基于RVM-CS的工程区地层渗透系数反演分析

为了准确确定工程区各地层渗透系数,基于相关向量机(RVM)与布谷鸟算法(CS)建立反演分析模型,对研究区域内各地层的渗透系数进行反演分析。首先,基于均匀设计法构造渗透系数组合,利用有限元计算测点水位值并生成RVM学习样本;随后,通过训练RVM构建渗透系数与水头之间的映射关系,使其能够代替有限元方法快速地完成渗流计算;最后,根据工程区钻孔的实测水位值,利用CS算法搜索确定区域内各地层的渗透系数。将建立的渗流反演模型应用于某大型抽水蓄能电站工程区的初始渗流场中,结果表明:所建立的渗流反演模型能够考虑多地层渗透系数和钻孔水头间的非线性,RVM能代替有限元模型,可快速、精确地确定渗透系数;此渗流反演模型在大型抽水蓄能电站工程区反演结果合理,精度满足工程要求。     

某船闸枢纽主要分区渗透参数敏感性及反演分析

渗透参数的确定是水利工程渗流分析的前提,而渗透参数反演是确定材料渗透系数的有效手段之一。为定量分析某船闸枢纽主要分区材料渗透系数对枢纽渗流场的影响,建立某大型船闸三维渗流有限元分析模型。以不同测点水头值为指标,设计以混凝土闸体、基岩、防渗帷幕和排水孔幕渗透系数为因素的三水平正交试验,开展各区渗透系数对船闸渗流场的敏感性分析,采取可变容差法反演确定主要分区材料渗透系数。结果表明：各分区渗透系数对测点水头的敏感性从高到低依次为帷幕、基岩、孔幕和混凝土,其中帷幕、基岩和孔幕的影响较为显著;反演时需重点关注帷幕和基岩等影响程度较大的分区渗透系数;反演计算值和实测值最大误差为2.37%,帷幕和基岩的渗透系数分别为3.04×10^-6和5.51×10^-6 cm/s,反演参数可用于该船闸枢纽渗流稳定分析,研究成果可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

三马山滑坡渗透系数反演分析

在水库岸坡渗流场及稳定性分析研究中,渗透系数的取值至关重要。采用Geo-studio二维有限元分析软件中的渗流分析模块Seep/w,对三峡库区三马山滑坡进行了渗透系数反演分析。首先以勘察期的水库稳定水位为水头边界条件,以现场简易渗透试验所得渗透系数为参考,进行地质建模;然后进行各种工况条件下的渗流分析及反演,确定库岸边坡的渗透系数。反演所得的渗透系数与现场试验所得的渗透系数属同一数量级,模拟的浸润线和勘察得到的浸润线基本重合,表明通过渗流反演确定渗透系数的方法是可行的。     

堤防渗流场参数敏感性三维随机有限元分析

采用随机有限元分析方法,研究了长江荆南干堤的三维各向异性非均质稳定随机渗流场中的随机参数和随机边界条件对渗流场模拟结果的影响,并进行敏感性分析.通过统计模拟和假设检验,建立并验证了该干堤渗流场内服从独立正态分布的渗透系数张量;讨论了堤防土层的地质结构特性、堤防渗透变形及破坏的特征、堤防渗透参数的敏感性;研究了上、下游水头随机边界条件、垂直防渗边界条件以及减压(导渗)沟随机特性的敏感性.实现了对渗流场的全面随机模拟和分析,得到的结论通过统计检验,并根据实测工程数据对照证明是可靠的.     

基于RF-GWO的水利工程地质渗透系数智能反演分析

地质渗透系数是准确分析水利工程渗流的关键参数。针对传统反演方法计算效率低、精度差的问题,采用有限元正演模型和正交试验设计构建渗透系数反演样本集,建立了基于随机森林(RF)算法的渗流计算代理模型;在此基础上,引入灰狼优化(GWO)算法,提出了基于RF-GWO的渗透系数智能反演方法,并以Z抽水蓄能电站为研究案例进行了验证。结果表明：RF模型对各钻孔水位预测结果均接近实测值,性能优于CART和BP模型;GWO可搜寻到地质最佳渗透系数,钻孔水位反演结果合理,相对误差最大为0.42%,精度满足工程要求,计算的天然渗流场分布形态也符合一般山体渗流场分布规律。建立的反演模型能够快速准确地推断工程区地层渗透系数,具有实际工程应用价值。     

