利于集成且对杂散电容抑制性极佳的开关电容型滤波器

采用单位缓冲器设计对杂散电容不灵敏的开关电容(SC)频率相关负电阻(FDNR)元件,利用该元件对椭园函数式LC低通滤波器进行SC模拟。为了获得电容最佳值,提出了一种简单的最优化方法。并采用寄生电阻预畸变与SC负电阻相结合的办法,设计的SC滤波器对杂散电容不灵敏,且电路简单。本文采用分立元件制作了一个五阶椭园低通SC-FDNR滤波器,实验结果表明该方法实用可行,效果明显。     

基于“负参数”理论的EMI滤波器寄生参数的双重消除

EMI滤波器是抑制传导电磁干扰的有效器件,但分立元件的自有寄生参数对其高频段性能有重要影响。本文利用两个同侧耦合电感器等效出"负电感"和在电感器中心处连接电容器等效出"负电容"的方法,消除滤波器中的寄生电感和寄生电容。为有效控制二次寄生参数对消除效果的影响,设计了一种新型平面"消除器"和双线并绕串联结构的电感器,其中前者为上、下交错排列的PCB导线构成的圆形线圈,采用3D有限元法计算了两交错线圈的互感,为设计该类消除器提供了一种数值计算方法;后者通过高耦合度的线圈中间节点与地之间接一4倍于寄生电容的电容器,可有效消除电感器的一次及二次寄生电容。将此类具有消除器的元件应用于EMI共模滤波器,以此消除对应的寄生参数,实验表明滤波器的高频性能得到了明显改善。     

一种基于FTFN电流模式N阶高通滤波器的综合设计

提出了一种基于四端浮地零器(Four Terminal Floating Nullor,简称FTFN)的高阶电流模式滤波器综合设计方法。通过对n阶高阶电流模式滤波器传递函数进行分析,将其分解成用积分器实现的表达式,可实现高阶电流模式滤波器的综合。由该方法导出的滤波器所需元件较少,n阶滤波器仅需n个接地电容,外加n+1个FTFN和接地电阻,便于集成且与VLSI工艺兼容。给出了5阶巴特沃斯高通滤波器的设计实例,得出PSPICE仿真结果与理论分析相吻合,验证了该方法的可行性。     

微型化低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)双工器设计

对移动通信用片式LTCC双工器进行了研究。双工器的两个分支为LC结构的低通滤波器(LPF)和高通滤波器(HPF)。仿真结果表明,采用在低通和高通滤波器分支中引入串联谐振点的方法,可以在两个通道之间形成高的隔离度。对内埋元件等效电路的分析表明,可以用电感的寄生电容替换电路原理图中的一个电容,从而减少整个电路中所需内埋元件的数目。设计了一款用于AMPS/PCS频段的双工器,其尺寸仅为2.0×1.25×1.0mm3,具有优良的电气性能。     

LCL型有源滤波器采样延时补偿策略及阻抗分析

有源电力滤波器（APF）是消除电网谐波质量问题的主要途径之一,而LCL是目前APF连接电网的常用滤波器。为抑制LCL滤波器所引发的谐振问题,基于电容电流反馈的有源阻尼是常用的手段。有源阻尼可有效抑制LCL滤波器引起的谐振,在模拟控制下可等效为并联在滤波电容上的电阻。但因电容电流采样滞后,将使该虚拟电阻阻值为负,呈现负阻尼特性,反而影响系统稳定性。为此,从预测占空比的角度对该问题进行了研究,分别提出了三种针对电容电流采样滞后补偿方法。针对每一种方法计算系统传递函数,并就其对应的虚拟阻抗进行分析。从结果可以看出第二种补偿方法效果最好。最后,以三相LCL型有源电力滤波器为例,通过仿真和实验验证此控制器的可行性。     

