液压胶管加压盐溶连续硫化工艺介绍

液压胶管加压盐浴连续硫化工艺（ＰＬＣＶ）是液压胶管连续化生产工艺的重大突破。它与胶管的包铅硫化工艺相比具有节约能源、缩短生产周期、产品质量好等优点，尤其是产品的脉冲次数得到很大的提高。本工艺无铅污染、废水经化学处理可达到排放要求。英国通用工程有限公司推出的ＰＬＣＶ ｏｎｏｔｕｂｅ系统，是目前世界上生产液压胶管的最佳选择。我国于１９８２年也开发了此工艺。     

加压盐浴连续硫化

加压盐浴连续硫化（简称ＰＬＣＶ）是在具有５０多年液压胶管生产中的重大突破。ＰＬＣＶ与传统的包铅硫化方法相比具有效率高，节省能源，加工过程简单，产品质量高和成本费用低等优点。     

加压盐浴连续硫化

加压盐浴连续硫化(简称 PLCV)是50多年液压胶管生产的重大突破。与传统的包铅硫化方法相比具有效率高,节省能源,加工过程简单,产品质量高和成本费用低等优点。     

汽车用胶管的技术进展

介绍汽车用胶管的技术进展。汽车用胶管是品种多、使用材料广的复合结构橡胶制品，胶层主体材料主要为NBR、CR、EPDM、氢化丁腈橡胶、氯醚橡胶、氯化聚乙烯橡胶、卤化丁基橡胶、氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶、氟橡胶和硅橡胶等，增强材料主要为聚酯、锦纶和芳纶等。橡塑和全塑燃油软管的应用已较广泛。空调胶管多设置聚酰胺防渗层。125℃级散热器胶管胶料采用EPDM／硫黄硫化体系配合，150℃级散热器胶管胶料采用EPDM／过氧化物硫化体系配合。我国散热器胶管（主要为125℃级产品）已多用针织法生产。制动胶管最好采用用过氧化物硫化、少用或不用软化剂的EPDM内层胶。为适应无铅化要求，胶管胶料要采用无铅配合剂和用包塑硫化工艺替代包铅硫化工艺。     

胶管蒸汽管道连续硫化生产线

介绍了胶管蒸汽管道连续硫化生产线的结构、性能特点和工艺流程,还对生产线中的主要设备功能和主要参数进行了具体介绍。胶管蒸汽管道连续硫化生产线可用于各种胶管内外胶的挤出和连续硫化。该生产线采用软芯法生产工艺,饱和蒸汽作硫化介质,冷喂料挤出机挤出,并设置了控制系统,从而提高了生产效率,保证了胶管的质量,并降低了劳动强度     

橡胶软管制造工艺综述

胶管的生产、制造,目前虽然还多数沿用传统的生产设备和工艺方法,但近20年来胶管的工艺和装备有了很大的发展和提高,向机械化、连续化生产和自动化方向迈进,高速精密钢丝缠绕机旋转式钢丝/纱线编织机、包树脂机、尼龙水布带缠解机、自动厚度/直径测量/控制装置、连续硫化装置等相继投入使用,极大地提高了胶管的生产速度、精度和质量,综述了橡胶软管制造工艺方面的技术及进展。     

硫化胶管用卧式硫化罐

WSF工业公司生产的卧式硫化罐的特点是硫化罐上装有2个能迅速进行开、闭的门。该硫化罐是专为车胶管硫化而设计的。其罐体为碳钢结构，采用PLC控制，硫化罐长22’．其内径为60”。据该公司称，该硫化罐的硫化温度为176．7℃，操作压力为5670Pa罐门关闭是全直径关闭，并通过密封装置密封。罐门联锁装置可以阻止作业开始，直至罐门锁紧为止。     

湖北胶管生产新工艺获突破

武汉市科技局组织专家对武汉市橡胶工业总公司、湖北楚天管件制造有限公司联合研究的胶管生产新工艺进行了鉴定。专家们认为，该工艺创新性地采用了热油循环、热空气硫化新工艺，突破了橡胶工业中传统的直接蒸汽硫化工艺，产品达到了国外同类产品的先进水平。     

新型隔离剂在橡胶管带生产中的应用

介绍新型有机硅乳液隔离剂在夹布胶管、埋吸胶管、钢丝编织胶管、输送带、Ｖ型带（三角带）等橡胶制品生产中的应用。     

轮胎罐式硫化过程PLC自动控制

轮胎罐式硫化过程ＰＬＣ自动控制赵成民（江苏轮胎厂２２１００５）轮胎的罐式硫化工艺至今仍在不少厂家使用。其突出特点就是产量高、效益好，不足之处在于以手控方式生产，质量不够稳定。对罐式硫化工艺进行自动化改造，可以避免人为因素的影响，减少工况不稳的负作用。...     