基于ANSYS的大伙房水库土坝渗透系数反演

根据温度场和渗流场的相似性,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS的热分析功能计算土石坝渗流问题。通过AN-SYS的优化设计功能,建立了基于ANSYS的渗透系数反演模型,反演得到更符合大伙房水库大坝实际工况的渗透系数,利用该渗透系数进行渗流数值计算,通过对计算值与实测值的对比表明,有限元计算值与实测值相对误差较小,拟合结果能够满足精度要求。说明所求得的渗透系数比较合理,可以用于渗流数值计算。     

密云水库潮河主坝渗流反演计算及分析

运用Gro-Seep软件,采用有限元分析方法和饱和-非饱和渗流理论反演大坝最大断面处各部位材料的渗透系数,演算设计水位下大坝的浸润线、渗透梯度、等水头线、水压力等工作参数,并与设计允许值进行对比,判断大坝的运行状态。     

基于云推理的渗透系数反演模型

鉴于云推理在处理不确定性方面的能力,通过假定渗透系数的正态云分布,利用有限元计算出相应的孔隙水压力,将计算结果作为云推理的规则前件,通过"软与"与规则后件的渗透系数相对应,以模拟测压管水位与防渗体渗透系数之间的非线性关系,从而建立渗透系数反演的云推理模型。将此方法应用于某水库的渗透系数反演中,结果表明,基于云推理的渗透系数反演模型具有较高的精度,可用于土石坝渗透系数的反演。     

三维各向异性随机渗流场参数敏感性分析

在三维各向异性非均质稳定随机渗流场的随机有限元分析的基础上研究了长江荆南干堤渗流场中随机参数和随机边界条件对随机渗流场模拟结果的影响和随机参数与随机边界条件的随机敏感性分析。通过统计模拟和假设检验,建立并验证了长江荆南干堤渗流场内服从独立正态分布的渗透系数随机序列{k}。在对荆南干堤渗流场随机特性和随机边界条件的敏感性分析中讨论了堤防土层的地质结构特性、堤防渗透变形及破坏的特征、堤防渗透参数的敏感性;分别研究了上下游水头随机边界条件的敏感性、垂直防渗边界条件的敏感性及减压(导渗)沟随机特性的敏感性。实现了对干堤典型段渗流场的较为全面的随机模拟和分析,得到的结论通过统计检验并结合实测工程数据对照证明是可靠的,程序的研制是适用的。     

柴河水库土坝渗透系数反演分析

结合柴河水库土坝的测压管实际观测资料,采用改进的遗传算法对柴河水库土坝心墙及坝壳混合料的渗透系数进行了反演分析计算,得出坝壳混合料以及心墙料的渗透系数分别为4.69×10-4、2.13×10-6cm/s。采用正分析方法把遗传算法反分析出的渗透系数代入到有限元法建立的模型中进行计算,得到各特征部位渗流要素数值计算结果,通过测压管所在节点的水位与实测管水位、坝基渗流量实测值与计算值检验有限元计算结果的准确性。结果表明:水位计算值的相对误差较小,坝基渗流量计算值与实测值相比误差也较小,表明反演的坝壳混合料以及心墙料的渗透系数是准确的。     

Stochastic back analysis of permeability coefficient using generalized Bayesian method

Owing to the fact that the conventional deterministic back analysis of the permeability coefficient cannot reflect the uncertainties of parameters, including the hydraulic head at the boundary, the permeability coefficient and measured hydraulic head, a stochastic back analysis taking consideration of uncertainties of parameters was performed using the generalized Bayesian method. Based on the stochastic finite element method （SFEM） for a seepage field, the variable metric algorithm and the generalized Bayesian method, formulas for stochastic back analysis of the permeability coefficient were derived. A case study of seepage analysis of a sluice foundation was performed to illustrate the proposed method. The results indicate that, with the generalized Bayesian method that considers the uncertainties of measured hydraulic head, the permeability coefficient and the hydraulic head at the boundary, both the mean and standard deviation of the permeability coefficient can be obtained and the standard deviation is less than that obtained by the conventional Bayesian method. Therefore, the present method is valid and applicable.     

