporozhkoks is at the threshold of its next equipment upgrade. The plant is ready to reequip coke battery 1A, which has been in operation for almost 29 years. The basic principles to be adopted are outlined.     

Efficiency of Batch Preparation at Makeevka Coke Plant

The operational efficiency of the batch-preparation shop is assessed, in terms of the uniformity of batch quality. The importance of batch uniformity in the production of blast-furnace coal of stable quality is confirmed. Analysis of individual stages of coal preparation permits the development of batch-uniformity coefficients that may be used in assessing the ability to produce batch of stable quality. In an industrial experiment, the mixing efficiency of coal concentrates is determined in dosing, crushing, and transportation of the final batch to the coke shop.     

Effectiveness of the Desulfurization of Coke-Oven Gas at PAO Magnitogorskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat

To assess the capabilities of the desulfurization system for coke-oven gas in coking-product recovery shop 2 at PAO Magnitogorskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat (MMK), the effectiveness of all stages in sulfur recovery unit (SRU) at the shop is analyzed. It is found that the capacity for catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur is not being fully utilized. Its use would raise the temperature of both stages in the SRU’s R-6201 Claus reactor. The optimum temperature of the second catalytic stage of the R-6201/2 unit and maximum conversion to sulfur cannot be achieved because of the insufficient heat-exchanger efficiency resulting from surface deposits of sulfur. Observations at waste-heat boiler 1 of the elemental-sulfur production department in the copper plant of Norilsk Nickel’s Transpolar Division show that sulfur condensation on the heatexchanger surface decreases the heat transfer in the waste-heat boiler by 20–40%. Modification of the heating system for the second stage of the R-6201 Claus reactor in coking-product recovery shop 2 at PAO MMK by introducing a regulated bypass line is proposed.     

冷切焦水一体化处理技术在惠炼延迟焦化装置的应用

文章简要介绍了国内延迟焦化装置冷切焦水的分流处理工艺。惠炼延迟焦化采用冷切焦水一体化处理技术,投资小、操作方便、处理效果好,从操作管理与技改两方面对减轻冷切焦水的挥发烃污染提出了改进措施。     

焦炭热态强度及其影响因素分析

通过分析焦炭反应性、反应后强度之间的关系,研究焦炭热态强度的影响因素,发现焦炭反应性和反应后强度之间存在负相关性,并且焦炭的气孔结构、显微组分和碱金属对焦炭热态强度均有不同程度的影响。     

焦炉煤气循环干熄焦及焦炭脱硫

研究了焦炉煤气代替氮气作为循环换热介质的干熄焦工艺,该工艺在冷却焦炭的同时实现了焦炭脱硫. 通过物料和热量平衡计算表明,干熄焦过程循环焦炉煤气比循环氮气气料比显著降低;焦炉煤气在熄焦炉入口补充气体的比例越高,循环气量越小,干熄焦系统的动力消耗越小. 焦炭加氢脱硫实验结果表明,干熄焦过程循环焦炉煤气能显著降低焦炭中的硫含量.