Mechanisms Governing Anaphylaxis: Inflammatory Cells,Mediators, Endothelial Gap Junctions and Beyond

Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute, life-threatening multisystem allergic reaction resulting from the release of a plethora of mediators from mast cells culminating in serious respiratory, cardiovascular and mucocutaneous manifestations that can be fatal. Medications, foods, latex, exercise, hormones (progesterone), and clonal mast cell disorders may be responsible. More recently, novel syndromes such as delayed reactions to red meat and hereditary alpha tryptasemia have been described. Anaphylaxis manifests as sudden onset urticaria, pruritus, flushing, erythema, angioedema (lips, tongue, airways, periphery), myocardial dysfunction (hypovolemia, distributive or mixed shock and arrhythmias), rhinitis, wheezing and stridor. Vomiting, diarrhea, scrotal edema, uterine cramps, vaginal bleeding, urinary incontinence, dizziness, seizures, confusion, and syncope may occur. The traditional (or classical) pathway is mediated via T cells, Th2 cytokines (such as IL-4 and 5), B cell production of IgE and subsequent crosslinking of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils by IgE-antigen complexes, culminating in mast cell and basophil degranulation. Degranulation results in the release of preformed mediators (histamine, heparin, tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin G and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and of de novo synthesized ones such as lipid mediators (cysteinyl leukotrienes), platelet activating factor (PAF), cytokines and growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Of these, histamine, tryptase, cathepsin G, TNF-α, LTC₄, PAF and VEGF can increase vascular permeability. Recent data suggest that mast cell-derived histamine and PAF can activate nitric oxide production from endothelium and set into motion a signaling cascade that leads to dilatation of blood vessels and dysfunction of the endothelial barrier. The latter, characterized by the opening of adherens junctions, leads to increased capillary permeability and fluid extravasation. These changes contribute to airway edema, hypovolemia, and distributive shock, with potentially fatal consequences. In this review, besides mechanisms (endotypes) underlying IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, we also provide a brief overview of IgG-, complement-, contact system-, cytokine- and mast cell-mediated reactions that can result in phenotypes resembling IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Such classifications can lead the way to precision medicine approaches to the management of this complex disease.     

Hydrocarbon components of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly sex pheromone

The primary sex pheromone of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly,Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), was found to include a series of straight-chain hydrocarbon dienes, all with the double bonds in the 9 and 19 positions and all with the (Z, Z) configuration. The major components, of 29, 31, 33, 35, and 37 carbon atoms, were synthesized. In the field and the greenhouse, the synthetic dienes were far above control levels in activity but, at least during the first hours of bioassay, were somewhat less active than the female-derived materials on a weight basis. In the field, a mixture of all five synthetic dienes, in the proportions found in the females, was more attractive than any single one, on a mole basis. In addition, (Z, Z)-9,19 dienes of 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, and 39 carbons have been detected in females in minor amounts. The first five were bioassayed, and each was found to be similar in activity to the 35-carbon component when compared on a weight basis. The synthetic dienes, while active by themselves, were strongly synergized by two, more polar, Florisil fractions derived from females. Experimental design considerations are discussed.     

Organokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Critical Review

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. Organokines can produce beneficial or harmful effects in this condition. Among RA patients, organokines have been associated with increased inflammation and cartilage degradation due to augmented cytokines and metalloproteinases production, respectively. This study aimed to perform a review to investigate the role of adipokines, osteokines, myokines, and hepatokines on RA progression. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched, and 18 studies were selected, comprising more than 17,000 RA patients. Changes in the pattern of organokines secretion were identified, and these could directly or indirectly contribute to aggravating RA, promoting articular alterations, and predicting the disease activity. In addition, organokines have been implicated in higher radiographic damage, immune dysregulation, and angiogenesis. These can also act as RA potent regulators of cells proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, controlling osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts as well as immune cells chemotaxis to RA sites. Although much is already known, much more is still unknown, principally about the roles of organokines in the occurrence of RA extra-articular manifestations.     

Field evidence of synergism and inhibition in the sesiidae sex pheromone system

The E,Z, Z,Z, and Z,E geometric isomers of 3,13 octadecadien-1-ol acetate were used singly and in binary combinations to trap sesiids in Wisconsin cherry orchards. The Z,E isomer alone did not capture any sesiids. A synergistic effect, however, of Z,E onSynanthedon pictipes response to its pheromone E,Z was demonstrated for the first time. Strong inhibitory effects of the Z,Z isomer onS. pictipes response to E,Z, and of the E,Z isomer onS. scitula response to Z,Z, were found. As little as 0.5% of Z,Z in E,Z completely inhibited theS. pictipes response. This species' response was also reduced by 85% when Z,Z was evaporated at 4 points, each ca. 6 m from the pheromone trap. Consistencies and discrepancies of the data with relevant experimental results from other geographical areas are briefly discussed.Lepidoptera: Sesiidae (=Aegeriidae), the clearwing moths.Research supported by the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, and by the Wisconsin Red Tart Cherry Ind. Market. Order.     