Three-dimensional stochastic seepage field for embankment engineering

Owing to the complexity of get-engineering seepage problems influenced by different random factors, three-dimensional simulation and analysis of the stochastic seepage field plays an important role in engineering applications. A three-dimensional anisotropic heterogeneous steady random seepage model was developed on the basis of the finite element method. A statistical analysis of the distribution characteristics of soil parameters sampled from the main embankment of the Yangtze River in the Southern Jingzhou zone of China was conducted. The Kolomogorov-Smimov test verified the statistical hypothesis that the permeability coefficient tensor has a Gaussian distribution. With the help of numerical analysis of the stochastic seepage field using the developed model, various statistical and random characteristics of the stochastic seepage field of the main embankment of the Yangtze River in the Southern Jingzhou zone of China were investigated. The model was also examined with statistical testing. Through the introduction of random variation of the upstream and downstream water levels into the model, the effects of the boundary randomness due to variation of the downstream and upstream water levels on the variation of simulated results presented with a vector series of the random seepage field were analyzed. Furthermore, the combined influence of the variation of the soil permeability coefficient and such seepage resistance measures as the cut-off wall and relief ditch on the hydraulic head distribution was analyzed and compared with the results obtained by determinate analysis. Meanwhile, sensitivities of the hydraulic gradient and downstream exit height to the variation of boundary water level were studied. The validity of the simulated results was verified by stochastic testing and measured data. The developed model provides more detail and a full stochastic algorithm to characterize and analyze three-dimensional stochastic seepage field problems.     

Stochastic simulation of fluid flow in porous media by the complex variable expression method

A stochastic simulation of fluid flow in porous media using a complex variable expression method (SFCM) is presented in this paper. Hydraulic conductivity is considered as a random variable and is then expressed in complex variable form, the real part of which is a deterministic value and the imaginary part is a variable value. The stochastic seepage flow is simulated with the SFCM and is compared with the results calculated with the Monte Carlo stochastic finite element method. In using the Monte Carlo method to simulate the stochastic seepage flow field, the hydraulic conductivity is assumed in three different probability distributions using random sampling method. The obtained seepage flow field is examined through skewness analysis, and the skewed distribution probability density function is given. The head mode value and the head comprehensive standard deviation are used to represent the statistics of calculation results obtained by the Monte Carlo method. The stochastic seepage flow field simulated by the SFCM is confirmed to be similar to that given by the Monte Carlo method from numerical aspects. The range of coefficient of variation of hydraulic conductivity in SFCM is larger than used previously in stochastic seepage flow field simulations, and the computation time is short. The results proved that the SFCM is a convenient calculating method for solving the complex problems.     

关于允楞水库渗流反演结果适定性解的探讨

渗流问题反演结果往往不是唯一的。结合云南允楞水库实际工程，探讨了反演结果不唯一的原因，并与数值优化方法结合，将反问题转为正问题求解。具体方法为:首先，将坝体渗流计算域分为若干子域，并认为在子域内渗透系数为常数；其次，以钻孔原位压水试验成果为渗流计算初值选取提供依据；最后用三维渗流有限元计算得到的各测孔水位，与实测值进行最优拟合得到反演结果。计算结果表明，该方法简便易行，计算结果精确可靠，可供同类工程的渗流反演分析参考。     

基于光滑有限单元法的土石坝无压渗流场数值模拟

获得自由面准确位置是无压渗流分析中最被关注的问题.采用光滑有限元法对土石坝无压渗流场进行数值模拟,对不同模型的自由面位置进行求解,研究了渗透异常体对自由面和渗流参数的影响.根据梯度光滑技术,建立了无压渗流问题的光滑有限元模型,该方法的优势在于将单元面积分优化为沿单元边界的线积分,简化了边界相交单元的内部积分过程,降低了...     

考虑非饱和区影响的土石坝渗流有限元计算

传统的有限元饱和渗流计算往往把渗透系数取作定值,而实际上非饱和土渗透系数呈非线性函数关系,与体积含水率、孔隙水压力密切相关.基于饱和-非饱和土渗流计算模型与原理,本文考虑渗流场非饱和区对堤坝渗流的影响,对某土石坝进行了渗流有限元计算与分析.算例结果表明,应用该思想与方法计算土石坝渗流,可以获得较为准确合理的渗流场计算结果.