基于高阶结构约束的稀疏人脸识别算法

为了挖掘人脸稀疏表示的高阶结构信息,从而获得更精确的人脸分类判别信息,提出一种新的基于高阶结构约束的稀疏表示的人脸识别算法。在提取人脸图像的Gabor特征后,选取适当的训练样本构建稀疏线性编码模型,利用样本特征间的高阶结构信息约束和最优化求解测试样本的稀疏系数,将稀疏系数作为最终特征对人脸进行识别,实验结果表明,与结构约束稀疏表示和非结构约束稀疏表示的方法比较,人脸的高阶结构稀疏表示能显著提高人脸的识别准确率。     

基于PCA特征基压缩传感算法的人脸识别

针对人脸识别对遮挡、表情和光照的鲁棒性问题,提出基于PCA特征基压缩传感算法的人脸识别方法。利用双向二维主成分分析提取图像行列2个方向的特征并进行降维,建立反映人脸特征投影矩阵,作为压缩传感算法的超完备基。通过求解最小化l1范数,寻求图像在该超完备基上的稀疏表示,以得到一组最优稀疏系数重构各类图像,求取测试图像与各类重构图像的最小残差进行分类识别。实验结果表明,该方法在较低的人脸特征维数下具有较高的人脸识别率,能有效提高人脸识别对遮挡、表情和光照的鲁棒性。     

曲率与小波轮廓增强的人脸识别算法

为了克服非约束性变化条件下人脸识别率降低的弊端,提出一种曲率与小波轮廓增强的人脸识别算法。首先建立结构控制函数,通过水平集曲率检测人脸图像的整体结构,并建立融合轮廓分布模型,得到融合分布图像。然后用小波增强融合分布图像,得到轮廓和整体结构增强的图像,在此基础上,用主成分分析(PCA)算法对上述增强图像进行特征提取。最后通过稀疏表示(SRC)判断测试图像所属的类。实验结果表明,在ORL数据库的基础上,与PCA识别算法、SRC识别算法以及PCA与SRC相结合(PCA&SRC)的识别算法相比,该算法在非约束条件下识别率最高,鲁棒性得到增强。     

融合整体与局部特征的低秩松弛协作表示

目前的人脸识别算法经常忽视训练过程中噪声的影响,训练数据受到污染时识别性能会明显下降.针对该问题,提出了融合整体与局部特征的低秩松弛协作表示的人脸识别算法.通过低秩分解抑制训练样本的稀疏噪声,得到更加有效的人脸信息.利用松弛协作表示得到判别性更强的编码系数,增强人脸识别系统的判别性.为进一步提高识别率,提取局部特征的同时引入整体特征,运用整体特征和局部特征共同表示人脸图像.实验结果表明,尽管训练过程、测试过程都受到噪声污染,提出的算法对有光照、遮挡及表情变化的正面人脸图像的识别具有很好的鲁棒性,比现有的识别算法拥有更高的识别率.     

基于改进的RPCA人脸识别算法

针对人脸识别中存在遮挡、光照、表情变化等问题,提出了一种基于改进的鲁棒主成分分析的人脸识别算法,它利用人脸的稀疏误差成分准确判断出人脸图像之间的差异。该算法首先对人脸进行低秩恢复,得到表示人脸普通特征的低秩分量和描述人脸差分信息的稀疏误差分量,然后定义稀疏度和平滑度两种描述符来表示稀疏误差分量的特征,最后联合上述两种描述符对人脸图像进行分类判别。实验结果表明,在光照条件和遮挡区域随机的情况下,提出的采用误差图像进行分类判别的算法在处理遮挡、光照、表情变化等人脸识别问题上均具有优越的识别性能。     

基于分类稀疏表示的人脸表情识别

为挖掘不同人脸表情图像的统计特性差异,提出一种基于分类稀疏表示的表情识别算法。首先通过对不同类别表情图像的字典学习,构建满足各类表情图像统计特性的基函数子集,进而采用Lasso算法获得表情图像在由基函数集所张成特征子空间中的稀疏表示,最后通过比较表情图像在各基函数子集上的重构误差实现不同表情的分类识别。基于JAFFE人脸表情数据库的实验结果表明,该算法可以有效克服人脸身份对表情识别的影响,具有较高的表情识别率和鲁棒性。     

一种鲁棒稀疏表示的单样本人脸识别算法

稀疏表示在人脸识别问题上取得了非常优秀的识别结果,但在单样本条件下,算法性能下降严重。为提高单样本条件下稀疏表示的应用能力,提出一种鲁棒稀疏表示单样本人脸识别算法(RSR)。通过使用每张人脸图像创建一组位置图像,扩充每个对象训练样本,并利用L2,1范数约束,保证RSR选择正确对象的位置图像。在AR和Extended Yale B人脸数据库上进行评测,实验结果表明RSR能够有效处理存在遮挡或光照变化的人脸图像,获得了较好的单样本人脸识别准确率,具有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于子空间追踪的人脸识别

针对现有的基于稀疏表示的人脸识别方法没有更新优化选择的原子的问题,提出一种基于子空间追踪的人脸识别方法。在稀疏编码过程中的原子选择步骤中,引入回溯迭代优化思想和多原子选择方案,通过移除可信度较低的原子来更新优化候选支撑向量中选择的原子,使选择的原子与待识别人脸图像具有最相似的结构,从而在该原子上的稀疏编码系数具有较好的人脸重构能力。实验证明,与基于正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法和基于OMP-cholesky算法的人脸识别相比,该算法在ORL和Yale B人脸数据库上的算法复杂度较低且识别率均提高了约5%。     

融合约束采样和面部对齐的稀疏表示人脸识别

针对传统的稀疏表示分类算法中面部对齐受限而影响人脸识别率的问题,提出一种基于约束采样和面部对齐的稀疏表示分类算法。首先通过使用约束采样对训练图像进行预先标注得到固定脸特征;然后结合图像的纹理信息和形状特征进行面部对齐及特征提取;最后计算出测试样本与各个训练样本之间的相似度,利用稀疏表示分类器完成人脸的识别。在AR、CAS-PEAL及扩展YaleB人脸数据库上的实验验证了算法的有效性及鲁棒性。实验结果表明,约束采样和面部对齐的组合大大提高了人脸识别率,相比几种较为先进的鲁棒人脸识别算法,该算法取得了更好的识别效果。     

基于非负稀疏表示的人脸识别

对稀疏表示在人脸识别中的应用进行了研究,提出了人脸识别的非负稀疏表示方法和采样方法.提出了非负稀疏表示的乘性迭代算法,分析了该方法与非负矩阵分解的联系,设计了基于非负稀疏表示的分类算法.在仿射传播算法的基础上,提出了人脸数据集的采样方法,并在人脸图像集上进行了实验.与稀疏表示相比,非负稀疏表示在计算复杂度和鲁棒性上具有优越性;与随机采样方法相比,该采样方法具有较高的识别精度.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.