Soil nutrient depletion by agricultural production in Southern Mali

The degree of soil mining by agricultural production in Southern Mali is assessed by calculating nutrient balances: differences between the amount of plant nutrients exported from the cultivated fields, and those added to the fields. Export processes include extraction by crops, losses due to leaching, to erosion, and to volatilization and denitrification. Inputs include applications of fertilizer and manure, restitution of crop residues, nitrogen fixation, atmospheric deposition of nutrients in rain and dust, and enrichment by weathering of soil minerals. Nutrient balances are calculated for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. Both pessimistic and optimistic estimates are given.The resulting figures indicate, even when the most optimistic estimates are used, large deficits for nitrogen, potassium and magnesium. For the region as a whole, the calculated deficits are -25 kg N/ha,-20 kg K/ha, and -5 kg Mg/ha. Further, acidification is to be expected, in particular in areas where cotton is grown. The deficits are caused by traditional cereal crops, but also by cotton and especially by groundnut. The latter two crops are fertilized, but insufficiently. It is important to note, that the negative figures are not automatic recommendations for application of a specific amount of additional fertilizer. For phosphorus and calcium the balance of the region as a whole appears to be about in equilibrium, but locally large variations may occur.Erosion and denitrification are important causes of nutrient loss, accounting respectively for 17 and 22% of total nitrogen exports. Atmospheric deposition and weathering of minerals in the soil are still important nutrient inputs that contribute as much as nutrients as organic and mineral fertilizer combined. Nutrient depletion is very large in comparison to the amount of fertilizer applied. Drastic options, such as doubling the application of fertilizer or manure, or halving erosion losses, even if feasible, would still not be enough to make up for the calculated deficits.The annual value of withdrawn nutrients, if related to prices of fertilizers, varies between 10,000 and 15,000 FCFA/ha (40-60 US $/ha). Since the estimated average gross margin from farming in this area is 34,000 FCFA/ha (123 US $/ha), soil mining appears to provide an amount equal to 40% of farmers' total income from agricultural activities.     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定唇膏中4种金属的含量

唇膏经微波消解,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定样品中铅、锰、铬、镉的含量。在优化的仪器工作条件下,质量浓度分别在32.0、8.0、8.0、8.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为4.2、3.5、2.3、2.5μg/L,测得回收率在98%~103%之间,精密度分别为4.1%、3.6%、3.9%、2.7%。     

陶瓷名物探源二则

匋、陶、窑(窯)上古皆读成舌头音,意义又相通,实际为一个意义上先后产生的几个形体不同的字,先民以陶(匋)既称呼窑灶,又指窑灶出品之物,又指制作陶器;坏(坯)、瓶、瓬、瓿、甂、缶、钵、皿、杯(盃)、盆(瓫)均指窑灶所出之物或后世模仿窑灶出品之物,其字皆由重唇音演变而来,亦为同胞兄弟的同源词。     

典型过程强化技术在纳米材料制备中的应用进展

纳米材料被誉为21世纪的新材料,广泛应用于化工、电子、国防、陶瓷等领域.传统的纳米材料制备方法面临粒径控制较困难、批次间重复性差,存在放大效应等不足.过程强化技术是化学工程学科的研究前沿和热点方向之一,旨在通过在生产过程中采用新工艺、新设备等手段,实现缩减操作单元、减小设备体积、提高生产能力及能量利用效率的目的,是实现...     

木质素纳米颗粒的制备及其功能化应用研究进展

木质素是一种天然生物质资源,来源广泛,成本低廉。近年来,利用纳米技术将木质素制备成木质素功能化纳米颗粒极大推动了木质素的利用,同时显著解决了传统材料无法解决的突出问题。详细介绍了木质素功能化纳米颗粒的自组装法、机械法、聚合组装法、冻干炭化法等制备方法及其在催化剂、助剂、吸附剂、紫外防护和抗氧化、抗菌、载体材料、聚集诱导发光材料等领域的应用研究,展望了木质素纳米颗粒的应用前景。指出实现木质素纳米颗粒的可控制备、功能化修饰,将有利于推动木质素功能化纳米颗粒在环保、能源、催化和生物医学等领域的进一步应用。     

明胶分子量分布测定和表征的研究进展(二)

<正> 6.SDS—PAGE(十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯 酰胺凝胶电泳)法 从1959年Raymond和1964年Davis用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶分离人血清蛋白成功后,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳得到了广泛的发展,成为分离、分析蛋白质、核酸类生物