基于柔性多层金属箔的单相全集成EMI滤波器建模、分析与设计

在电力电子变换器高频化发展的驱动下,电磁干扰(electromagnetic interference,EMI)问题更加凸显。因此,EMI滤波器成为了电力电子系统的重要组成部分,其优化设计对未来工业应用有着深远影响。文中以SiC-MOSFET单相逆变器为设计对象,研究一种基于UU型磁芯和柔性多层金属箔(flexible multi-layer foils,FMLFs)的EMI滤波器全集成设计方案。FMLFs由电气层、电介质层及绝缘层构成,通过合理设计FMLFs绕组结构及适当安排其端口接线方式,可将EMI滤波器的所有滤波元件集成在一个磁芯单元。以共模(common-mode,CM)滤波元件集成设计为基础,本研究根据不同的差模(differential-mode,DM)衰减需求依次设计3种EMI滤波器全集成结构——CM电感&电容型、CM电感&电容-DM电容型及CM电感&电容-DM电感&电容型。在Maxwell-ANSYS环境下,利用有限元仿真对所设计方案进行可行性分析。最后,通过实验测试验证该方案的可行性和有效性。     

椭圆形平面无源集成EMI滤波器的特性研究

为了减小开关电源的体积,提高功率密度,提出一种椭圆形平面LC线圈结构的平面无源集成电磁干扰EMI(electromagnetic interference)滤波器。通过对矩形、椭圆形平面LC线圈进行有限元仿真,对比其综合因素确定了椭圆形平面LC线圈作为EMI滤波器的基本组成单元,并基于该结构实现了无源集成EMI滤波器。在考虑共模电感的寄生电容和共模电容的寄生电感以及它们的等效电阻情况下,建立了平面无源集成EMI滤波器的高频等效电路模型;利用二端口网络A参数矩阵推导了插入损耗的计算公式。仿真和实验表明了该结构的有效性,以及高频模型和插入损耗公式的正确性。     

寄生参数效应的共模扼流圈集中参数建模

为分析传导EMI用共模扼流圈寄生参数的效应和预测EMI滤波器的高频特征,需要建立其寄生参数的模型,为此提出了基于阻抗测量实现共模扼流圈集中参数的建模方法,模型包括共模电感、漏感、绕组寄生电容等参数。基于阻抗测量,阐述求解寄生电容的基本原理;运用电路等效原理,将磁心的损耗等效为电阻的损耗,经适当简化,该电阻仅是频率的函数,将非线性的磁心损耗用一个与频率有关的电阻元件来等效,适合于电路的设计和仿真。最后通过样品实验,用所提出的方法建立了共模扼流圈的高频模型。     

应用于平面EMI滤波器集成LC元件寄生电容的提取

为有效预估和分析平面EMI滤波器的高频特性,必须考虑平面电感的寄生电容对滤波器高频性能的影响.本文分别建立了应用于平面EMI滤波器集成LC元件的2D和3D有限元静电场模型来计算各匝间的寄生电容,由此得到PCB导线组成的多匝平面绕组的集总参数模型,进一步得到平面绕组的等效并联电容.讨论了介电常数对匝间电容的影响,并分析了...     

一种虚拟电阻并联电容有源阻尼法

传统的PWM整流器每相通过一个L滤波器接入电网,L滤波器用来滤除开关频率谐波。然而,若用LCL滤波器代替L滤波器接入电网可以利用较小的电容电感值,达到较好的滤波效果。但是LCL滤波器在高频下会产生谐振,影响系统的稳定性。基于虚拟电阻的概念,本文采用一种新的电容并联电阻的虚拟电阻有源阻尼法并分析了该方法的阻尼原理,推算了其功率损耗函数和纹波衰减函数,首次提出通过纹波衰减函数的博德图分析阻尼方法的有效性,仿真和实验结果证明了该方法的可行性。     

Design of switched-capacitor elements with voltage inverter switches for the simulation of FDNR Reference Structures

A number of new elements for switched-capacitor filters based on voltage inverter switches will be described. the new circuits simulate elements which are obtained from the normally used ones by FDNR transformation. They are insensitive to bottom plate parasitics and the influence of the to plate parasitics can be reduced. No matching is required between any capacitors in the SC circuit, so that the same low sensitivity to element variation holds as for the reference structure. These new elements allow realization of some further filter structures.     

