A High‐Frequency Cycloconverter Based on a Phase‐Shift Control Method

This paper proposes a new control method for a high‐frequency cycloconverter consisting of two half‐bridge inverters and a series–resonant circuit. This cycloconverter acts as an ac‐to‐ac direct power conversion circuit without any dc stage. This circuit does not require a diode bridge rectifier, and thus, can be used to reduce forward voltage drops and power losses in the diodes. A new phase‐shift control method is proposed to regulate the capacitor voltage in each half‐bridge inverter and to achieve zero‐voltage switching. The proposed phase‐shift control is theoretically discussed and is also verified by an experimental circuit consisting of superjunction power MOSFETs. As a result, the proposed high‐frequency cycloconverter exhibits a good power conversion efficiency as high as 97.7% at the rated power of 1.3 kW.     

A power decoupling control method for an isolated single‐phase AC‐to‐DC converter based on a high‐frequency cycloconverter

This paper proposes a new power decoupling method for a high‐frequency cycloconverter which converts the single‐phase line‐frequency ac input to the high‐frequency ac output directly. The cycloconverter consists of two half‐bridge inverters, two input filter capacitors, and a series‐resonant circuit. The proposed power decoupling method stores the input power ripple at double the line frequency in the filter capacitors. Therefore, the proposed method achieves a unity power factor in ac input and a constant current amplitude in the high‐frequency output without any additional switching device or energy storage element. This paper theoretically discusses the principle and operating performance of the proposed power decoupling method, and the viability is confirmed by using an experimental isolated ac‐to‐dc converter based on the high‐frequency cycloconverter. As a result, the proposed power decoupling method effectively improved the displacement power factor in the line current to more than 0.99 and reduced the output voltage ripple to 4% without any electrolytic capacitor.     

Single-Phase SRM Drive With Torque Ripple Reduction and Power Factor Correction

In a single-phase switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive, the dc voltage source is generally supplied by a circuit consisting of a bridge rectifier and a filter capacitor connected to an ac line. The charging time of the capacitor is shorter from the ac source as capacity increases. The bridge rectifier draws pulsating current from the ac source, which results in a degraded power factor (PF) and lower system efficiency. A single-phase SRM drive system is presented in this paper, which includes the realization of a drive circuit for the reduction of torque ripple and PF improvement with a novel switching topology. The proposed drive circuit adds one switch and one diode, which can separate the output of the ac/dc rectifier from the large capacitor and supply power to the SRM alternately. This allows the drive system to realize torque ripple reduction and PF improvement through the switching scheme. The validity of the proposed method is analyzed by mathematical modeling and tested by simulations and experiments.     

Investigation of harmonic currents and power factor on power rectifier circuits with nonequi-PWM and equi-PWM control (inductive load)

Lately, on the power rectifier circuit with semiconductor switching device, PWM control is generally employed for the purposes of reducing the harmonic currents on the dc side and improving the power factor of fundamental wave. In this case, the analysis of the current waveform becomes fairly complex. However, we express the PWM controlled voltage waveform by the step function, and can easily analyze the current waveform. We reported formerly some results of analysis about the waveform and harmonics of the current. In this paper, on the power rectifier circuit to which the nonequi-PWM and equi-PWM control are applied, we exactly calculate the harmonic currents on the dc and ac side, and the power factor by the use of the above analytical results. The characteristics of both control methods are compared on condition that each controlled factor of the load voltage is equal. These results are shown in the calculated charts. The following items can be seen from these charts on the power rectifier circuit: (1) The nonequi-PWM control can let the harmonic currents on the dc side decrease more than the equi-PWM control. But on the contrary, the harmonic currents on the ac side increase. Consequently, when the nonequi-PWM control is applied, the total power factor decreases by the increase of distortion factor of the current on the ac side. (2) The difference between the harmonic currents on the dc and ac side to both of the nonequi-PWM and equi-PWM control increases with the increase of controlled factor of the load voltage. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(4): 117–125, 1999     

A novel prototype of auxiliary edge resonant bridge leg link snubber‐assisted soft‐switching sine‐wave PWM inverter

This paper proposes a new circuit topology of the three‐phase soft‐switching PWM inverter and PFC converter using IGBT power modules, which has the improved active auxiliary switch and edge resonant bridge leg‐commutation‐link soft‐switching snubber circuit with pulse current regenerative feedback loop as compared with the typical auxiliary resonant pole snubber discussed previously. This three‐phase soft‐switching PWM double converter is more suitable and acceptable for a large‐capacity uninterruptible power supply, PFC converter, utility‐interactive bidirectional converter, and so forth. In this paper, the soft‐switching operation and optimum circuit design of the novel type active auxiliary edge resonant bridge leg commutation link snubber treated here are described for high‐power applications. Both the main active power switches and the auxiliary active power switches achieve soft switching under the principles of ZVS or ZCS in this three‐phase inverter switching. This three‐phase soft‐switching commutation scheme can effectively minimize the switching surge‐related electromagnetic noise and the switching power losses of the power semiconductor devices; IGBTs and modules used here. This three‐phase inverter and rectifier coupled double converter system does not need any sensing circuit and its peripheral logic control circuits to detect the voltage or the current and does not require any unwanted chemical electrolytic capacitor to make the neutral point of the DC power supply voltage source. The performances of this power conditioner are proved on the basis of the experimental and simulation results. Because the power semiconductor switches (IGBT module packages) have a trade‐off relation in the switching fall time and tail current interval characteristics as well as the conductive saturation voltage characteristics, this three‐phase soft‐switching PWM double converter can improve actual efficiency in the output power ranges with a trench gate controlled MOS power semiconductor device which is much improved regarding low saturation voltage. The effectiveness of this is verified from a practical point of view. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(4): 64–76, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20207     

Three-Phase AC Power Control Using Power Transistors

A three-phase ac power control circuit using power transistors which operate in a high-frequency chopping mode is described. The circuit is capable of handling several kilowatts of power at any lagging load power factor angle and the output voltage can be smoothly controlled from zero to full supply voltage. The circuit has inherently fast response and the high-frequency ripple at the output is easily filtered. The development, study, and experimental evaluation of the circuit with resistive and induction motor loads is described.     

A method for improving the energy efficiency of an alternating current electric locomotive in the regenerative braking mode

A method for improving the power factor of an ac locomotive with the commutator motor operating in the regenerative braking mode is proposed. The method improves the control system algorithm of the power converter. The new switching method of inverter thyristors regulates the curve of the instantaneous power during the main switching. It allows reducing the period in which the energy flow passes to the locomotive, leading an increase in the average value of the instantaneous power. A “traction substation–electric traction network–locomotive in the regenerative braking mode” mathematical model is presented to verify efficiency of the method. The model consists of several interacting electric power substations, a section of electric traction grid, a locomotive power transformer, a four-zone inverter, a control system of reversible converter, and a dc circuit. The model is realized in the OrCAD software.     

一种大容量开关电源并联系统均流技术的研究

提出了一种按平均电流值自动均流的实用电路。其中开关电源模块采用电压和电流控制的双回路控制模式,使得输出电流得到有效控制,从而使开关电源的各模块达到均流的目的,提高了整个电源系统的可靠性,具有一定的实用性。     

对1000kV电网操作过电压及相位控制高压断路器的讨论

根据500kV及750kV电网操作过电压的数据以及1000kV电网应有的过电压水平,指出了对于1000kV电网断路器关合开断可能引起的多种操作过电压(如开断并联电抗器及开断中小短路电流的的重燃过电压等)必须给予重视.近年来国外用以抑制操作过电压的装置除并联电阻的高压断路器及氧化锌避雷器以外,相位控制高压断路器日益得以广泛应用.文章介绍了国外相控高压断路器的应用情况,总结了相控高压断路器的关键技术,并对将其应用于我国1000kV电网提出了几点建议.     

Implementation of active power filter with asymmetrical inverter legs for harmonic and reactive power compensation

An asymmetrical voltage source inverter is proposed to operate as an active power filter to eliminate harmonics and compensate reactive power drawn from the nonlinear loads such that a sinusoidal line current is drawn from the ac source. Two inverter legs are used in the adopted circuit configuration. One inverter leg is operated in the line frequency and the other leg is operated in the high switching frequency to track the compensated current command. In the proposed control scheme, a voltage compensator, a carrier-based current controller and a proportional integral-based dc link controller are used to achieve balanced capacitor voltages, to track line current and to obtain a constant dc bus voltage, respectively. Based on the pulse-width modulation (PWM) control scheme, a three-level voltage pattern is generated on the ac terminal of the inverter. Computer simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the control scheme.     

HVDC tapping using soft switching techniques

Contents  Soft switching techniques have been applied to develop a novel dc/dc power converter for feeding small loads (under 5 MW) with low cost and high reliability, from HVDC transmission lines. This dc/dc converter is connected in series with a pole of the HVDC transmission line. It drains energy to a dc capacitor through an air-core transformer. From this dc capacitor, a voltage-source converter may be directly connected to supply ac loads. This HVDC tap can supply high quality ac power to isolated areas, with or without ac power generation. The controller of the HVDC tap is independent from the master control of the HVDC link. It does not need any communication channel to the control of the main HVDC converter stations. Simulation results have revealed that the proposed HVDC tap can be a very good option for feeding small loads along the HVDC transmission line. It generates high quality ac voltage and is extremely robust. Received: 26 July 2000     

Dynamic model of direct matrix converter and its experimental validation

Power electronics is a major candidate in the ongoing research of electrical power grids because they can provide better control with more information (voltage ratio, efficiency, power flow direction, etc.) than the all‐passive solutions such as transformers and so forth. Power electronic transformer has the possibility to replace the conventional one by ac/ac matrix converter with high‐frequency compact electronic transformers. In this work, a dynamic model of matrix converter is studied and issues such as efficiency, voltage ratio limitation, and transient behavior are discussed and the equivalent numerical calculations are presented. Moreover, an experimental converter is built to validate the numerical results and also to describe the switching frequency impact on the operation. It is concluded that the control creates voltage ratio saturation and high‐switching frequency results in lower efficiency values. On the other hand, efficiency can be increased by using resonances of the circuit, which can also provide higher operating frequencies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