Design of current‐mode MOSFET‐C filters using OTRAs

In this paper, third‐order current‐mode MOSFET‐C filters that use operational transresistance amplifiers (OTRAs) with little parasitic capacitance effects are presented. On the basis of the proposed systematic method and design procedure, we can efficiently synthesize third‐order active filters with OTRAs along with simplified MOSFET resistor circuits, and all virtually grounded capacitors. Third‐order current‐mode Chebychev low‐pass and high‐pass filters are realized to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis. Experimental results employing commercially available current feedback amplifiers are also given. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On a family of new two-op-amp switched-capacitor biquads for high-frequency applications

This paper presents three novel biquads derived by applying the concept of so-called basic elements for switched-capacitor (SC) circuits. These biquads are without continuous feedback and comprise two op-amps. They were derived assuming a transfer function denominator of the same form as the Fleischer-Laker type E circuit. It is shown that by a simple modification of the switching arrangement, i.e. by changing the type of the basic SC element, the effect of the amplifier finite gain on the performance of SC filters can be significantly reduced. the efficiency of this approach has been established by extensive simulation studies using the dedicated symbolic analysis program SCYMBAL. Design equations and comparison with already known biquads of this type are presented. Examples are provided to demonstrate that the proposed circuits require a low total capacitance while finite-gain effects are considerably reduced.     

Technique and Calculation Results of Currents and Voltages in the Circuits of the Measuring Element of the Protection Device of the Transmission Line Based on the Control of Transient Processes

The specifics of generation of the signals of current and voltage in the circuits of a directional element of wave relay protection during short circuit (SC) in overhead power transmission lines are considered. The computing method of transient processes in the protection circuits, including frequency filters, that attenuate the parameters of currents and voltages of the mode taking into account the higher harmonic components and probable deviations of the frequency of transmission line from the rated value is presented. It is revealed that it is advisable to implement the measuring circuits of the directional elements of wave relay protection with the three-section filter attenuating the frequencies from 45 to 55 Hz and the low pass filter with cutoff frequency that does not exceed 1 kHz.     

HVDC换流系统屏蔽罩寄生电容提取

高压直流输电(HVDC)换流阀屏蔽罩的寄生电容对换流系统的宽频电路性能有重大影响,快速准确地提取屏蔽罩电容参数是目前HVDC国产化需要掌握的关键技术之一.将间接边界元方法用于换流阀屏蔽罩寄生电容参数的提取,从场分析角度,提出了用平面模拟倒角曲面的模型简化方法.针对国内某直流换流站,建立了屏蔽罩倒角和不倒角的仿真模型,对...     

利用平面线圈消除电容器寄生电感的影响

电容器是滤波器的重要组成部分,其寄生参数对高频滤波性能有重要影响。本文设计了一种新型的电容器寄生电感的"消除器",以消除电容器的寄生电感的影响,该"消除器"采用平面化的PCB线圈,其上下层绕组的交错排布,有效降低二次寄生电容。本文分析了寄生电感的消除原理及"消除器"的二次寄生电容问题;建立了其3D有限元模型,对"消除器"的参数进行了分析计算,计算与测量结果极好地吻合;将该类"消除器"应用于电容器寄生参数的抵消,实验表明电容器高频性能得到了明显改善。     

LFMCW雷达差频信号滤波电路设计

理想情况下LFMCW雷达差频信号在规则区内是标准正弦信号,但大量实测信号表明,差频信号中含有成分复杂的噪声信号,严重影响了雷达的测距精度.采用模拟滤波器,是滤除这些噪声信号最直接的办法.针对LFMCW雷达差频信号信号频带与噪声频带相近的特点,介绍了一种计算简单的模拟椭圆滤波器设计方法,分别设计了椭圆函数低通、高通滤波器,然后通过级联的方式构成带通滤波器.实测实验表明,该方法设计的带通滤波器可以有效地降低噪声干扰,提高LFMCW雷达差频信号质量.     

Universal current‐mode filters and parasitic impedance effects on the filter performances

In this letter, two universal current‐mode (CM) filters for simultaneously realizing low‐pass, band‐pass and high‐pass characteristics are proposed. Both of the presented filters can also realize notch and all‐pass responses with interconnection of the relevant output currents. They employ second‐generation current‐controlled conveyors (CCCIIs) and only grounded capacitors. They also have low active and passive element sensitivities along with electronically adjustable angular resonance frequency (ω₀) and quality factor (Q). Based on the first developed filter, the parasitic impedance effects of the conveyors on the filter performances are investigated in detail. Simulation results using SPICE simulation program are included to verify the theory. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.