保安母线电源自切回路的优化

针对华能上海石洞口第二发电厂的厂用系统 40 0 V保安母线电源自切控制回路 ,存在开关控制回路或开关辅助接点经常发生故障 ,若运行方式改变或开关在检修状态时 ,不能实现自动切换 ,以及无直流电源监视等缺陷 ,进行深入的分析并找出原因。根据实际运行情况加装了双位置继电器、位置选择开关和直流电源监视继电器 ,完善了保安母线电源的自切回路 ,提高了保安母线供电的可靠性     

Design and Development of Low-Cost and High-Efficiency Variable-Speed Drive System With Switched Reluctance Motor

Low-cost switched-reluctance-motor (SRM) drive systems are actively sought for high-efficiency home appliances and power tools. Minimizing the number of switching devices has been in power converters that is the main method to reduce drive costs. Single-switch-per-phase converters have been cost effective due to the compactness of the converter package resulting in a possible reduction in their cost. However, some of the single-switch-per-phase converters have the drawbacks that include higher losses and low-system efficiency. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the choice narrows down to the split ac converter through the quantitative analysis in terms of device ratings, cost, switching losses, conduction losses, and converter efficiency. Simulations to verify the characteristics of the converter circuit and control feasibility are presented. The motor drive is realized with a novel two-phase flux-reversal-free-stator SRM and a split ac converter. The efficiency with various loads is numerically estimated and experimentally compared from the viewpoint of subsystem and system in details. The acoustic noise with no load and full load is also compared. The focus of this paper is to compare the considered split ac converter to the asymmetric converter through experiments and demonstrate that the split ac converter is the most advantageous with respect to cost, efficiency, and acoustic noise     

磁悬浮轴承并联谐振直流环节开关功率放大器

为克服磁悬浮轴承开关功率放大器工作在硬开关状态时存在的开关损耗和电流纹波干扰严重的缺点,提出一种磁悬浮轴承并联谐振直流环节的软开关功率放大器电路。该电路在功率放大器三电平控制策略的基础上应用了并联谐振直流环节,保持了三电平功率放大器输出电流纹波小的优点,同时功率器件均工作在零电压或零电流条件下,开关损耗、电流纹波干扰有效地减小。详细分析并联谐振直流环节的软开关功率放大器电路工作过程,并进行仿真和样机实验。实验结果证明所提出电路是可行有效的。     

微机控制晶闸管投切电容器无功补偿装置

微机控制晶闸管投切电容器补偿装置以80C320单片机为控制核心,采用新颖的快速无功功率检测方法和独特的晶闸管控制技术,实现了对多组电容器快速自动分级投切,可满足低压配电网基波无功补偿的快速性和实时性要求。介绍了该装置主回路控制方式和控制电路构成,并通过模拟负荷投切试验中的有关数据验证了其投切的正确性。     

并联型高频开关直流电源的系统设计

随着模块化电源系统的发展,开关电源并联技术的重要性日见重要。本文介绍一种新型并联型高频开关电源整流模块的系统设计方案,并对开关电源的驱动电路、缓冲电路、控制电路及主要磁元件进行优化设计。控制电路以UC3525为核心,构成电流内环、电压外环的双环控制模式,实现系统稳压和限流。并且通过小信号模型分析,对电压电流环PI调节器进行设计。     

一种新型稳压电源的研制

针对目前交流稳压电源开关器件多,电路控制复杂的缺点,提出了一种新型单极性交流稳压斩波电路拓扑结构.该电路结构及其摔制方式简单,动态响应快;所用开关器件少,谐波含量小,可靠性高;滤波电容和电感容量小,输出精度高.通过采用PWM斩波控制方式,使系统侧功率因数接近于1.良好的仿真和样机实验结果表明该装置具有较大的实用价值.     

Fault-tolerant switched capacitor–based boost multilevel inverter

This paper proposes a fault-tolerant switched capacitor (SC)–based boost multilevel inverter. The proposed inverter is able to convert a low-level dc voltage into a desired ac output voltage in single-stage power conversion. It can accomplish a high voltage gain by using multiple SC cells arrangement at reduced voltage stresses on the switching devices and passive circuit elements in the boost network. The principle of operation and steady-state analysis of the proposed topology are presented to formulate the mathematical relationship between input dc and output ac voltage. In addition to that, the proposed inverter can also provide reliable electrical power supply at prescribed ac output voltage in the event of open-circuit failure of power switches. The fault tolerability is realized by reconfiguring the pulse width modulation (PWM) control scheme, whereas the reduction in output voltage is compensated by the boosting characteristic of the inverter. The effectiveness of the proposed inverter has been compared with other impedance source multilevel inverters in terms of voltage gain, boosting capability, and voltage stresses. A laboratory prototype of the proposed inverter is developed for experimentation, and its operation is validated by simulation and experimental results.